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"Wang, Hua-Qing"
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Post-infection cognitive impairments in a cohort of elderly patients with COVID-19
Background
Understanding the long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on cognitive function is essential for monitoring the cognitive decline in the elderly population. This study aims to assess the current cognitive status and the longitudinal cognitive decline in elderly patients recovered from COVID-19.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 1539 COVID-19 inpatients aged over 60 years who were discharged from three COVID-19-designated hospitals in Wuhan, China, from February 10 to April 10, 2020. In total, 466 uninfected spouses of COVID-19 patients were selected as controls. The current cognitive status was assessed using a Chinese version of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status-40 (TICS-40) and the longitudinal cognitive decline was assessed using an Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Cognitive assessments were performed 6 months after patient discharge.
Results
Compared with controls, COVID-19 patients had lower TICS-40 scores and higher IQCODE scores [TICS-40 median (IQR): 29 (25 to 32) vs. 30 (26 to 33),
p
< 0.001; IQCODE median (IQR): 3.19 (3.00 to 3.63) vs. 3.06 (3.00 to 3.38),
p
< 0.001]. Severe COVID-19 patients had lower TICS-40 scores and higher IQCODE scores than non-severe COVID-19 patients [TICS-40 median (IQR): 24 (18 to 28) vs. 30 (26 to 33),
p
< 0.001; IQCODE median (IQR): 3.63 (3.13 to 4.31) vs. 3.13 (3.00 to 3.56),
p
< 0.001] and controls [TICS-40 median (IQR): 24 (18 to 28) vs. 30 (26 to 33),
p
< 0.001; IQCODE median (IQR) 3.63 (3.13 to 4.31) vs. 3.06 (3.00 to 3.38),
p
< 0.001]. Severe COVID-19 patients had a higher proportion of cases with current cognitive impairment and longitudinal cognitive decline than non-severe COVID-19 patients [dementia: 25 (10.50 %) vs. 9 (0.69 %),
p
< 0.001; Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): 60 (25.21 %) vs. 63 (4.84 %),
p
< 0.001] and controls [dementia: 25 (10.50 %) vs. 0 (0 %),
p
< 0.001; MCI: 60 (25.21 %) vs. 20 (4.29 %),
p
< 0.001)]. COVID-19 severity, delirium and COPD were risk factors of current cognitive impairment. Low education level, severe COVID-19, delirium, hypertension and COPD were risk factors of longitudinal cognitive decline.
Conclusions
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with an increased risk of long-term cognitive decline in elderly population. COVID-19 patients, especially severe patients, should be intensively monitored for post-infection cognitive decline.
Journal Article
The hornwort genome and early land plant evolution
Hornworts, liverworts and mosses are three early diverging clades of land plants, and together comprise the bryophytes. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the hornwort
Anthoceros angustus
. Phylogenomic inferences confirm the monophyly of bryophytes, with hornworts sister to liverworts and mosses. The simple morphology of hornworts correlates with low genetic redundancy in plant body plan, while the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for plant development has already been established in this early land plant lineage. Although the
Anthoceros
genome is small and characterized by minimal redundancy, expansions are observed in gene families related to RNA editing, UV protection and desiccation tolerance. The genome of
A. angustus
bears the signatures of horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi, in particular of genes operating in stress-response and metabolic pathways. Our study provides insight into the unique features of hornworts and their molecular adaptations to live on land.
A draft genome sequence of the hornwort
Anthoceros augustus
confirms the phylogenetic relationships among the three clades of bryophytes and provides insight into the unique characteristics of hornworts and their adaptations to live on land.
Journal Article
Laser surface functionalization to achieve extreme surface wetting conditions and resultant surface functionalities
Wetting condition of micro/nanostructured surface has received tremendous attention due to the potential applications in commercial, industrial, and military areas. Surfaces with extreme wetting properties, e. g., superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic, are extensively employed due to their superior anti-icing, drag reduction, enhanced boiling heat transfer, self-cleaning, and anti-bacterial properties depending on solid-liquid interfacial interactions. Laser-based techniques have gained popularity in recent years to create micro/nano-structured surface owing to their high flexibility, system precision, and ease for automation. These techniques create laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) or hierarchical structures on substrate material. However, micro/nanostructures alone cannot attain the desired wettability. Subsequent modification of surface chemistry is essentially needed to achieve target extreme wettability. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review for both laser texturing techniques and the following chemistry modification methods. Recent research progress and fundamental mechanisms of surface structure generation via different types of lasers and various chemistry modification methods are discussed. The complex combination between the laser texturing and surface chemistry modification methods to decide the final wetting condition is presented. More importantly, surface functionalities of these surfaces with extreme wetting properties are discussed. Lastly, prospects for future research are proposed and discussed.
Journal Article
New moss taxa from Eastern Himalaya: Plastid genomics supports the establishment of Scabridentaceae fam. nov. and the description of Scabridens gaochienii sp. nov. (Hypnales, Bryophyta)
The Himalayas represent a globally significant biodiversity hotspot, yet bryophyte diversity remains insufficiently explored, especially in some inaccessible areas. During recent field surveys in Motuo County, Xizang, China, we collected an unusual moss species resembling
E.B.Bartram but differing in gametophyte morphology, most notably by a short double costa. To clarify its taxonomic position, we assembled and annotated 20 complete chloroplast genomes from Cryphaeaceae, Leucodontaceae, and Pterobryaceae, and analyzed these alongside 29 additional Hypnales accessions. Comparative plastome analyses revealed conserved structures across these lineages, with minor variations in genome size, GC content, and IR boundary regions. Phylogenomic analyses revealed the unknown taxon as sister to
.
E.B.Bartram with strong support. Morphologically, it differs from
.
by a short double costa, leaf margins revolute from the base to near the apex, and longer setae. Both morphological and molecular evidence support the recognition of this unknown taxon as a new species, which we described here as
.
W.Z.Huang & Y.Huan Wu. Furthermore, although
is sister to Cryphaeaceae in plastid phylogenies, its pronounced morphological distinctiveness supports the recognition of a new family, Scabridentaceae W.Z.Huang & Y.Huan Wu, to accommodate the genus. Our results highlight the power of plastid phylogenomics in resolving complex relationships in Hypnales and underscore the eastern Himalayas as a priority region for bryophyte diversity exploration.
Journal Article
Dissipation Pattern, Processing Factors, and Safety Evaluation for Dimethoate and Its Metabolite (Omethoate) in Tea (Camellia Sinensis)
Residue levels of dimethoate and its oxon metabolite (omethoate) during tea planting, manufacturing, and brewing were investigated using a modified QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography. Dissipation of dimethoate and its metabolite in tea plantation followed the first-order kinetic with a half-life of 1.08-1.27 d. Tea manufacturing has positive effects on dimethoate dissipation. Processing factors of dimethoate are in the range of 2.11-2.41 and 1.41-1.70 during green tea and black tea manufacturing, respectively. Omethoate underwent generation as well as dissipation during tea manufacturing. Sum of dimethoate and omethoate led to a large portion of 80.5-84.9% transferring into tea infusion. Results of safety evaluation indicated that omethoate could bring higher human health risk than dimethoate due to its higher hazard quotient by drinking tea. These results would provide information for the establishment of maximum residue limit and instruction for the application of dimethoate formulation on tea crop.
Journal Article
Identification and Control of a Poliomyelitis Outbreak in Xinjiang, China
China had been free of wild-type poliovirus transmission and infection for nearly 20 years when a 2011 outbreak of imported wild-type poliovirus was identified in Xinjiang. Efforts to control the outbreak are described, including the administration of 44 million doses of vaccine.
The World Health Assembly established the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988.
1
,
2
The World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific region, including China, was certified as a poliomyelitis-free region in 2000.
3
However, the transmission of wild-type poliovirus has not yet been stopped in Afghanistan, Pakistan, or Nigeria. Globally, some countries have had outbreaks of imported wild-type poliovirus, and in others the circulation of outbreak strains has been reestablished.
4
China has the world's largest population (1.347 billion in 2011).
5
By 1963, live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was being administered in annual campaigns conducted during the winter. OPV has been included . . .
Journal Article
Diagnostic accuracy of plasma p‐tau217/Aβ42 for Alzheimer's disease in clinical and community cohorts
INTRODUCTION This study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a novel plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) 217/amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 ratio test for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The diagnostic performance of the Lumipulse G plasma p‐tau217/Aβ42 ratio was evaluated using Aβ and tau positron emission tomography (PET) as reference standards in a clinic cohort (n = 391) and a community cohort (n = 121). RESULTS Plasma p‐tau217/Aβ42 exhibited high performance for abnormal statuses of Aβ PET (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.963 to 0.966) and tau PET (AUC: 0.947 to 0.974), which were clinically equivalent to those of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p‐tau181/Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 and higher than those of blood p‐tau217, Aβ42/Aβ40, p‐tau181, and p‐tau181/Aβ42 in both clinic and community cohorts. Applying a two‐cutoff approach improved the specificity without reducing sensitivity. The p‐tau217/Aβ42 ratio had a lower intermediate percentage than p‐tau217 alone in both clinic (10.6% vs 13.0%) and community (16.5% vs 31.4%) cohorts. DISCUSSION Plasma p‐tau217/Aβ42 has high performance in detecting cerebral AD pathologies, thus offering a promising tool for clinical diagnosis and community screening of AD. Highlights Lumipulse G plasma p‐tau217 and the p‐tau217/Aβ42 ratio accurately identified abnormal Aβ and tau PET statuses in both clinical and community cohorts. The performance of plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ42 ratio were equivalent to CSF tests. Plasma p‐tau217/Aβ42 ratio outperformed p‐tau217 alone in identifying Aβ PET positivity, and this superiority is more obvious in the community cohort, suggesting an advantage in the early diagnosis of AD. Two cut points of p‐tau217/Aβ42 were established in the Chinese population for clinical laboratory and community screening uses.
Journal Article
Prevalence and clinical predictors of spasticity after intracerebral hemorrhage
Background Spasticity is a common complication of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, no consensus exists on the relation between spasticity and initial clinical findings after ICH. Methods This retrospective study enrolled adult patients with a history of ICH between January 2012 and October 2020. The modified Ashworth scale was used to assess spasticity. A trained image analyst traced all ICH lesions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between ICH lesion sites and spasticity. Results We finally analyzed 304 patients (mean age 54.86 ± 12.93 years; 72.04% men). The incidence of spasticity in patients with ICH was 30.92%. Higher National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores were associated with an increased predicted probability for spasticity (odds ratio, OR = 1.153 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.093–1.216], p < .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that lower age, higher NIHSS scores, and drinking were associated with an increased risk of moderate‐to‐severe spasticity (OR = 0.965 [95% CI 0.939–0.992], p = .013; OR = 1.068 [95% CI 1.008–1.130], p = .025; OR = 4.809 [95% CI 1.671–13.840], p = .004, respectively). However, smoking and ICH in the thalamus were associated with a reduced risk of moderate‐to‐severe spasticity (OR = 0.200 [95% CI 0.071–0.563], p = .002; OR = 0.405 [95% CI 0.140–1.174], p = .046, respectively) compared with ICH in the basal ganglia. Conclusions Our results suggest that ICH lesion locations are at least partly associated with post‐stroke spasticity rather than the latter simply being a physiological reaction to ICH itself. The predictors for spasticity after ICH were age, NIHSS scores, past medical history, and ICH lesion sites.
Journal Article
Combining Radiation and anti-PD-L1 Enhances the Antitumor Activity in Colorectal Cancer via IFN-γ-Dependent Activation of STAT1
Introduction
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and proficient mismatch-repair/microsatellite-stable (pMMR/MSS) tumors respond poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Ionizing radiation (IR) can convert ‘cold’ tumors into ‘hot’ lesions but rarely elicits durable immunity alone.
Methods
This study investigated the synergistic antitumor effects of hypofractionated ionizing radiation (IR) combined with anti-PD-L1 therapy in CRC. Transcriptomic analysis of paired CRC biopsies (GSE179351) was performed to identify gene expression changes following combination therapy. In vivo efficacy was assessed in syngeneic BALB/c mice bearing CT26.WT tumors treated with 18 Gy IR (in 3 fractions) and anti-PD-L1 (10 mg/kg). Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cytokine quantification, and Western blotting were used to evaluate immune cell infiltration, IFN-γ expression, and activation of JAK1/STAT1 signaling and apoptosis. To directly test the requirement of STAT1 signaling, CT26.WT cells were treated with the JAK1 inhibitor Itacitinib.
Results
Combination therapy induced 701 differentially expressed genes enriched in JAK–STAT signaling and apoptosis pathways. In vivo, IR + anti-PD-L1 significantly delayed tumor growth versus monotherapy without added systemic toxicity. Enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and increased IFN-γ levels were observed in both tumor and spleen. Mechanistically, IR alone did not activate STAT1 signaling, while exogenous IFN-γ or IR + IFN-γ induced JAK1/STAT1 phosphorylation and caspase-3 cleavage in CRC cells, promoting STAT1-dependent apoptosis. These findings highlight IR's role in priming an IFN-γ–rich tumor microenvironment that enhances the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade.
Conclusion
The study supports radio-immunotherapy as a promising approach for patients with pMMR/MSS CRC and provides a mechanistic rationale for clinical trials optimizing fractionation or targeting the IFN-γ/JAK-STAT pathway.
Journal Article