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<p>Miniaturization of electronic devices and recent developments in wireless communication technology are leading to the creation of a range of personal information appliances, or biotic sensors, which can be attached to or implanted in human bodies. The wireless networking of such devices is known as the wireless body area network (BAN). BAN can share information effectively and securely, reduce functional redundancies, and allow new conveniences and services. Moreover, it provides new possibilities for high-quality service from hospitals, by linking various biotic sensors to establish a body-area network of personal health information. In&#160;<i>Body Area Communications: Channel Modeling, Communication Systems, and EMC</i>, Wang and Wang provide a systematic introduction to body area networks leading readers from an introductory level to in-depth and more advanced topics.&#160;&#160;</p> <ul> <li>Provides a concise introduction to this emerging topic based on classroom-tested materials</li> <li>Details the latest IEEE 802.15.6 standard activities</li> <li>Moves from very basic physics, to useful mathematic models, and then to practical considerations</li> <li>Covers not only EM physics and communications, but also biological applications</li> <li>Topics approached include: link budget, bit error rate performance, RAKE and diversity reception; SAR analysis for human safety evaluation; and modeling of electromagnetic interference to implanted cardiac pacemakers</li> <li>Provides Matlab and Fortran programs for download from the Companion Website</li> </ul> <p>This book is ideal for graduate students, engineers and researchers interested in body area networks, or those who would like to apply expertise in signal processing, application development and implementation, IC design, instrumentation, software framework, hardware/software optimization, distributed processing, and communications to BAN applications. Researchers and practicing engineers in biomedical engineering, who are interested in extending techniques to the wireless communications space, will also find this book to be a helpful reference.</p>

In December 2019, a new type of pneumonia caused by SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan and has been discovered in many countries around the world. ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has been shown to be one of the major receptors that mediate the entry of SARS-Cov-2 into human cells. Here in this study, we used the online datasets to analyze ACE2 expression in different human organs. The results indicated that ACE2 highly expresses in renal tubular cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and cells in seminiferous ducts in testis. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RBD) domain and ACE2 of RPTEC/SerC cell-binding assays confirmed that SARS-Cov-2 can bind to ACE2 on the surface of these cells. Our results suggest that ACE2 expression could contribute to kidney and testis infection after COVID-19 infection. Renal function evaluation and special care should be performed during clinical work. Clinicians should also pay attention to the risk of testicular lesions in patients during hospitalization and later clinical follow-up, especially the assessment and appropriate intervention in young patients' fertility.

A position identification system for wandering elderly people uses BLE to transmit ID information. The objective of this study is to make the BLE module batteryless using a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element is mounted on the sole of a shoe, and when pressure is applied to the piezoelectric element by walking, a voltage is generated between both electrodes of the piezoelectric element. This voltage is used to store the necessary power as a battery to operate the BLE module. In this paper, we provide a step-by-step design approach using piezoelectric elements attached to a shoe to power an actual BLE module. We derive an equivalent circuit for the piezoelectric element under walking conditions and, through circuit simulation and actual measurements, clarify the amount of time required to charge the voltage to drive the BLE, demonstrating the possibility of a batteryless BLE module for use in locating a wanderer while they are walking.

Projected global climate change is a potential threat for food security. Both rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations ([CO₂]) and temperatures have significant impacts on crop productivity, but the combined effects on grain quality are not well understood. We conducted an open-air field experiment to determine the impacts of elevated [CO₂] (E-[CO₂], up to 500 μmol mo−1) and warming (+2°C) on grain yield, protein and amino acid (AAs, acid digests) in a rice–winter wheat rotation system for 2 yr. E-[CO₂] increased grain yield by 11.3% for wheat and 5.9% for rice, but decreased grain protein concentration by 14.9% for wheat and by 7.0% for rice, although E-[CO₂] slightly increased the ratio of essential to nonessential AAs. With a consistent decline in grain yield, warming decreased protein yield, notably in wheat, despite a smaller increase in protein concentration. These results indicate that warming could partially negate the negative impact by E-[CO₂] on grain protein concentration at the expense of grain yield; this tradeoff could not fully offset the negative effects of climate change on crop production.

Background Prostate cancer (Pca) remains one of the leading adult malignancies. PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) mutant is the top common mutated genes in prostate cancer, which makes it a promising biomarker in future individualized treatment. Methods We obtained gene expression data of prostate cancer from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database for analysis. We analyzed the DEGs (differentially expressed genes), and used online tools or software to analyze Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins, and Molecular Complex Detection. Results Latest TCGA data showed PTEN mutation in about 22% patients. 1736 DEGs in total were identified. Results of gene functional enrichment analyses showed that muscle contraction, negative regulation of growth and multiple metabolic progression were significantly enriched. GNG13, ACTN2, POTEE, ACTA1, MYH6, MYH3, MYH7, MYL1, TNNC1 and TNNC2 were the top ten hub genes. Patients with PTEN mutation showed relatively decreased mRNA expression level of PTEN. Survival analysis indicated the risk of disease recurrence in patients with PTEN mutation. Conclusions Our findings suggested that PTEN mutation in prostate cancer may induce changes in a variety of genes and pathways and affect disease progression, suggesting the significance of PTEN mutation in individualized treatment of prostate cancer.

Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are critical elements of intercellular communication in tumor microenvironment (TME), and exosomes are key mediators between tumor cells and the TME. According to previous reports, miRNAs exert a pivotal role in ovarian cancer (OC) development. The purpose of this work was to explore the function of TAM-derived exosomal miR-589-3p in OC development and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods First, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated with IL-4 and IL-13 to polarize them into M2-type macrophages. Exosomes were separated from M2-type macrophages, and the physical properties of exosomes were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Next, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to examine the expression of relevant genes. Subsequently, Targetscan and miRDB were utilized to predict miR-589-3p target genes, and then the interaction between miR-589-3p and BCL2L13 was verified by dual luciferase assay and RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Finally, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry experiments were employed to explore the changes in the proliferative and apoptotic abilities of OC cells. Results In this research, we demonstrated that TAM-derived exosomes facilitated OC cell proliferation and suppressed OC cell apoptosis. Then, qRT-PCR results indicated that miR-589-3p were markedly elevated after co-culture of TAM-derived exosomes with OC cells. In addition, we discovered that miR-589-3p was bound to BCL-2-like protein 13 (BCL2L13), which was confirmed through luciferase assay and RIP assay. Furthermore, functional analysis displayed that TAM-derived exosomes treated with miR-589-3p inhibitor attenuated the promotion of OC cell progression by exosomes. Conclusion TAM-derived exosomal miR-589-3p enhanced OC progression through BCL2L13, which offers a novel for OC therapy.

Cyclist trajectory prediction is of great significance for both active collision avoidance and path planning of intelligent vehicles. This paper presents a trajectory prediction method for the motion intention of cyclists in real traffic scenarios. This method is based on dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). The motion intention of cyclists is hard to predict owing to potential large uncertainties. The DBN is used to infer the distribution of cyclists’ intentions at intersections to improve the prediction time. The LSTM with encoder-decoder is used to predict the cyclists’ trajectories to improve the accuracy of prediction. Therefore, the DBN and LSTM are adopted to guarantee prediction accuracy and improve the prediction time. The experiment results are presented to show the effectiveness of the predict strategies.

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, human activities have caused marine pollution in three ways: land source, air source, and sea source, leading to the problem of marine environments. Remote sensing, with its wide coverage and fast and accurate monitoring capability, continues to be an important tool for marine environment monitoring and evaluation research. This paper focuses on the three types of marine pollution, namely marine seawater pollution, marine debris and microplastic pollution, and marine air pollution. We review the application of remote sensing technology methods for monitoring marine pollution and identify the limitations of existing methods. Marine seawater pollution can be effectively monitored by remote sensing technology, especially where traditional monitoring methods are inadequate. For marine debris and microplastic pollution, the monitoring methods are still in the early stages of development and require further research. For marine air pollution, more air pollution parameters are required for accurate monitoring. Future research should focus on developing marine remote sensing with data, technology, and standard sharing for three-dimensional monitoring, combining optical and physical sensors with biosensors, and using multi-source and multi-temporal monitoring data. A marine multi-source monitoring database is necessary to provide an immediately available basis for coastal and marine governance, improve marine spatial planning, and help coastal and marine protection.

Prostate cancer (PRAD) is one of the leading malignancies in men all around the world. Here, we identified Myosin Heavy Chain 6 (MYH6) as a potential tumor suppressor gene in the development of prostate cancer. We found lower expression of MYH6 in prostate cancer tissues, and its lower gene expression was also associated with worse clinical outcomes. In vitro and in vivo assays indicated that overexpressed MYH6 could suppress the proliferation and migration progression of prostate cancer cells. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism, and KIT Proto-Oncogen (KIT) was determined as the downstream gene of MYH6, which was further confirmed using rescue assays. In all, we provide the evidence that MYH6 could serve as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Our results highlight the potential role of MYH6 in the development of prostate cancer.