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In order to enhance the adsorption and photocatalytic property of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) melt-blown film, PPS melt-blown film was modified by loading ZIF-8 nanomaterial on the surface of the film via a simple solvothermal water method, the PPS melt-blown film was impregnated in advance. Film performance was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results from FTIR and XRD showed that ZIF-8 was introduced into the modified PPS film successfully. The modified PPS film was endowed with excellent adsorption and photocatalytic compared with the original PPS by the result of enhanced dye removal. The removal rate of methyl blue (MB) by PPS/ZIF-8 film within the range of pH = 3–11 of the environmental solution were more than 80%, up to 99.1%. The dye removal rate still remained 80% after 5 repeat cycles, showed that the modified film has good stability.

Mitochondrial dynamics can regulate Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-I antigen expression by cancer cells and their immunogenicity in mice and in patients with malignancies. A crucial role in the mitochondrial fragmentation connection with immunogenicity is played by the IRE1α-XBP-1s axis. XBP-1s is a transcription factor for aminopeptidase TPP2, which inhibits MHC-I complex cell surface expression likely by degrading tumor antigen peptides. Mitochondrial fission inhibition with Mdivi-1 upregulates MHC-I expression on cancer cells and enhances the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy in patient-derived tumor models. Therefore mitochondrial fission inhibition might provide an approach to enhance the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy. Cancer cells downregulate surface expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) for immune evasion. Here, the authors show that rapid mitochondrial fission activates the ER-stress response leading to reduced MHC-I complex formation and cell surface expression in solid cancer cells; moreover inhibition of mitochondrial fission increases the immune-mediated anticancer response in murine models.

Globally, agricultural soils are considered as one of the most important sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. No-tillage (NT), one of the most admired ways of climate-smart agriculture, has been deemed to have co-benefit to mitigation of GHG emissions and sustainability for crop yield, however, the effect of NT on GHG emissions is controversial. This study analyzed the overall effects of NT on GHG emissions, as well as the moderators that significantly influenced the overall effects, of the wheat-based rotation cropping systems in China through meta-analysis. The results showed that the overall effect size of NT on methane (CH 4 ) uptake, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission, and global warming potential (GWP) was 0.70 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.21–1.19), −0.27 (95%CI: −0.72–0.18), and −0.39 (95%CI: −1.01–0.23), respectively. In temperate climate zones with alkaline soils, the nitrogen application rate of 120–240 kg/ha, NT could significantly reduce GHG emissions and GWP. However, the mitigation effect will be weakened along with NT duration, except for proper straw addition. Overall, NT has the potential to reduce GHG emissions from wheat-based rotation systems in China, but it is necessary to implement NT depending on local conditions, soil characteristics, and field management.

In some legume–rhizobium symbioses, host specificity is influenced by rhizobial type III effectors-nodulation outer proteins (Nops). However, the genes encoding host proteins that interact with Nops remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify candidate soybean genes associated with NopD, one of the type III effectors of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103. The results showed that the expression pattern of NopD was analyzed in rhizobia induced by genistein. We also found NopD can be induced by TtsI, and NopD as a toxic effector can induce tobacco leaf death. In 10 soybean germplasms, NopD played a positively effect on nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW) in nine germplasms, but not in Kenjian28. Significant phenotype of NN and NDW were identified between Dongnong594 and Charleston, Suinong14 and ZYD00006, respectively. To map the quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with NopD, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between Dongnong594 and Charleston, and chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from Suinong14 and ZYD00006 were used. Two overlapping conditional QTL associated with NopD on chromosome 19 were identified. Two candidate genes were identified in the confident region of QTL, we found that NopD could influence the expression of Glyma.19g068600 (FBD/LRR) and expression of Glyma.19g069200 (PP2C) after HH103 infection. Haplotype analysis showed that different types of Glyma.19g069200 haplotypes could cause significant nodule phenotypic differences, but Glyma.19g068600 (FBD/LRR) was not. These results suggest that NopD promotes S. fredii HH103 infection via directly or indirectly regulating Glyma.19g068600 and Glyma.19g069200 expression during the establishment of symbiosis between rhizobia and soybean plants.

Bacterial blight, which is one of the most common soybean diseases, is responsible for considerable yield losses. In this study, a novel Xanthomonas vasicola strain was isolated from the leaves of soybean plants infected with bacterial blight under field conditions. Sequencing the X. vasicola genome revealed type-III effector-coding genes. Moreover, the hrpG deletion mutant was constructed. To identify the soybean genes responsive to HrpG, two chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying the wild soybean genome, but with opposite phenotypes following Xanthomonas inoculations, were used to analyze gene expression networks based on RNA sequencing at three time points after inoculations with wild-type Xanthomonas or the hrpG deletion mutant. To further identify the hub genes underlying soybean responses to HrpG, the genes located on the substituted chromosome segments were examined. Finally, a combined analysis with the QTLs for resistance to Xanthomonas identified 35 hub genes in the substituted chromosomal segments that may help regulate soybean responses to Xanthomonas and HrpG. Furthermore, two candidate genes in the CSSLs might play pivotal roles in response to Xanthomonas.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183026.].

Rett syndrome (RTT), a leading cause of intellectual disability in girls, is predominantly caused by mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2. Disruption of Mecp2 in mice recapitulates major features of RTT, including neurobehavioral abnormalities, which can be reversed by re-expression of normal Mecp2. Thus, there is reason to believe that RTT could be amenable to therapeutic intervention throughout the lifespan of patients after the onset of symptoms. A common feature underlying neuropsychiatric disorders, including RTT, is altered synaptic function in the brain. Here, we show that Mecp2tm1.1Jae/y mice display lower presynaptic function as assessed by paired pulse ratio, as well as decreased long term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal Schaffer-collateral-CA1 synapses. Treatment of Mecp2tm1.1Jae/y mice with D-cycloserine (DCS), an FDA-approved analog of the amino acid D-alanine with antibiotic and glycinergic activity, corrected the presynaptic but not LTP deficit without affecting deficient hippocampal BDNF levels. DCS treatment did, however, partially restore lower BDNF levels in the brain stem and striatum. Thus, treatment with DCS may mitigate the severity of some of the neurobehavioral symptoms experienced by patients with Rett syndrome.

It is a great challenge to develop photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in the aqueous environment, especially those with excellent catalytic performance under visible light conditions. In this work, using graphene oxide (GO) as an electron shuttle agent and carrier, a hybrid of ZIF-8/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) and GO (ZIF-8/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti)/GO) was prepared by a simple two-step solvothermal method. The morphology, structure, and combination of the synthesized catalysts were studied. The results showed that graphene oxide and ZIF-8 formed an in situ load on NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti). The construction of hybrid materials significantly improved the catalytic activity of NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) in the visible light range. The degradation activity of the synthesized catalyst was further tested with reactive red dye. The results showed that the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic removal efficiency for active red, with a degradation rate of 99.8% within 2 h. The prepared hybrid materials have good application prospects in the field of organic pollutant treatment in water. Graphical Abstract

To what extent the new particle formation (NPF) contributed to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) remained unclear, especially at the boundary layer top (BLT) in polluted atmosphere. Based on measurements at a mountain-top background site in southeastern China during spring 2024, this study systematically investigates the nucleation mechanism and subsequent growth dynamics of NPF events under contrasting air masses, and quantifies their role as a source of CCN. Eight NPF events were observed, and three of them occurred in the polluted conditions (NPF-P) which associated with regional transportation while the rest five events appeared in the clean conditions (NPF-C). The average formation rate (J2.5: 2.4 cm-3s-1 vs. 0.7 cm-3s-1) and growth rate (GR: 6.8 nm h−1 vs. 5.5 nm h−1) were significantly higher in NPF-P events than in NPF-C events, alongside elevated concentrations of sulfuric acid and ammonia. The correlation between log J3 and [H2SO4], as well as theoretical simulations with the MALTE_BOX model, indicates that the enhanced nucleation in polluted conditions can be attributed to the participation of ammonia in stabilizing sulfuric acid-based clusters. In addition, much higher CCN enhancement factor was observed in NPF-P (EFCCN: 1.6 vs. 0.7 in NPF-C) due to the regional transported of anthropogenic pollutants from the urban cluster regions and their secondary transformation under enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity. Furthermore, the duration of NPF-to-CCN conversion was quantified using a “Time Window (τ)”, revealing that polluted conditions accelerated the conversion by 17.0 % (τ = 16.4 h vs. 19.8 h). Nitrate played an important role in maintaining a rapid particle growth rate, thereby shortening τ and enhancing CCN production from NPF – a process that can ultimately influence cloud microphysical properties by increasing the potential cloud droplet number concentration. These findings reveal that polluted air masses enhance both the efficiency and speed of CCN production at the BLT through elevated atmospheric oxidation capacity.

arising from N. C. Derecki et al. Nature484, 105–109 (2012); doi:10.1038/nature10907 Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the X chromosomal gene MECP2 (ref. 1 ), and its treatment so far is symptomatic. Mecp2 disruption in mice phenocopies major features of the syndrome 2 that can be reversed after Mecp2 re-expression 3 . Recently, Derecki et al. 4 reported that transplantation of wild-type bone marrow into lethally irradiated Mecp2 -null ( Mecp2 tm1.1Jae/y ) mice prevented neurological decline and early death by restoring microglial phagocytic activity against apoptotic targets 4 , and clinical trials of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for patients with Rett syndrome have thus been initiated 5 . We aimed to replicate and extend the BMT experiments in three different Rett syndrome mouse models, but found that despite robust microglial engraftment, BMT from wild-type donors did not prevent early death or ameliorate neurological deficits. Furthermore, early and specific Mecp2 genetic expression in microglia did not rescue Mecp2 -deficient mice.