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Under the dual imperatives of air pollution control and energy conservation, this study proposes an enhanced optimization framework for combined heat and power (CHP) district heating systems based on bypass thermal storage (BTS). In contrast to conventional centralized tank-based approaches, this method leverages the dynamic hydraulic characteristics of secondary network bypass pipelines to achieve direct sensible heat storage in circulating water, significantly improving system flexibility and energy efficiency. The core innovation lies in addressing the critical yet under-explored issue of control valve dynamic response, which profoundly impacts system operational stability and economic performance. A quality regulation strategy is systematically implemented to stabilize circulation flow rates through temperature modulation by establishing a supply–demand equilibrium model under bypass conditions. To overcome the limitations of traditional feedback control in handling hydraulic transients and heat transfer dynamics in the plate heat exchanger, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework is developed, integrating a data-driven valve impedance-opening degree correlation model. This model is rigorously validated against four flow characteristics (linear, equal percentage, quick-opening, and parabolic) and critical impedance parameters (maximum/minimum controllable impedance). This study provides theoretical foundations and technical guidance for optimizing secondary network heating systems, enhancing overall system performance and stability, and promoting energy-efficient development in the heating sector.

With the high penetration of renewable energy, the imbalance between heat supply and demand is becoming increasingly severe. Installing additional heat storage bypass pipelines in the heating network can significantly enhance the heat storage capacity of the system, and regulating the supply and demand balance of heat stations can achieve a stable heat supply for users. This paper proposes a heat storage bypass configuration scheme and a dual-valve-coordinated control system. Based on the control valves’ ideal and operational flow characteristics, this paper delves into the minimum and maximum control impedance mechanisms in control valves, analyzing their impact on operational performance. Aiming at the fluctuation in the water supply temperature in the secondary pipe network (dead zone of 1%), the influence of control valve parameters on the dynamic response was systematically analyzed. The optimal parameter-matching scheme of the bypass control valve and the heat exchange control valve was finally determined through an optimization analysis. We verified its correctness based on the measured engineering data. This study improves the stability and operational efficiency of the supply and demand balance and decoupling control of the heating heat exchange unit, thereby establishing a critical technical foundation for advancing the high-efficiency integration of renewable energy sources within urban energy systems.

Bemisia tabaci is a threat to agriculture worldwide because of its potential to cause devastating damage to crops. Chlorogenic acid is a bioactive pesticidal phytochemical agent against various insect pests. We here determined the susceptibility of a laboratory strain of B. tabaci to chlorogenic acid and other popular insecticides, and the susceptibility of several field-collected populations to chlorogenic acid. Also, cross-resistance to four common insecticides was measured. Chlorogenic acid had the highest toxicity of all tested insecticides, and all the field-collected populations were susceptible to chlorogenic acid, and little cross-resistance was detected between chlorogenic acid and the other tested insecticides. Furthermore, analysis of enzyme activities and expression of P450 genes in B. tabaci after treatment with LC 50 of chlorogenic acid suggested that enhanced P450 activity could be involved in chlorogenic acid detoxification. We subsequently evaluated sublethal effects of chlorogenic acid, and found that treatment with LC 25 of chlorogenic acid prolonged duration of two developmental stages, reduced fecundity, and decreased survival rates of treated B. tabaci compared to untreated insects. Overall, these findings demonstrate strong toxicity and significant sublethal effects of chlorogenic acid on B. tabaci , and suggest that overexpression of P450 genes may be associated with chlorogenic acid detoxification.

Background Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) contributes to serious myocardial injury and even death. Therefore, prevention and mitigation of myocardial I/R is particularly important. LncRNA HOTAIR has been reported to be implicated in myocardial I/R progression. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in cardiomyocyte was explored in myocardial I/R. Methods Firstly, cell model of myocardial I/R was established through hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated utilizing flow cytometry. The corresponding test kits were conducted to monitor the levels of LDH, Caspase3 and Caspase9. The gene expression and protein levels were detected by qPCR and western blot, respectively. RNA pull-down and RIP were performed to verify the interaction between FUS and lncRNA HOTAIR. Results In AC16 cardiomyocytes treated with H/R, lncRNA HOTAIR and SIRT3 expression were obviously decreased. Overexpression of HOTAIR or SIRT3 could ameliorate H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury by promoting cell viability, lowering LDH levels, and suppressing cell apoptosis. Further, lncRNA HOTAIR upregulated the expression of SIRT3 via interacting with FUS, thereby promoting the survival of H/R-injured cardiomyocytes. Conclusion LncRNA HOTAIR can improve myocardial I/R by affecting cardiomyocyte survival through regulation of SIRT3 by binding to the RNA binding protein FUS. Highlights 1. Overexpression of HOTAIR or SIRT3 promotes H/R-induced cardiomyocyte survival. 2. LncRNA HOTAIR regulates the expression of SIRT3 by binding to FUS. 3. HOTAIR/FUS/SIRT3 axis facilitates cardiomyocyte survival under H/R treatment.

Abamectin, produced by the soil-dwelling actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis, belongs to the macrocyclic lactones class of pesticides, has nematocidal, acaricidal, and insecticidal activity, and is highly effective when used against targeted species. Bemisia tabaci, the tobacco whitefly, is a highly destructive insect to agricultural production worldwide, and various insecticide-resistant strains have been identified in China. Here, we monitored levels of resistance to abamectin in twelve field-collected B. tabaci populations from northern China, and confirmed that, compared with the lab reference strain, six field populations exhibited strong abamectin resistance, while the other six exhibited low-to-medium resistance. Among these, the Xinzheng (XZ) population displayed about a 40-fold increased resistance to abamectin, and experienced significant cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid. The abamectin resistance of XZ was found to be autosomal and incompletely dominant. Metabolic enzyme and synergism tests were conducted, and two metabolic enzymes, glutathione S-transferase and P450 monooxygenase, were found to be conducive to the field-developed abamectin resistance of the XZ population. The above results provide valuable information that can be used in identifying new pest control strategies and delaying the evolution of resistance to abamectin in field populations of whiteflies.

Background The predictive value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various tumors remains uncertain despite its use in forecasting the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The purpose of our research was to determine the prognostic significance of NLR for immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related myocarditis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We enrolled and monitored patients with NSCLC who received ICI therapy at the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 1, 2018, and February 20, 2021. NLR was determined before and soon after each cycle of ICIs. All participants in this study were periodically examined for troponin and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and an electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography were done. Cox's proportional hazards regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to assess the predictive value for ICI‐related myocarditis. Results A total of 146 patients received ICI treatment and completed a follow‐up. Of these, 17 patients (11.64%) developed ICI‐related myocarditis that met the diagnostic criteria. The initial cycle revealed that the NLR was a reliable predictor of potential myocarditis related to ICIs, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.833 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.721–0.945. Following the initial round of ICI treatment, an NLR elevation (NLR ≥ 3.25) appeared to be the most significant standalone indicator of ICI‐related myocarditis (HR: 11.094; 95% CI: 3.186–38.631; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study confirmed that NLR elevation in the early phase after ICI treatment of NSCLC is a reliable predictive factor of ICI‐related myocarditis. Regular and frequent cardiac monitoring may help to avoid the occurrence of severe and fatal cases. Our study found that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio elevation in the early phase after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment in non‐small‐cell lung cancer is a predictive factor for ICI‐related myocarditis. Regular and frequent cardiac monitoring may help to avoid the occurrence of severe and fatal cases.

Bemisia tabaci , the tobacco whitefly, is one of the most notorious agricultural sucking insect pests that severely damage a series of crops worldwide. Throughout China, B. tabaci threatens agricultural production with increasing cases of resistance to commonly used insecticides, prompting the widespread use of cyantraniliprole as an alternative to control hemipteran pests. Here, we found overexpression of the CYP4G68 gene conferring cyantraniliprole resistance using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and RNA interference (RNAi) in one lab-selected resistant strain CYAN-R (to about 80-fold higher than control). Furthermore, we measured levels of resistance to cyantraniliprole in whiteflies with 18 field-sampled populations across China and then confirmed that, among them, 14 field-sampled populations showed low-to-high resistance to cyantraniliprole compared with the susceptible strain. We measured CYP4G68 expression in the 14 field populations, and the results of qPCR and RNAi indicated that in two of these populations, Haikou and Wuhan, significant overexpression of CYP4G68 contributed to the development of field-evolved resistance to cyantraniliprole. These results indicate the need to facilitate strategies of management to delay the evolution of resistance to cyantraniliprole and control of whiteflies more sustainably, and to prevent overuse of insecticides in the environment through rational application practices.

Background Achieving an appropriate vault is the main concern after the implantation of Implantable Collamer Lens (ICLs) for surgical correction of high myopia. The vault will vary with time and optical parameters, such as accommodation and pupil size. This research is to evaluate the vault change in Myopic and Toric ICLs under different lighting conditions; and to analyze the relationship between vault changes and pupillary responses to light. Methods We enrolled and analyzed 68 eyes from 68 patients who were implanted with Myopic EVO ICLs; we also included 60 eyes from 60 patients who were implanted with Toric EVO ICLs. The anterior chamber depth, pupil size and the post-operative vault were evaluated, 1 week after the operation, using a Visante Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) under different lighting conditions. For each eye that was assessed, we calculated the vault change, which is defined as the difference between vault under mesopic condition and photopic condition; and the rate of vault change, which is defined as the vault change divided by mesopic vault. Results No significant difference was noted with the anterior chamber depth between mesopic and photopic conditions in either group. A significant decrease in vault and pupil size was detected under photopic condition in both groups. We found no difference in vault change between Myopic and Toric EVO ICLs under different lighting conditions. Moreover, the rate of vault change had a significant decrease with increased mesopic vault (baseline value). Conclusions Too low a mesopic vault has a big rate of vault change, which may cause the contact of ICL with crystalline lens in photopic state; Too high a mesopic vault would constrict the posterior movement of pupil. The findings of the study suggest that, for patients with high or low vault, we should be more careful and must perform checks in different lighting conditions.

PurposeTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) combined with vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis (MF) treatment.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We evaluated the improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in logMAR unit, the percentage of patients with improved or stabled BCVA, benefit on axial length (AL), the retinal reattachment rate, the macular hole (MH) closure rate, as well as the complication rate.ResultsFourteen studies (311 eyes) were included. Overall, patients’ BCVA improved − 0.46 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.52, − 0.40) logMAR unit, with 80% (95%CI 74%, 85%) benefiting from BCVA improvement and 6% (95%CI 3%, 10%) suffering from BCVA loss. Patients’ AL was shortened by − 1.74 (95%CI − 2.92, − 0.57) mm, and for patients whose AL was ≥ 30 mm, the average benefit reached − 3.68 (95%CI − 4.59, − 2.77) mm. Ninety-three percent (95%CI 89%, 96%) of the patients achieved retinal reattachment, and 65% (95%CI 47%, 80%) of the MH was closed. Patients’ central foveal thickness decreased; the MD was − 187.32 (95%CI − 206.25, − 168.40) mm. The pooled complication rate was 9% (95%CI 8%, 19%), with extrusion, choroidal atrophy, and choroidal neovascularization being the most common complications. Subgroup analysis indicated no statistical difference in BCVA improvement, AL change, retinal reattachment rate, and complication rate between patients with or without MH. Subgroup analysis indicated no statistical difference in the above four outcomes between the primary and the recurrent patients either. There was no statistical difference in the above four outcomes no matter ILM peeling was combined or not.ConclusionPSR combined with vitrectomy helps improve 80% MF patients’ BCVA; the average benefit on BCVA is − 0.46 logMAR unit. The average change in AL is − 1.74 mm; patients with AL ≥ 30 mm benefit much more than the patients with AL < 30 mm. The retinal reattachment rate is up to 93%; the MH closure rate is 65%. About 9% patients will suffer from extrusion, choroidal atrophy, choroidal neovascularization, and other complications. The outcomes were not influenced by presence of MH, disease recurrence, or ILM peeling.

Purpose To compare the efficacy, safety, predictability and visual quality between implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for high myopia correction in adults. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. A comprehensive literature search was done based on databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The efficacy index, safety index, changes in Snellen lines of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), predictability (difference between post-operative and attempted spherical equivalent error, SER), incidence of halos, and change in higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were compared. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate continuous outcomes, risk ratio (RR) and 95%CI was used to estimate categorical outcomes. Results Five observational studies involving 555 eyes were included in this review. Studies’ sample sizes (eyes) ranged from 76 to 197. Subjects’ refraction ranged from -6 diopter (D) to -12D. Study duration of most researches were 6 months or 12 months. Compared to SMILE, ICL implantation showed better efficacy index (MD=0.09, 95%CI:0.01 to 0.16) and better safety index (MD=0.08, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.16). Compared with SMILE, more ICL-treated eyes gained one or more Snellen lines of CDVA (RR=1.54, 95%CI:1.28 to 1.86), more gained two or more lines (RR=2.09, 95%CI:1.40 to 3.13), less lost one or more lines (RR=0.17, 95%CI:0.05 to 0.63). There was no difference in predictability between two treatments, RRs of predictability of within ±0.5D and ±1D were 1.13 (95%CI: 0.94 to 1.36) and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.98 to 1.02). Compared with SMILE, ICL implantation came with a higher risk of halos [RR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.48 to 2.16] and less increase in total HOAs (MD=-0.23, 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.03). Conclusion Compared with SMILE, ICL implantation showed a higher risk of halos, but equal performance on SER control, and better performance on efficacy index, safety index, CDVA improvement and HOAs control. Overall, ICL implantation might be a better choice for high myopia correction in adults.