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"Wang, Jing‐ying"
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Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the development of B cells in gut‐associated lymphoid tissue of BALB/c mice
[...]developmental stages of B cells, that is B220+CD43+IgM−IgD− (pro‐B), B220+CD43−IgM−IgD− (pre‐B), B220+CD43−IgM+IgD− (immature B) and B220+CD43−IgM+IgD+ (mature B), were detected in mouse BM, intestinal lamina propria (LPL) and Peyer's patches (PPs) by flow cytometry. [...]the expression levels of CD40, CD80 and MHC‐Ⅱ on B cells were detected in mouse SPL, MLN and PPs. [...]we examined the Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) level in intestinal lavage fluid and serum IgM, IgA and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) by ELISA. [...]LGG intervention can promote the development and maturation of B lymphocytes, enhance the activation and antigen‐presentation ability of B lymphocytes, and regulate the secretion of immunoglobulin by B lymphocytes. [...]LGG can regulate the mucosal immunity and humoural immunity of mice.
Journal Article
Social support status and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming city, China
Background
People living with HIV/AIDS not only require effective treatment for the alleviation of physical discomfort but also require social support to help them address difficulties in life and relieve their psychological anxiety and uneasiness. The social support network is of tremendous importance in helping people living with HIV/AIDS maintain good physical and mental health. This study aims to analyse the social support status among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming and explore associated factors.
Method
The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenience sampling to select people living with HIV/AIDS from 14 counties of Kunming. It collected information on general demographic information and social support status. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the associated factors.
Results
A total of 990 valid questionnaires were completed. Data from all participants were analysed. Univariate analysis suggested that the factors associated with social support may include marital status, monthly income, and antiretroviral therapy. On the other hand, factors including monthly income and antiretroviral therapy accounted for the social support total score in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
Social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming was generally low. This study identified a number of factors associated with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS. Based on our findings, appropriate interventions should be introduced to provide social support for those living with HIV/AIDS.
Journal Article
Preliminary analysis of the expression of ZBTB1 in human pancreatic carcinoma
Dear Editor, The transcriptional repressor Zinc Finger and BTB domain-containing protein 1 (ZBTB1) is an essential member of the BTB-ZF family and plays an important role in the development of the immune system and DNA repair. 1 The mechanisms by which ZBTB1 regulates multiple immune-related pathways involved in cancer progression have been investigated. 2 Although ZBTB1 has been indicated to be a tumour suppressor in breast cancer, its biological functions and clinical significance in other malignant tumours remain unclear. 3 Pancreatic carcinoma is a fatal malignant tumour with an increasing incidence. A score ≥8 was regarded as high expression, and a score <8 was regarded as low expression. 3,5 In this study, the mRNA expression of ZBTB1 between pancreatic carcinoma and pancreatic tissue was compared by GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). The *symbol indicates p [less than] 0.05, **indicates p [less than] 0.01 and ***indicates p [less than] 0.001 To validate the above conclusions, we next used the Oncomine Gene Expression Array database (https://www.oncomine.org/) to analyse the ZBTB1 mRNA expression level and prognosis of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. 6 In 3 data sets with a total sample size of 147, ZBTB1 was overexpressed to some extent in pancreatic carcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues (Figure 1B). The IHC score results showed that ZBTB1 protein expression in the positive lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the negative lymph node metastasis group (Figure 1G); the expression level in pancreatic carcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (Figure 1H).
Journal Article
Analysis of factors associated with dropping-out from HIV antiretroviral therapy in Kunming City, China
Background
The implementation of national antiretroviral therapy (ART) and expanded ART policies results in that more and more HIV-infected patients receive ART in Kunming, Yunnan province, China. At the same time, however, the number of patients, who drop-out from ART, are also increasing. In this study, we explored the factors that may account for drop-out.
Methods
Four hundred and thirty-nine HIV-infected patients, who received or used to receive ART, were recruited in this study. Their age is among 18 and 75. All patients were divided into two group: ART group (187 patients) and drop-out group (252 patients). Appropriate bio-statistics analysis, including univariate analysis and Multivariate analysis, were used to identify factors associated with drop-out.
Results
Data from all patients were analyzed. Univariate analysis suggested that the factors associated with drop-out may include age, residential area, educational level, occupation, monthly income, the access to minimum living allowance, HIV transmission route, and living status. On the other hand, factors including area, monthly income, the access to minimum living allowance, and referral methods of follow-up institutions account for drop-out in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
This study identified a number of factors associated with drop out from ART. Based on our findings,appropriate interventions should be introduced decrease drop-out.
Journal Article
Serum Glutathione and Malondialdehyde Levels as Predictors of Early Neurological Deficits and Short-Term Outcomes in Acute Cerebral Infarction
This study investigates the association between serum glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and early neurological deficits and short-term outcomes in individuals with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). The study included 114 patients with ACI within 48 hours of symptom onset, between January and August 2023, alongside 96 healthy individuals as a control group. Neurological deficits were assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), classifying deficits as mild (<5) or moderate to severe (≥5). Associations between GSH and MDA levels with early neurological deficits were analyzed. Short-term prognosis, assessed three months post-discharge using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), was examined in relation to GSH and MDA levels in patients with ACI. Independent predictors of neurological deficits and short-term outcomes were identified through binary logistic regression analysis. Compared to the control group, patients with ACI had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Additionally, elevated levels of MDA, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels were observed, whereas GSH and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower. Among those with moderate to severe ACI, levels of CRP, MDA, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, and D-dimer levels were higher compared to mild ACI, while HDL and GSH levels were significantly lower. Low serum GSH levels and elevated MDA levels are associated with early neurological deficits and short-term prognosis in ACI, serving as independent risk factors for adverse prognosis. The combined assessment of MDA, infarct volume, and LDL provides enhanced predictive value for adverse prognosis in patients with ACI.
Journal Article
Simvastatin induces estrogen receptor-alpha expression in bone, restores bone loss, and decreases ERα expression and uterine wet weight in ovariectomized rats
We previously reported that simvastatin induces estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) in murine bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effect of simvastatin on ERα expression in bone and uterus in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and evaluated bone mass, bone strength, and uterine wet weight. Three-month-old Sprague–Dawley female rats received OVX or sham operation. Six weeks later, the rats were treated orally with simvastatin (5 or 10 mg/kg/day), or intraperitoneally with 17-β-estradiol (E
2
) or a combination of simvastatin and E
2
for 6 weeks. Uterine wet weight, bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae, biomechanics of lumbar vertebrae, and induction of ERα expression in the bone and uterus were analyzed. The 6-week simvastatin treatment improved lumbar vertebral BMD and boosted biomechanical performance of the vertebral body compared to the OVX control, suggesting that simvastatin can treat osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency. More interestingly, simvastatin could increase ERα expression and synergy with estradiol in bone while antagonizing estradiol in the uterus, along with uterus atrophy and uterine wet weight decreases. In conclusion, these data suggest that simvastatin exert opposing modulatory effects on ERα expression on bone and uterus in ovariectomized rats, inducing ERα expression and synergy with estrogen to perform anabolic effects on the bones while decreasing E2 efficacy and uterine wet weight. This finding may be helpful to explain the mechanism of statin treatment in osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency.
Journal Article
Helicopter Maneuver Flight Simulation and Control Law Design
This paper presents a solution to helicopter maneuver flight simulation according to ADS33 flying qualities requirement standard. Associated with aerodynamics and control law design methodology, the proposed scheme achieved satisfactory control performance by analyzing helicopter attitude and control parameter variation law at certain operating condition. To level flight acceleration, method based on force and moment balance is analyzed. To pirouette maneuver, a segment linear approximated trajectory is developed for attitude and velocity stability. All objective function is based on minimizing position error and attitude error. For a single rotor four bladed model helicopter in pirouette maneuver, experimental results certified its efficiency.
Journal Article
Anti-Tumor Effects of Carrimycin and Monomeric Isovalerylspiramycin I on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Vitro and in Vivo
Hepatocellular carcinoma results in a high risk of second primary malignancies and has prominent morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of effective treatment and prognosis is poor. Therefore, effective drugs need to be discovered. Carrimycin is a 16-member macrolide antibiotic with anticancer activity, and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I is a main component. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-tumor effects of carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I on hepatocellular carcinoma through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro , changes in cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT, colony formation, EdU labeling, wound-healing, matrigel transwell invasion, and flow cytometric assays using SK-Hep1, Hep3B, SNU-354, SNU-387 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the effects of carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I on the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Nude mice were subcutaneously transplanted with SK-Hep1 cells or C57BL/6J mice were orthotopically transplanted with hepatocarcinoma H22 cells. Tumor volume, pathological changes in tumor tissues, and the concentration of VEGF in mouse serum were measured after treatments. Carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I dose-dependently inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell viability, colony formation, and DNA replication. These agents markedly suppressed migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis of the cell lines. Western blotting and RT-PCR demonstrated that carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I reduced VEGF and PD-L1 protein and mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies further confirmed that carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I could significantly inhibit tumor growth, tumor histopathological alterations, and the concentration of VEGF in both mouse tumor models. These results show that carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Therefore, our discovery suggests anti-tumor capacity for carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I and provides data on potential new drugs for inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal Article
Delayed Chronic Acidic Postconditioning Improves Poststroke Motor Functional Recovery and Brain Tissue Repair by Activating Proton-Sensing TDAG8
Acidic postconditioning by transient CO
2
inhalation applied within minutes after reperfusion has neuroprotective effects in the acute phase of stroke. However, the effects of delayed chronic acidic postconditioning (DCAPC) initiated during the subacute phase of stroke or other acute brain injuries are unknown. Mice received daily DCAPC by inhaling 5%/10%/20% CO
2
for various durations (three cycles of 10- or 20-min CO
2
inhalation/10-min break) at days 3–7, 7–21, or 3–21 after photothrombotic stroke. Grid-walk, cylinder, and gait tests were used to assess motor function. DCAPC with all CO
2
concentrations significantly promoted motor functional recovery, even when DCAPC was delayed for 3–7 days. DCAPC enhanced the puncta density of GAP-43 (a marker of axon growth and regeneration) and synaptophysin (a marker of synaptogenesis) and reduced the amoeboid microglia number, glial scar thickness and mRNA expression of CD16 and CD32 (markers of proinflammatory M1 microglia) compared with those of the stroke group. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) increased in response to DCAPC. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of TDAG8 (a proton-activated G-protein-coupled receptor) was increased during the subacute phase of stroke, while DCAPC effects were blocked by systemic knockout of TDAG8, except for those on CBF. DCAPC reproduced the benefits by re-expressing TDAG8 in the peri-infarct cortex of TDAG8-/- mice infected with HBAAV2/9-CMV-TDAG8-3flag-ZsGreen. Taken together, we first showed that DCAPC promoted functional recovery and brain tissue repair after stroke with a wide therapeutic time window of at least 7 days after stroke. Brain-derived TDAG8 is a direct target of DCAPC that induces neuroreparative effects.
Journal Article