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Finding new high-energy-density materials with desired properties has been intensely-pursued in recent decades. However, the contradictory relationship between high energy and low mechanical sensitivity makes the innovation of insensitive high-energy-density materials an enormous challenge. Here, we show how a materials genome approach can be used to accelerate the discovery of new insensitive high-energy explosives by identification of “genetic” features, rapid molecular design, and screening, as well as experimental synthesis of a target molecule, 2,4,6-triamino-5-nitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxide. This as-synthesized energetic compound exhibits a graphite-like layered crystal structure with a high measured density of 1.95 g cm −3 , high thermal decomposition temperature of 284 °C, high detonation velocity of 9169 m s −1 , and extremely low mechanical sensitivities (impact sensitivity, >60 J and friction sensitivity, >360 N). Besides the considered system of six-member aromatic and hetero-aromatic rings, this materials genome approach can also be applicable to the development of new high-performing energetic materials. The synthesis of explosive materials that are stable, highly dense, and have low sensitivity to external stimuli is a challenge. Here, the authors use a genomic approach to accelerate the discovery of insensitive high explosive molecules with good detonation and low sensitivity properties.

Energetic metal–organic frameworks (E-MOFs) have recently emerged as a promising strategy to address the long-standing challenge of reconciling energy and sensitivity in energetic materials. Nitrogen-rich compounds, with their abundant nitrogen atoms and superior enthalpy of formation, are particularly beneficial for forming multiple coordination bonds while simultaneously elevating the energy content. This makes them ideal ligand molecules for constructing E-MOFs. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural design of a novel series of E-MOFs, constructed from the nitrogen-rich energetic ligand BNTA and a range of alkali metals (Na–Rb, compounds 2–5). The research indicates that the synthesized E-MOFs exhibit high thermal stability and low sensitivity. Specifically, Compound 3 displays a high decomposition temperature of 285 °C, with impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity values exceeding 40 J and 360 N, respectively. Moreover, Compound 3 also exhibits excellent computational detonation performance. Significantly, this study demonstrates how the aromatic character, coordination chemistry, and intermolecular interactions work synergistically to enhance the stability and safety of E-MOFs, thereby establishing fundamental criteria for engineering the next generation of energetic frameworks.

Plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) can form a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with host plants, analyzing the ability of endophytic bacteria of to promote growth and improve the rhizosphere environment and exploring the influence of dominant endophytic bacteria on the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the three endophytic bacteria strains by a field experiment. The single endophytic bacterial strain and combination of every two bacterial strains were used for irrigating the rhizosphere of four times, and related indicators and rhizosphere soil of were measured. We screened out the dominant treatment groups based on the total active biomass of and analyzed microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil in dominant treatment groups. The results showed that endophyte treatments had significant effects on growth and physiology of , in which T11-28 and BC00 had the most significant effect on the dry weight of the aboveground part and underground part, respectively. The endophyte treatments had different effects on the content of active ingredients, rhizosphere soil chemical properties, and enzyme activities of , with BC00 promoting indigo and indirubin in leaves most significantly and BV11 promoting epigoitrin in roots most effectively. Total active biomass was calculated as the product of active ingredient content and biomass per plant. Based on this parameter, BC00 was the dominant treatment group, and the analysis of the diversity of its rhizosphere soil flora revealed that BC00 was able to enrich , , and other plant-growth-friendly flora. In the comprehensive analysis, the treatments of three endophytic bacterial strains of had significant promotion effects on its growth physiology and active ingredients and had obvious improvement effects on the rhizosphere environment, among which BC00 had the best comprehensive effect, which was associated with alterations in the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure.

Herein, a first example of energetic-energetic cocrystal polymorphs with a 1:1 M ratio was discovered by cocrystallizing CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane) with 1,3-DNP (1,3-dinitropyrazole). These two energetic cocrystal polymorphs (cocrystal 1 and cocrystal 2) exhibit distinct crystal packing styles, which lead to significant variations in their physicochemical properties. Notably, cocrystal 2 has a high density of 1.963 g⋅cm−3 at 170 K, exhibiting high detonation performances (9187 m⋅s−1; 38.68 GPa) comparable to HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) meanwhile displaying an improved safety (10 J) relative to RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane), making it a potential high-energy, low-sensitivity energetic material. This work opens up a new strategy to deeply tune properties of energetic materials by constructing energetic-energetic cocrystal polymorphs. These energetic cocrystal polymorphs represent a new field of energetic materials that has not yet been studied. The first example of energetic-energetic cocrystal polymorphs was discovered by cocrystallizing CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane) with 1,3-DNP (1,3-dinitropyrazole). These energetic-energetic cocrystal polymorphs represent a new field of energetic materials that has not yet been studied. [Display omitted]

Salinity is a major abiotic factor affecting plant growth and secondary metabolism. However, no information is available about its effects on Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., a traditional Chinese herb. Here, we investigated the changes of plant growth, antioxidant capacity, glandular trichome density, and volatile exudates of S. tenuifolia exposed to salt stress (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mM NaCl). Results showed that its dry biomass was reduced by salt treatments except 25 mM NaCl. Contents of antioxidants, including phenolics and flavonoids, increased at low (25 mM) or moderate (50 mM) levels, but declined at severe (75 and 100 mM) levels. On leaf surfaces, big peltate and small capitate glandular trichomes (GTs) were found. Salt treatments, especially at moderate and severe concentrations, enhanced the density of total GTs on both leaf sides. The most abundant compound in GT volatile exudates was pulegone. Under salinity, relative contents of this component and other monoterpenes decreased significantly; biosynthesis and accumulation of esters were enhanced, particularly sulfurous acid,2-ethylhexyl hexyl ester, which became the second major compound as salinity increased. In conclusion, salt stress significantly influenced the growth and secondary metabolism of S. tenuifolia, enabling us to study the changes of its pharmacological activities.

With the increase in the demand for high‐performance composite explosives, the search for advanced energetic melt‐castable compounds has attracted increasing attention in the field of energetic materials. Herein, two new energetic materials with nitromethyl and azidomethyl substituents (1‐(nitromethyl)‐3,4‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazole (NMDNP) and 1‐(azidomethyl)‐3,4‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazole (AMDNP) were prepared by the substituent modification of a potential melt‐castable molecule ((3,4‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl) methyl nitrate, MC‐4), respectively. NMDNP exhibited a suitable melting point (90 °C), good thermal stability ( T d : 185 °C) and excellent detonation performance (8484 m s −1 ) and impact sensitivity (25 J), thereby demonstrating promise as an energetic melt‐castable material. Simultaneously, compared with the nitrato‐methyl and azidomethyl substituents, the nitromethyl substituent exhibited greater advantages in regulating performance.