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In this article, we present a scheme for solving two-dimensional hyperbolic equation using an expanded mixed finite element method. To solve the resulting nonlinear expanded mixed finite element system more efficiently, we propose a two-step two-grid algorithm. Numerical stability and error estimate are proved on both the coarse grid and fine grid. It is shown that the two-grid method can achieve asymptotically optimal approximation as long as the coarse grid size and the fine grid size satisfy ( ), where is the degree of the approximating space for the primary variable. Numerical experiment is presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method.

With success of Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) in computer vision, DBN has attracted great attention in hyperspectral classification. Many deep learning based algorithms have been focused on deep feature extraction for classification improvement. Multi-features, such as texture feature, are widely utilized in classification process to enhance classification accuracy greatly. In this paper, a novel hyperspectral classification framework based on an optimal DBN and a novel texture feature enhancement (TFE) is proposed. Through band grouping, sample band selection and guided filtering, the texture features of hyperspectral data are improved. After TFE, the optimal DBN is employed on the hyperspectral reconstructed data for feature extraction and classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed classification framework outperforms some state-of-the-art classification algorithms, and it can achieve outstanding hyperspectral classification performance. Furthermore, our proposed TFE method can play a significant role in improving classification accuracy.

Restoring degraded underwater images is a challenging ill-posed problem. The existing prior-based approaches have limited performance in many situations due to the reliance on handcrafted features. In this paper, we propose an effective convolutional neural network (CNN) for underwater image restoration. The proposed network consists of two paralleled branches: a transmission estimation network (T-network) and a global ambient light estimation network (A-network); in particular, the T-network employs cross-layer connection and multi-scale estimation to prevent halo artifacts and to preserve edge features. The estimates produced by these two branches are leveraged to restore the clear image according to the underwater optical imaging model. Moreover, we develop a new underwater image synthesizing method for building the training datasets, which can simulate images captured in various underwater environments. Experimental results based on synthetic and real images demonstrate that our restored underwater images exhibit more natural color correction and better visibility improvement against several state-of-the-art methods.

Purpose This large, single-center, retrospective cohort study was aimed to explore the effect of female body mass index (BMI) on ectopic pregnancy (EP) following fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfers (ET). Methods A total of 27,600 pregnancies after fresh ET and 14,762 pregnancies after frozen-thawed ET were included between January 2010 to June 2022. Women were divided into three groups based on BMI according to the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC), International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI): underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 ), normal weight (BMI, 18.5–23.9 kg/m 2 ), and overweight or obesity (≥ 24 kg/m 2 ). Compare EP rates among BMI categories in fresh and frozen-thawed ET cycles respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between female BMI and EP. Results The overall EP rates in fresh, and frozen thawed transfer cycles were 2.43% (672/27,600) and 2.82% (417/14,762), respectively. In fresh ET cycles, underweight women yielded a significantly higher EP rate than those with normal and excess weight (3.29% vs. 2.29% vs. 2.54%, P  = 0.029). But EP rates did not differ among the three BMI groups (2.72% vs. 2.76% vs. 2.96%, P  = 0.782) in frozen-thawed ET cycles. In fresh ET cycles, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, no significant association was found between female BMI and EP occurrence (adjusted OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.70–1.37, P  = 0.894, for BMI 18.5–23.9 kg/m 2 ; adjusted OR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.75–1.06, P  = 0.205, for BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2 . Reference = BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 ). Conclusion(s) Female BMI did not affect the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy in either fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.

The present study aimed to select anti‐tumor‐associated antigen (TAA) autoantibodies as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) by the recursive partitioning approach (RPA) and further construct and evaluate a predictive model. A case‐control study was designed including 407 GAC patients as the case group and 407 normal controls. In addition, 67 serial serum samples from 25 GAC patients were collected at different time points before and after gastrectomy treatment. Autoantibodies against 14 TAA were measured in sera from all subjects by enzyme immunoassay. Finally, RPA resulted in the selection of nine‐panel TAA (c‐Myc, p16, HSPD1, PTEN, p53, NPM1, ENO1, p62, HCC1.4) from all detected TAA in the case‐control study; the classification tree based on this nine‐TAA panel had area under curve (AUC) of 0.857, sensitivity of 71.5% and specificity of 71.3%; The optimal panel also can identify GAC patients at an early stage from normal individuals, with AUC of 0.737, sensitivity of 64.9% and specificity of 70.5%. However, frequencies of the nine autoantibodies showed no correlation with GAC stage, tumor size, lymphatic metastasis or differentiation. GAC patients positive for more than two autoantibodies in the nine‐TAA panel had a worse prognosis than that of the GAC patients positive for no or one antibody. Titers of 10 autoantibodies in serial serum samples were significantly higher in GAC patients after surgical resection than before. In conclusion, this study showed that the panel of nine multiple TAAs could enhance the detection of anti‐TAA antibodies in GAC, and may be potential prognostic biomarkers in GAC. Recursive partitioning approach (RPA) is a powerful method for selecting markers in cancer and a panel selected by RPA showed high diagnostic values for gastric adenocarcinoma. Antibody levels showed no correlation with tumor stage, size, or differentiation. Certain anti‐TAA antibodies increased after gastrectomy in gastric adenocarcinoma sera.

Background In recent years, the prevalence of sarcopenia has risen, frequently arising as a complication of other diseases and contributing to poor prognoses. Nonetheless, public awareness of this condition remains limited. Concurrently, video platforms such as BiliBili and TikTok, which reach billions of users worldwide, have become major channels for disseminating and accessing health information. This study systematically evaluates the quality and reliability of sarcopenia-related short videos on these two platforms and underscores the public health significance of this content. Methods We conducted searches on October 3, 2025, using the keyword “sarcopenia” on the video-sharing platforms BiliBili and TikTok, ultimately collecting 256 relevant videos. After extracting basic information, we assessed the quality and reliability of each video using the Global Quality Score (GQS) for general quality and the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) instrument for informational reliability. Results Compared to BiliBili, TikTok showed significantly higher engagement metrics for likes, comments, shares, and views (all p * < 0.05, with rank-biserial r effect sizes ranging from − 0.40 to -0.53), whereas no significant difference was observed for favorites ( p * = 0.168, rank-biserial r = -0.10). The median (interquartile range) of GQS and mDISCERN scores were both 3.00 (2.00–3.00) on BiliBili, while 3.00 (3.00–4.00) and 4.00 (3.00–4.00) on TikTok. Moreover, it was observed that videos from physicians in related fields and patient-shared videos both scored highly on TikTok; however, patient videos were very few ( n  = 3), so this difference is not generalizable. Spearman correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between video variables and the scores of GQS and mDISCERN. Conclusion Videos on the TikTok platform are of higher quality and reliability, and also exhibit stronger engagement. Moreover, videos uploaded by medical professionals generally have better quality than those from other sources, but they account for a low percentage. People should exercise caution when perusing videos about sarcopenia.

Background To describe a 14-year-old male with probable ocular sarcoidosis and bilateral peripapillary choroidal neovascularization (PCNV). Case presentation We report a case of a 14-year-old boy with a 2-month history of floaters and gradual vision loss in both eyes. Examination revealed bilateral granulomatous uveitis with peripapillary subretinal lesions. The serum angiotensin-converting enzyme was elevated. Positron emission tomography demonstrated increased metabolic activity in the nasopharynx and small intestine, consistent with diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Despite resolution of vitreous cells and retinal vasculitis, the PCNV progressed slowly in the left eye, which was controlled with combined treatment of immunomodulatory regiment and multiple intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections over a prolonged period. Conclusions This case highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up in pediatric ocular sarcoidosis with PCNV.

Background TGF-β-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2) is a transcription regulator that is phosphorylated by EGFR/ERK signaling. However, the functions of phosphorylated (p)-TGIF2 in cancer are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of p-TGIF2 in promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the role of TGIF2 in LUAD EMT and metastasis. Dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were employed to observe the direct transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin by TGIF2 and HDAC1. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to identify the interaction between TGIF2 and HDAC1. Results Downregulating the expression of TGIF2 inhibited LUAD cell migration, EMT and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of TGIF2 by EGFR/ERK signaling was required for TGIF2-promoted LUAD EMT and metastasis since phosphorylation-deficient TGIF2 mutant lost these functions. Phosphorylation of TGIF2 was necessary to recruit HDAC1 to the E-cadherin promoter sequence and subsequently suppress E-cadherin transcription. Meanwhile, inhibition of HDAC1 repressed the TGIF2 phosphorylation-induced migration and EMT of LUAD cells. In xenograft mouse models, both inhibition of ERK and HDAC1 could significantly inhibited TGIF2-enhanced metastasis. Furthermore, TGIF2-positive staining was significantly correlated with E-cadherin-negative staining in human lung cancer specimens. Conclusions Our study reveals the novel function of p-TGIF2 in promoting EMT and metastasis in LUAD; p-TGIF2 could be a potential therapeutic target to inhibit LUAD metastasis.

Background The potential effects of hyperandrogenism (HA) on pregnancy outcomes among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients are still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of HA on miscarriage rate after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment in PCOS patients. Methods Women diagnosed with PCOS who underwent the first autologous IVF/ICSI cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) protocols for ovarian stimulation during the period from January 2016 to December 2022 were included. Women were divided into the HA and non-HA group according to Hyperandrogenemia (serum testosterone level > 0.48 ng/mL), and/or the presence of hirsutism. Pregnancy outcomes were compared before and after propensity-score matching (PSM). Multiple logistic regression models were performed to demonstrate the independent impact of HA on pregnancy outcomes. Results A total of 3066 patients were included. PCOS women with HA experienced a notably higher rates of late spontaneous miscarriage (LSM) as compared to those without HA before and after PSM (8.8% versus 3.5%, P  < 0.001; 8.9% versus 3.9%, P  = 0.001, respectively), but comparable rates of clinical pregnancy, early spontaneous miscarriage, and live birth. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, the logistic regression confirmed that HA was independently associated with the increased risk of LSM (adjusted OR: 2.540, 95% confidence interval: 1.326–4.672, P  = 0.003). For the specific reasons for LSM, cervical insufficiency accounted for a larger proportion in women with HA than their counterparts without HA (15/32 versus 7/33, P  = 0.029). Conclusions Androgen excess is postulated to play a role in late miscarriage via increased likelihood of cervical insufficiency. Trial registration N/A.

The aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive serological diagnostic approach in identifying and evaluating a panel of candidate autoantibodies to tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) based on protein microarray technology for early detection of ovarian cancer (OC). Protein microarray based on 154 proteins encoded by 138 cancer driver genes was used to screen candidate anti‐TAA autoantibodies in a discovery cohort containing 17 OC and 27 normal controls (NC). Indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the content of candidate anti‐TAA autoantibodies in sera from 140 subjects in the training cohort. Differential anti‐TAA autoantibodies were further validated in the validation cohort with 328 subjects. Subsequently, 112 sera from the patients with ovarian benign diseases with 104 OC sera and 104 NC sera together were recruited to identify the specificity of representative autoantibodies to OC among ovarian diseases. Five TAAs (GNAS, NPM1, FUBP1, p53, and KRAS) were screened out in the discovery phase, in which four of them presented higher levels in OC than controls (P < .05) in the training cohort, which was consistent with the result in the subsequent validation cohort. An optimized panel of three anti‐TAA (GNAS, p53, and NPM1) autoantibodies was identified to have relatively high sensitivity (51.2%), specificity (86.0%), and accuracy (68.6%), respectively. This panel can identify 51% of OC patients with CA125 negative. This study supports our assumption that anti‐TAA autoantibodies can be considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers for detection of OC; especially a panel of three anti‐TAA autoantibodies could be a good tool in immunodiagnosis of OC. We developed a noninvasive serological diagnostic approach of ovarian cancer (OC). Autoantibodies can be considered as potential biomarkers for the detection of OC. A panel of three anti‐TAA (GNAS, p53, and NPM1) autoantibodies was identified.