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"Wang, Libin"
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Large-area high-quality 2D ultrathin Mo2C superconducting crystals
Transition metal carbides (TMCs) are a large family of materials with many intriguing properties and applications, and high-quality 2D TMCs are essential for investigating new physics and properties in the 2D limit. However, the 2D TMCs obtained so far are chemically functionalized, defective nanosheets having maximum lateral dimensions of ∼10 μm. Here we report the fabrication of large-area high-quality 2D ultrathin α-Mo
2
C crystals by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The crystals are a few nanometres thick, over 100 μm in size, and very stable under ambient conditions. They show 2D characteristics of superconducting transitions that are consistent with Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless behaviour and show strong anisotropy with magnetic field orientation; moreover, the superconductivity is also strongly dependent on the crystal thickness. Our versatile CVD process allows the fabrication of other high-quality 2D TMC crystals, such as ultrathin WC and TaC crystals, which further expand the large family of 2D materials.
Chemical vapour deposition is used to grow stable, ultrathin crystals of α-Mo
2
C and other transition metal carbides with lateral size up to 100 μm. α-Mo
2
C shows a superconducting behaviour with 2D character, strongly dependent on the crystal thickness.
Journal Article
Global, regional and national burden of liver cancer 1990–2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
Background
Liver cancer is a growing global health issue, with significant geographical disparities in prevalence and mortality. Understanding these differences is key to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Methods
We analyzed liver cancer trends from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. We modeled mortality from vital registration data and estimated non-fatal burden using primary studies, hospital discharges, and claims data. We calculated prevalence, mortality, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs, adjusting for age and reporting rates per 100,000 population with 95% UI.
Findings
In 2021, there were 739,299 (673114–821948) cases of liver cancer worldwide. The age-standardized prevalence rate increased from (7.75 [6.91–8.43] per 100,000 people) in 1990 to (8.68[7.90–9.67] per 100,000 people) in 2021, while the mortality rate slightly decreased from(4.48 [4.10–4.93] per 100,000 people) to (6.13 [5.58–6.84] per 100,000 people). High-income North America had the highest prevalence rate, and Southern Latin America had the lowest. Mongolia had the highest prevalence and mortality rates, while Morocco had the lowest. The total YLDs attributed to liver cancer nearly tripled from 1990 to 2021, and the age-standardized DALY rate decreased. In the frontier analysis, countries or regions with higher SDI have greater potential for burden improvement. In the frontier analysis of SDI and age-standardized liver cancer DALY rates in 2021, countries with higher SDI (> 0.85) and higher effective differences relative to their level of development include America, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, etc., while frontier countries with lower SDI (< 0.5) and lower effective differences include Somalia, Papua New Guinea, Yemen, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, etc. Countries with larger effective differences include Togo, Gambia, Australia, Norway, etc.
Conclusion
The global burden of liver cancer is decreasing, but the prevalence of liver cancer is increasing, with significant differences across regions worldwide. These findings can inform health policy and research to address this global challenge.
Interpretation
From 1990 to 2021, the incidence of liver cancer in many regions has increased significantly, which is expected to impose a huge social and economic burden on governments and health systems in the coming years. Our research findings may assist policymakers in devising strategies to combat liver cancer, including educating professionals to address the burden of this complex disease.
Journal Article
Research on the contact characteristics of rocker arm gears in shearer under lubrication containing coal powder impurities
To study the contact characteristics of the shearer rocker arm gear transmission system under lubrication containing coal powder impurities, the MG500/1130 shearer rocker arm transmission system was selected as the research object, and a gear elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model was constructed based on Hertz–Reynolds theory. Considering the impact of coal powder impurities on the viscosity of the lubricant, the kinematic viscosity of coal powder-laden lubricant was measured under different coal powder particle sizes, concentration ratios, and temperatures using a mixed orthogonal experimental method. A polynomial fitting method was employed to establish the functional relationship between particle size, concentration ratio, temperature, and viscosity of the lubricant. A multi-software collaborative simulation approach was used to construct a simulation model of the shearer rocker arm gear transmission system, analyzing the effects of coal powder-laden lubricant with different particle sizes and concentration ratios on gear contact stress and lubricant film thickness. The results indicate that, under four different conditions of coal powder particle size and concentration, the maximum contact stress of the Z1 gear in the rocker arm transmission system ranged from 1134 to 1177 MPa. As the particle size and concentration of coal powder increased, the maximum contact stress of the Z1 gear showed a decreasing trend. Additionally, under the same coal powder particle size and concentration, the contact stress of the gears near the output end was significantly higher than that of the gears near the input end. The minimum lubricant film thickness during gear meshing under the four conditions varied between 0.08 μm and 0.26 μm. Furthermore, the coal powder particle size and concentration in the lubricant were positively correlated with the lubricant film thickness: larger particle sizes and higher concentrations resulted in greater minimum lubricant film thickness. These findings provide theoretical support for improving the reliability of the shearer rocker arm transmission system.
Journal Article
High isolation MIMO antenna based on metasurface for linear-circular polarization conversion and decoupling
A multi-layer metasurface (MTS) design is proposed in this paper, which simultaneously enables linear-to-circular (LTC) polarization conversion and decoupling functionality for a 3 × 3 antenna array.The antenna operates in the sub-6 GHz frequency band. By optimizing the multi-layer MTS structure, the polarization conversion layer and isolation layer work together to suppress inter-element coupling (isolation > 20 dB) while efficiently converting linearly polarized (LP) signals into circularly polarized (CP) signals (axial ratio(AR) < 3 dB), and achieving a relative bandwidth (BW) of 3.5%. The antenna array design, when integrated with the MTS structure, achieves both decoupling and LTC polarization conversion in the E-planes and H-planes, and its periodic structure facilitates scalability to larger arrays.
Journal Article
Preparation of Microlens Array Using Excimer Laser Motion Mask
In order to optimize the preparation process of microlens arrays, improve preparation efficiency, and reduce preparation costs, 248 nm KrF excimer laser direct writing is combined with a motion mask to prepare microlens arrays on PMMA substrates. Firstly, a specific exposure mask based on the contour characteristics of the microlens unit was designed, and the preparation principle was analyzed. Using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3 simulation software, a microlens preparation model was built to intuitively describe the process of preparing microlenses by the motion mask method. Secondly, a preparation system was built, and the laser processing technology was optimized. Finally, microlens arrays were prepared based on the optimized process, and an optical microscope and white-light interferometer were used to observe their morphology. The experimental results show that this method can effectively prepare cylindrical and circular microlens arrays. The width of the cylindrical microlens array unit exceeded 90 μm, the height was 7.08 μm, and the roughness was 0.09 μm. The diameter of the circular microlens array unit was φ100 μm, the height was 4 μm, and the curvature radius was 230 μm. The geometric dimensions of the mask can be adjusted to obtain microlens units of the desired size, achieving personalized preparation of microlens arrays. The excimer laser motion mask method can prepare various types of microlens arrays, and the array units have a high consistency and high surface quality, which helps to improve the efficiency, flexibility, stability, and specificity of microlens array preparation.
Journal Article
Computational exploration of Eucommia ulmoides flavonoids as potential RANKL inhibitors via molecular docking and dynamics simulations
Osteoporosis, characterized by excessive osteoclast activation, is mediated through the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling axis. While flavonoids from
Eucommia ulmoides
(EU) have demonstrated anti-osteoclastogenic activity, their atomic-level mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated six EU-derived flavonoids (cyrtominetin, quercetin, syringetin, genistein, ombuin, and kaempferol) targeting RANKL using integrated computational approaches. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities (Total_Score > 4.0) for all compounds, with cyrtominetin exhibiting the highest affinity (-50.205 kJ/mol via MM-PBSA), primarily through hydrogen bonds with Gly178, His180, Lys181, and Asn295. Moreover, most flavonoids interacted with RANKL by forming strong hydrogen bonds with Gly178 and Asn295, exhibiting higher binding affinity that was identified as essential for the activity. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns) confirmed complex stability, demonstrating: low RMSD fluctuations (< 4.0 Å) and compact Rg values (16.0–17.0 Å). Notably, binding free energy decomposition identified both electrostatic and van der Waals contributions as critical for stabilization. These results identify cyrtominetin as a promising lead compound for RANKL inhibition, providing structural insights for designing flavonoid-based therapeutics against osteoporosis.
Journal Article
A Novel Method for Rapid Screening of Salmonidae Ingredients and Accurate Detection of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Simultaneously Using Duplex Real-Time PCR Coupled with Melting Curve Analysis
The substitution of ingredients with Salmonidae, particularly Salmo salar, has led to widespread reports of financial losses and health risks globally, emphasizing the urgent need for the development of a rapid and precise method for species identification. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel method for the rapid screening of Salmonidae ingredients and the accurate detection of S. salar simultaneously using multiplex real-time PCR coupled with melting curve analysis. Specifically, primer sets specific for S. salar and Salmonidae were cross-confirmed. Moreover, the reaction system and conditions of a real-time duplex PCR were optimized, and the proposed methodology was verified, proving that the assay has good specificity and sensitivity. Clear and distinguishable melting peaks, with expected Tm values of around 80 °C (S. salar) and 84 °C (Salmonidae), were observed for twelve products, proving the presence of S. salar. However, four products were not derived from S. salar, but they could have belonged to another species within the Salmonidae family due to the presence of only one specific melting peak at a Tm value of about 84 °C. Therefore, the novel assay in the present study allows for the fast and accurate screening of Salmonidae ingredients and the detection of S. salar simultaneously.
Journal Article
Generalized lymphatic anomaly in a pediatric patient manifesting as a rare presentation of hemorrhagic pleural effusion: a case report
Background
Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA) is a rare congenital lymphatic malformation (LM) characterized by multiple infiltrating lymphangiomas in various tissues. Owing to its rarity, information on this disease is obtained mainly through case reports, leading to delayed diagnosis. In this study, we reported a case of generalized lymphatic anomaly in a pediatric patient manifesting as hemorrhagic pleural effusion.
Case presentation
A 6-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, shortness of breath, chronic cough with yellow sputum production, and diminished respiration accompanied by pleural effusion. Imaging revealed significant left-sided pleural effusion with mediastinal involvement, left lung atelectasis, and multiple cystic lesions in both liver and spleen. Thoracoscopic exploration was conducted in response to her active intrathoracic bleeding, which identified a persistently hemorrhagic mass in the left mediastinum. The mass in the left mediastinum was removed, and pathological examination confirmed hyperplasia and expansion of the papillary endothelial cells within the lymphatic vessels. After intensive anti-infection therapy and symptomatic and supportive treatment, the patient’s condition improved significantly. The regular outpatient follow-ups were continued until July 2024. Subsequent positron emission tomography (PET)CT at another hospital revealed multiple skeletal lesions in the limbs. Following treatment with sirolimus, no recurrence of pleural effusion was observed, and the patient’s condition remained stable.
Conclusion
In patients with generalized lymphatic anomalies (GLAs), involvement of the thoracic cavity may lead to hemorrhagic pleural effusion, thereby broadening the landscape of GLA phenotypic presentations. Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of complete radiological evaluation of susceptible patients with GLA to avoid diagnostic delay in this morbid condition. We also review recently discovered genetic changes underlying lymphatic anomaly development and the progress of treatment.
Journal Article
Genome-wide analysis of polygalacturonase gene family from pear genome and identification of the member involved in pear softening
Background
Polygalacturonase (PG), as an important hydrolase participating in the degradation of pectin, plays an important role in softening process of fruit. However, information on
PG
gene family in pear genome and the specific member involved in fruit softening is still rudimentary.
Results
In this study, a total of 61
PG
genes, which could be divided into six subclasses, were identified from the pear genome with diverse chromosome locations, gene structures, motifs and
cis
-acting elements. Most
PbrPGs
were derived from WGD/segmental duplication blocks, and purifying selection was the main driving force for their expansion. The expression profiles of
PbrPGs
in pear were tissue/development-stage/cultivar-dependent. During ‘Housui’ pear storage, associated with the reduction of firmness was the accumulation of PG activity. Totally, 28
PbrPGs
were expressed during fruit storage, which could be classified into five categories based on different expression patterns; most demonstrated an increased trend. Of these,
PbrPG6
were proposed to account for pear softening in combination of the phylogenetic and correlation analysis among firmness, PG activity and
PbrPGs
. By constructing the silencing vector, a higher firmness was observed in
PbrPG6
-silenced fruit when compared with that of the control (empty vector). In a further study, we found that the expression of
PbrPG6
was regulated by postharvest 1-MCP/ethrel treatment, and several
PbrERFs
might function in this process.
Conclusions
We identified 61
PbrPG
genes from pear genome; of these,
PbrPG6
was involved in fruit softening process; furthermore, the expression of
PbrPG6
might be under the control of PbrERF. This study provides a foundation for future work aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying pear softening.
Journal Article