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How to solve their automatic control of constant temperature and humidity gradually becomes a research hotspot as the continuous upgrading of air conditioning systems. This study aims to optimize the traditional proportional-integral-differential controller for improvement to solve the time-delay instability phenomenon in temperature and humidity control. The objective of this study is to optimize existing proportional-integral-differential controllers to improve the time-delay instability problem that is common in temperature and humidity control. Firstly, it treats the controlled object as a first-order and second-order system with time-delay characteristics. Next, the Smith predictor controller is generalized equivalent to ensure that the equivalent system does not contain time-delay. Finally, an analysis of the first-order and second-order closed-loop control system is conducted by combining Smith predictive controller and proportional-integral-differential controller. The system achieves the goal of automatic control of constant temperature and humidity by adjusting the control parameters. The experiment showcased that the temperature control time of the proposed control scheme under first-order and second-order time-delays was 16 s and 3 s, respectively. Meanwhile, the humidity control time was 14 s and 13 s, respectively. In practical applications, the proposed control scheme achieved good control effects in all four seasons. This indicates that the controller designed in this study possesses good control performance. It also can achieve the goal of constant temperature and humidity control. This can provide technical support for the automation control of air conditioning systems.

Human–robot interaction (HRI) has escalated in notability in recent years, and multimodal communication and control strategies are necessitated to guarantee a secure, efficient, and intelligent HRI experience. In spite of the considerable focus on multimodal HRI, comprehensive disquisitions delineating various modalities and intricately analyzing their combinations remain elusive, consequently limiting holistic understanding and future advancements. This article aspires to bridge this inadequacy by conducting a profound exploration of multimodal HRI, predominantly concentrating on four principal modalities: vision, auditory and language, haptics, and physiological sensing. An extensive review encapsulating algorithmic dissection, interface devices, and applicative dimensions forms part of this discourse. This manuscript distinctively combines multimodal HRI with cognitive science, deeply probing into the three dimensions, perception, cognition, and action, thereby demystifying algorithms intrinsic to multimodal HRI. Finally, it accentuates the empirical challenges and contours preemptive trajectories for multimodal HRI in human‐centric smart manufacturing. This article presents a survey of multimodal human–robot interaction (HRI), focusing on modalities of vision, auditory and language, haptics, and physiological sensing. It encompasses an analysis of algorithms, interfaces, and applications and uniquely integrates multimodal HRI with cognitive science to explore the underlying mechanisms. The article also provides challenges and future insights in multimodal HRI, particularly in human‐centric smart manufacturing.

In order to solve the problem of huge energy consumption of building central air conditioning, the water system of building central air conditioning was taken as the research object and the genetic algorithm of energy-saving operation and control of building central air conditioning based on MATLAB was designed, so as to build the energy-saving control system model of central air conditioning. On the one hand, the feasibility of the optimized algorithm to solve the energy-saving problem of central air conditioning was proved through the optimization of genetic algorithm. On the other hand, the energy-saving effect was demonstrated through the operation parameters and the variation of air-conditioning energy consumption before and after the experiment. The feasibility and rationality of genetic algorithm to improve the energy-saving effect of central air conditioning was verified by the comparison of the experiment. The results showed that in the design load range of 30%–70%, the average energy-saving rate of central air-conditioning compressor was 16.8%. The maximum energy-saving efficiency was 37.4%, and the minimum energy-saving efficiency was 15.5%. The average energy-saving rate of water system was 26.8%. Therefore, the genetic algorithm had fast convergence speed and high solving accuracy, which was beneficial to improve the energy-saving ability of central air-conditioning water system.

Variable focus lenses are capable of dynamically varying their focal lengths. The focal length is varied by adjusting the curvature of the refractive surface and the media on both sides of the lens. The dynamic response is one of the most important criteria to determine the performance of variable focus lens. In this work, we investigated critical factors that affect the dynamic response of liquid-filled variable focus lens with a large aperture size. Based on a theoretical analysis of a circular disk representative of a deformable surface, we found that the dynamic response is significantly influenced by the diameter, thickness, and stiffness of the disk because these factors determine its first natural frequency. We also studied the dynamic response of elastomer-based liquid-filled variable focus lens prototype with different aperture sizes (20 and 30 mm) by using experiments and we found that the lens with the smaller aperture size had an excellent dynamic response.

DNA methyltransferases are an essential class of modifiers in epigenetics. In mammals, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B participate in DNA methylation to regulate normal biological functions, such as embryo development, cell differentiation and gene transcription. Aberrant functions of DNMTs are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. DNMT aberrations usually affect tumor-related factors, such as hypermethylated suppressor genes and genomic instability, which increase the malignancy of tumors, worsen the prognosis for patients, and greatly increase the difficulty of cancer therapy. However, the impact of DNMTs on tumors is still controversial, and therapeutic approaches targeting DNMTs are still under exploration. Here, we summarize the biological functions and paradoxes associated with DNMTs and we discuss some emerging strategies for targeting DNMTs in tumors, which may provide novel ideas for cancer therapy.

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile is suggested to contain S n ( n  ≤ 4) and shows good electrochemical performance in carbonate electrolytes for lithium sulfur batteries. However inferior results in ether electrolytes suggest that high solubility of Li 2 S n ( n  ≤ 4) trumps the limited redox conversion, leading to dissolution and shuttling. Here, we introduce a small amount of selenium in sulfurized polyacrylonitrile to accelerate the redox conversion, delivering excellent performance in both carbonate and ether electrolytes, including high reversible capacity (1300 mA h g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 ), 84% active material utilization and high rate (capacity up to 900 mA h g −1 at 10 A g −1 ). These cathodes can undergo 800 cycles with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency and ultralow 0.029% capacity decay per cycle. Polysulfide dissolution is successfully suppressed by enhanced reaction kinetics. This work demonstrates an ether compatible sulfur cathode involving intermediate Li 2 S n ( n  ≤ 4), attractive rate and cycling performance, and a promising solution towards applicable lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithium sulfur batteries are promising for advanced energy storage, but polysulfide shuttling limits performance lifetime. Here the authors report selenium-doping in a sulfur-based cathode to prevent dissolution of polysulfide intermediates, leading to ether compatibility, high capacity and stable cycling.

•The frontocentral beta activity patterns discriminate linguistic communicative functions.•The frontocentral beta activity plays a causal role in comprehending the functions.•The comprehension could be subserved by the mental simulation of the communication.•Our findings connect the idea of embedded semantics with the speech act theory. Linguistic communication is often considered as an action serving the function of conveying the speaker's goal to the addressee. Although neuroimaging studies have suggested a role of the motor system in comprehending communicative functions, the underlying mechanism is yet to be specified. Here, by two EEG experiments and a tACS experiment, we demonstrate that the frontocentral beta oscillation, which represents action states, plays a crucial part in linguistic communication understanding. Participants read scripts involving two interlocutors and rated the interlocutors’ attitudes. Each script included a critical sentence said by the speaker expressing a context-dependent function of either promise, request, or reply to the addressee's query. These functions were behaviorally discriminated, with higher addressee's will rating for the promise than for the reply and higher speaker's will rating for the request than for the reply. EEG multivariate analyses showed that different communicative functions were represented by different patterns of the frontocentral beta activity but not by patterns of alpha activity. Further tACS results showed that, relative to alpha tACS and sham stimulation, beta tACS improved the predictability of communicative functions of request or reply, as measured by the speaker's will rating. These results convergently suggest a causal role of the frontocentral beta activities in comprehending linguistic communications.

This study investigates the implementation of collaborative route planning between trucks and drones within rural logistics to improve distribution efficiency and service quality. The paper commences with an analysis of the unique characteristics and challenges inherent in rural logistics, emphasizing the limitations of traditional methods while highlighting the advantages of integrating truck and drone technologies. It proceeds to review the current state of development for these two technologies and presents case studies that illustrate their application in rural logistics. Building on this analysis, a collaborative path planning method is proposed, establishing a path optimization model and designing an enhanced simulated annealing algorithm. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through simulation experiments, which reveal that the collaborative delivery system for trucks and drones can significantly boost efficiency, lower costs, and improve service quality. In conclusion, the research findings and potential future research directions are discussed to offer theoretical insights and practical guidance for further innovations in rural logistics technology.

Background Mechanical ventilation can induce or aggravate lung injury, which is termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Piezo1 is a key element of the mechanotransduction process and can transduce mechanical signals into biological signals by mediating Ca 2+ influx, which in turn regulates cytoskeletal remodeling and stress alterations. We hypothesized that it plays an important role in the occurrence of VILI, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Methods High tidal volume mechanical ventilation and high magnitude cyclic stretch were performed on Sprague–Dawley rats, and A549 and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, respectively, to establish VILI models. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, histological examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and survival curves were used to assess the effect of Piezo1 on induction of lung injury, as well as the signaling pathways involved. Results We observed that Piezo1 expression increased in the lungs after high tidal volume mechanical ventilation and in cyclic stretch-treated cells. Mechanistically, we observed the enhanced expression of RhoA/ROCK1 in both cyclic stretch and Yoda1-treated cells, while the deficiency or inhibition of Piezo1 dramatically antagonized RhoA/ROCK1 expression. Furthermore, blockade of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling using an inhibitor did not affect Piezo1 expression. GSMTx4 was used to inhibit Piezo1, which alleviated VILI-induced pathologic changes, water content and protein leakage in the lungs, and the induction of systemic inflammatory mediators, and improved the 7-day mortality rate in the model rats. Conclusions These findings indicate that Piezo1 affects the development and progression of VILI through promotion of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling.

The current work was conducted to elucidate the pharmacological effect of pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2- ]pyrazine derivatives against acute lung injury in rats in sepsis and their mechanism of action. Various pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2- ]-pyrazine derivatives have been synthesized in a straightforward synthetic route. They exhibited a diverse range of inhibitory activity against NF-ĸB with ranging from 1 to 94 µmol L–1. Among them, compound [(4-(4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl) phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 -pyrazol-1-yl) (8-(methylamino)imidazo[1,2- ]pyrazin-2-yl)methanone] was identified as the most potent NF-κB inhibitor with of 1.02 µmol L . None of the synthesized compounds was found cytotoxic to normal cell-line MCF-12A. The pharmacological activity of the most potent NF-ĸB inhibitor was also investigated in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis injury of the lung in rats. Compound was administered to rats after induc tion of lung sepsis, and various biochemical parameters were measured. Results suggested that compound significantly reduced lung inflammation and membrane permeability, as evidenced by H&E staining of lung tissues. It substantially reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1B, IL-6) and oxidative stress (MPO, MDA, SOD). It showed attenuation of NF-ĸB and apoptosis in Western blot and annexin--PI assay, resp. Compound also reduced the production of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the lung and provided a protective effect against lung injury. Our study showed the pharmacological significance of pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2- ] pyrazine derivative against acute lung injury in sepsis rats.