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التخفيف من حدة الفقر في الصين المعاصرة
استنادا إلى نظرة عامة على أوضاع الفقر، يقدم هذا الكتاب مسار التخفيف من حدة الفقر والتنمية في الصين، ويشرح نموذج التنمية والتخفي من حدة الفقر بخصائص صينية والتمسك بمباديء (سيطرة الحكومة ومشاركة المجتمع والاعتماد على الذات والتنمية الموجهة والتنمية الشاملة) كما يقدم الكتاب تلخيصا شاملا لإنجازات الصين العظيمة وخبراتها الهامة وإسهاماتها الرئيسية في قضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم، ويعرض بإيجاز نظرات وممارسات التخفيف المستهدف من الفقر في العصر الجديد من أجل توفير مراجع لكسب المعركة ضد الفقر في الصين وقضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم.
Book
Edge computing based english translation model using fuzzy semantic optimal control technique
People’s need for English translation is gradually growing in the modern era of technological advancements, and a computer that can comprehend and interpret English is now more crucial than ever. Some issues, including ambiguity in English translation and improper word choice in translation techniques, must be addressed to enhance the quality of the English translation model and accuracy based on the corpus. Hence, an edge computing-based translation model (FSRL-P2O) is proposed to improve translation accuracy by using huge bilingual corpora, considering Fuzzy Semantic (FS) properties, and maximizing the translation output using optimal control techniques with the incorporation of Reinforcement Learning and Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO) techniques. The corpus data is initially gathered, and necessary preprocessing and feature extraction techniques are made. The preprocessed sentences are given as input to the fuzzy semantic similarity phase, which aims to avoid uncertainties by measuring the semantic resemblance between two linguistic elements, such as phrases, words, or sentences involved in a translation using the Jaccard similarity coefficient. The fuzzy semantic resemblance component’s training estimates the degree of overlap or similarity between two sentences, such as calculating the percentage of characters and length of the longest matching sequence of characters. The suggested Reinforcement learning and PPO can address specific uncertainty causes in machine translation assessment, like out-of-domain data and low-quality references. In addition to simple word-level comparison, it permits a more complex grasp of the semantic link. Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO) techniques are implemented as optimal control techniques to optimize the translation procedures and enhance the quality and precision of generated translations. RL and PPO aim to improve a machine translation system’s translation policy depending on a predetermined reward signal or quality parameter. The system’s effectiveness is evaluated by various metrics such as accuracy, Fuzzy semantic similarity, Bi-Lingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU), and National Institute of Standards and Technology score (NIST). Thus, the proposed system achieves higher quality and translation accuracy of the text that has been translated and produces higher semantic similarity.
Journal Article
تاريخ الأدب الصيني المعاصر
هذا أول كتاب عن تاريخ الأدب الصيني المعاصر ترجم إلى العربية من الصينية مباشرة، بعد أن لاقى اهتماما كبيرا من الأوساط الثقافية في الصين، نظرا لما يتمتع به من موسوعية. يقسم الكتاب، الأدب الصيني المعاصر إلى جزأين من ناحية النقد. حيث يصف الجزء الأول كيفية حصول قواعد أدبية محددة على الهيمنة المطلقة، بالإضافة إلى الخصائص الأساسية لهذا الشكل الأدبي، أما الجزء الثاني فيكشف الضعف التدريجي، وتفكك هذه القواعد وموقعها المسيطر، وعملية التمايز الأدبي، وإعادة تنظيم البنية الأدبية في السياق التاريخي المتغير.
Book
Quantum-topological meta-learning for tire-road contact stability and multi-modal road prediction in autonomous driving
This paper addresses the critical challenge of tire-road contact dynamics in intelligent transportation systems, particularly for Level 4 autonomous driving. Traditional empirical models fail to accurately predict tire behavior on unstructured road surfaces, especially under low-adhesion conditions, leading to control delays and safety risks. To address these issues, we propose a novel dual-drive architecture that integrates Quantum Topological Field Theory with meta-learning techniques. A differential homeomorphism model is developed for tire contact stability, using Seiberg-Witten instanton decomposition to create a quantized representation of the contact stress field. Additionally, a multi-modal road prediction system is introduced, combining CBAM-LSTM quantum feature extraction with MAML meta-learning to generalize acceleration signals across different road conditions. Experimental validation on a hardware-in-the-loop platform demonstrates that the system reduces braking distance on ice to 32.1 meters, 38.7% shorter than traditional ABS, and achieves a slip rate control error of 1.8%. The quantum feature extraction accuracy reaches 98.5%, with a Wilson loop reconstruction error under 0.15%. This architecture overcomes key engineering challenges, providing a robust solution for L4 autonomous driving, with potential applications in tire health monitoring and intelligent road networks, enhancing safety and performance in real-world conditions.
Journal Article
The cotton WRKY transcription factor (GhWRKY33) reduces transgenic Arabidopsis resistance to drought stress
As the important source of natural fibers in the textile industry, cotton fiber quality and yield are often restricted to drought conditions because most of cotton plants in the world grow in the regions with water shortage. WRKY transcription factors regulate multiple plant physiological processes, including drought stress response. However, little is known of how the WRKY genes respond to drought stress in cotton. Our previous study revealed
GhWRKY33
is leaf-specific and induced by drought stress. In this study, our data showed GhWRKY33 protein localizes to the cell nucleus and is able to bind to “W-box” cis-acting elements of the target promoters. Under drought stress,
GhWRKY33
overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis was withered much more quickly than wild type due to faster water loss. Moreover,
GhWRKY33
transgenic plants displayed more tolerance to abscisic acid (ABA), relative to wild type. Expression of some drought stress-related genes and ABA-responsive genes were changed in the
GhWRKY33
transgenic Arabidopsis with drought or ABA treatment. Collectively, our findings indicate that GhWRKY33 may act as a negative regulator to mediate plant response to drought stress and to participate in the ABA signaling pathway.
Journal Article
Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant–antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
Journal Article
Vinblastine resets tumor-associated macrophages toward M1 phenotype and promotes antitumor immune response
BackgroundMassive tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration is observed in many tumors, which usually display the immune-suppressive M2-like phenotype but can also be converted to an M1-like antitumor phenotype due to their high degree of plasticity. The macrophage polarization state is associated with changes in cell shape, macrophage morphology is associated with activation status. M1 macrophages appeared large and rounded, while M2 macrophages were stretched and elongated cells. Manipulating cell morphology has been shown to affect the polarization state of macrophages. The shape of the cell is largely dependent on cytoskeletal proteins, especially, microtubules. As a microtubule-targetting drug, vinblastine (VBL) has been used in chemotherapy. However, no study to date has explored the effect of VBL on TAM shape changes and its role in tumor immune response.MethodWe used fluorescent staining of the cytoskeleton and quantitative analysis to reveal the morphological differences between M0, M1, M2, TAM and VBL-treated TAM. Flow cytometry was used to confirm the polarization states of these macrophages using a cell surface marker-based classification. In vivo antibody depletion experiments in tumor mouse models were performed to test whether macrophages and CD8+ T cell populations were required for the antitumor effect of VBL. VBL and anti-PD-1 combination therapy was then investigated in comparison with monotherapy. RNA-seq of TAM of treated and untreated with VBL was performed to explore the changes in pathway activities. siRNA mediated knockdown experiments were performed to verify the target pathway that was affected by VBL treatment.ResultsHere, we showed that VBL, an antineoplastic agent that destabilizes microtubule, drove macrophage polarization into the M1-like phenotype both in vitro and in tumor models. The antitumor effect of VBL was attenuated in the absence of macrophages or CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, VBL induces the activation of NF-κB and Cyba-dependent reactive oxygen species generation, thus polarizing TAMs to the M1 phenotype. In parallel, VBL promotes the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB, inducing lysosome biogenesis and a dramatic increase in phagocytic activity in macrophages.ConclusionsThis study explored whether manipulating cellular morphology affects macrophage polarization and consequently induces an antitumor response. Our data reveal a previously unrecognized antitumor mechanism of VBL and suggest a drug repurposing strategy combining VBL with immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve malignant tumor immunotherapy.
Journal Article
A basic helix–loop–helix protein (GhFP1) promotes fibre elongation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) by modulating brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signalling
• Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) proteins are involved in transcriptional networks controlling a number of biological processes in plants. However, little information is known on the roles of bHLH proteins in cotton fibre development so far.
• Here, we show that a cotton bHLH protein (GhFP1) positively regulates fibre elongation. GhFP1 transgenic cotton and Arabidopsis plants were generated to study how GhFP1 regulates fibre cell elongation.
• Fibre length of the transgenic cotton overexpressing GhFP1 was significantly longer than that of wild-type, whereas suppression of GhFP1 expression hindered fibre elongation. Furthermore, overexpression of GhFP1 in Arabidopsis promoted trichome development. Expression of the brassinosteroid (BR)-related genes was markedly upregulated in fibres of GhFP1 overexpression cotton, but downregulated in GhFP1-silenced fibres. BR content in the transgenic fibres was significantly altered, relative to that in wild-type. Moreover, GhFP1 protein could directly bind to the promoters of GhDWF4 and GhCPD to activate expression of these BR-related genes.
• Therefore, our data suggest that GhFP1 as a positive regulator participates in controlling fibre elongation by activating BR biosynthesis and signalling. Additionally, homodimerisation of GhFP1 may be essential for its function, and interaction between GhFP1 and other cotton bHLH proteins may interfere with its DNA-binding activity.
Journal Article
TGF-β1/SH2B3 axis regulates anoikis resistance and EMT of lung cancer cells by modulating JAK2/STAT3 and SHP2/Grb2 signaling pathways
The pathogenesis of lung cancer, the most common cancer, is complex and unclear, leading to limited treatment options and poor prognosis. To provide molecular insights into lung cancer development, we investigated the function and underlying mechanism of SH2B3 in the regulation of lung cancer. We indicated SH2B3 was diminished while TGF-β1 was elevated in lung cancer tissues and cells. Low SH2B3 level was correlated with poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. SH2B3 overexpression suppressed cancer cell anoikis resistance, proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, while TGF-β1 promoted those processes via reducing SH2B3. SH2B3 bound to JAK2 and SHP2 to repress JAK2/STAT3 and SHP2/Grb2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, respectively, resulting in reduced cancer cell anoikis resistance, proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Overexpression of SH2B3 suppressed lung cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, SH2B3 restrained the development of anoikis resistance and EMT of lung cancer cells via suppressing JAK2/STAT3 and SHP2/Grb2/PI3K/AKT signaling cascades, leading to decreased cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Journal Article
The temporal and spatial interpretation of China’s health financing: what do Chinese’ government ‘do’ in new healthcare reform?
Objective
The analysis of health expenditure and its structure takes on a critical significance in national health policy research, and the public welfare of national health undertakings can be manifested by the government’s investment in health. In this study, the aim was to analyze total health care costs, the structure of health financing, and the government’s investment in health, so as to provide a reference for China’s health policy adjustment.
Methods
Description and cluster analysis were conducted using R language to analyze total health care costs and the structure of health financing of 31 regions in China between 1990 and 2020 to gain insights into the temporal and spatial changes total health care costs and the structure of health financing in China. The government’s investment in health was analyzed using description and abundance heatmap to know the temporal and spatial changes of the government’s health investment.
Results
The total health expenditure per capita reached 5112.3 yuan in 2020, and the total health expenditure accounted for 7.10% of GDP. The government health expenditure took up a significantly lower share of the total health expenditure in 1993–2006 (17.09% [16.30,17.88]), whereas it has been nearly 30% (29.56% [28.73,30.3]) over the past few years. As to 31 regions in China, the government health expenditure per total health expenditure reached 67.94% in Tibet, whereas a level of 27.866% (25.629–30.103) were maintained in other regions. Beijing and Shanghai have achieved over 50.00% of social health expenditure per total health expenditure in recent five years, it was significantly higher than other regions. The per capita government expenditure as a fraction of GDP of Tibet (6.842%) was the highest region in 2011–2019, while Jiangsu (only 0.937%) was the lowest region.
Conclusions
Sustainable increases in total health expenditure as a percent of GDP take on a critical significance to adequate health financing. Equity in health financing has been insufficient in China, and spatial and temporal differences of China’s health financing structure are significant. The region’ governments should adjust policy based on typical regions to weaken the differences.
Highlights
• Policy-oriented health systems is clear and firm in China’s new healthcare reform.
• Health financing structure tends to be consistent with international standards.
• Equity in health financing has been insufficient, and spatial and temporal differences of China’s health financing structure are significant.
• The region’ governments should adjust policy to weaken the differences.
Journal Article