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Autonomous driving faces various challenges such as extreme weather, dynamic obstacles and asynchronous multi-source data in special scenes. Traditional single sensor and static algorithm have problems such as low sensing accuracy and insufficient real-time performance. Aiming at the limitation of traditional method, this paper puts forward multiple sensor fusion, dynamic obstacle avoidance algorithm optimization and multimode situation awareness integration scheme. The sensor redundancy design is enhanced by the hierarchical fusion strategy, and the sensing accuracy is improved by combining the laser radar and IMU tight coupling technology; Dynamic programming algorithm and adaptive parameter modulation of reinforcement learning are introduced to realize efficient real-time obstacle avoidance; Improving image quality in adverse weather by generating countermeasure network and multi-spectral - infrared fusion technology; Integrating time-space synchronization algorithm and dynamic SLAM framework to strengthen localization robustness. This paper shows that the system significantly optimizes sensing accuracy, real-time obstacle avoidance and environmental adaptability in complex scenes, and provides a reliable technical support for the application of autonomous driving in special scenes.

Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica, holding great promise for treating a variety of skin disorders. However, the dermal application of AA is limited by its poor solubility and permeability. This study aimed to identify a hydrogel formulation for AA and improve its skin penetration by various penetration enhancement methods. Four kinds of hydrogel bases were selected to prepare the AA hydrogel, in which different organic amines and chemical enhancers were incorporated in combination with microneedle pretreatment. The results showed that AA had good release profiles in the presence of hyaluronic acid as the hydrogel base and organic amines as the counter-ions. Diethylamine and Span 80 could promote drug penetration into the skin, and pretreatment with microneedles could further increase the drug permeability. In conclusion, the optimized hyaluronic acid hydrogel has great potential for use in the topical delivery of AA, and its penetration via the skin can be further improved by different pharmaceutical approaches.

The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important measures to affect crop yield and soil bacterial communities. In this study, the four rates of N (namely N0F 0 kg N ha−1, N1F 90 kg N ha−1, N2F 180 kg N ha−1, and N3F 270 kg N ha−1) along with a control (no fertilization, CK) were evaluated for their influence on sorghum yield, soil chemical properties, bacterial community, and diversity. The results showed that the yield-increasing effect was reduced by the higher dose of N input. Compared with N0F, sorghum yield increased by 58.8% in N1F and 68.2% in N2F but decreased by 8.1% in N3F relative to N2F. The soil pH decreased significantly with increasing N application. Compared with CK or N0F, N3F treatment increased the available P content by up to 18.6% or 32.2% but decreased the alkaline hydrolysis N, available K, organic matter, and total N contents by 8.4% or 23.8%, 5.5% or 10.6%, 8.4% or 28.8%, and 11.1% or 39.6%, respectively. In addition, different fertilization treatments altered the soil bacterial communities. Excess N fertilizer led to a decrease in bacterial abundance, and compared with N0F, the absolute abundance of bacteria increased by 18.7% in N1F, while it decreased by 31.8% in N3F. The predominant phyla, including Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi, in the microbiome shift under different N application levels. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that the soil properties, especially soil pH, available P, total P, total N, and organic matter, were the key environmental factors that defined the bacterial community in the ecosystem. Within the scope of the present experiment, N application at 90 kg N ha−1 (N1F) optimized soil bacterial community abundance in sorghum-cultivated soil, while N2F (180 kg N ha−1) achieved the highest sorghum yield, suggesting a trade-off between optimizing the soil microbiome and maximizing crop yield under long-term fertilization.

Werner syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive premature progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in the WRN gene. It is characterized by early onset of age‐related diseases, such as cataracts, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and malignancies, in which diabetes often onset in patients’ 30–40s. Herein, we report a Chinese patient with Werner syndrome with uncommon early‐onset diabetes at 18 years‐of‐age, who had low body mass index, insulin resistance, negative antibodies of diabetes and early onset of cataracts. Genome sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirm the diagnosis. A novel heterozygous splice‐site mutation in the WRN gene (c.1270‐2A>T) was identified. The present case reminds clinicians that when young diabetes patients are encountered, if they are accompanied by premature aging, attention should be paid to identifying the possibility of Werner syndrome based on diagnostic criteria. We report a Chinese patient with Werner syndrome with uncommon early‐onset diabetes at age 18 years, who had low body mass index, insulin resistance, negative antibodies of diabetes and early onset of cataracts. Genome sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirm the diagnosis. The present case reminds clinicians that when young type 2 diabetes patients are encountered, if they are accompanied by premature aging, attention should be paid to identifying the possibility of Werner syndrome based on diagnostic criteria.

The energy big data center (EBDC) is an important tool for government regulation of energy consumption in the digital era. However, its environmental governance effects have yet to receive systematic empirical tests. Our study uses the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method to examine the environmental effects following the implementation of China’s EBDC policy, providing empirical evidence on the impact of EBDC from the perspective of urban air quality. We find that, compared to non-pilot cities, the establishment of EBDC effectively reduces the urban air quality index by 1.505. Mechanism analysis indicates that EBDC improves urban air quality by enhancing the efficiency of government environmental enforcement and stimulating regional green innovation. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the environmental governance effects of EBDC are more significant in cities where local governments exhibit stronger motivation for environmental improvement, are located in northern regions with high reliance on fossil fuels, and have higher levels of digital economic development. Our research findings provide important policy implications for advancing the implementation of EBDC, promoting digital government regulation, and strengthening environmental protection.

Background Alactic base excess (ABE) is a novel biomarker to evaluate the renal capability of handling acid-base disturbances, which has been found to be associated with adverse prognosis of sepsis and shock patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ABE and the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods This retrospective cohort study collected AMI patients’ clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. The outcome was in-hospital mortality after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to assess the association of ABE with in-hospital mortality in AMI patients, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). To further explore the association, subgroup analyses were performed based on age, AKI, eGFR, sepsis, and AMI subtypes. Results Of the total 2779 AMI patients, 502 died in hospital. Negative ABE (HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.02–1.56) (neutral ABE as reference) was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in AMI patients, but not in positive ABE ( P  = 0.378). Subgroup analyses showed that negative ABE was significantly associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in AMI patients aged>65 years (HR = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.13–1.89), with eGFR<60 (HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.05–1.74), with AKI (HR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.64), with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) subtype (HR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.18–2.72), and without sepsis (HR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.01–1.64). Conclusion Negative ABE was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI.

Diabetes mellitus is primarily categorized into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms. T1DM is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion, predominantly resulting from the autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. In contrast, T2DM arises from a combination of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and a compensatory insulin secretory response that ultimately becomes inadequate. The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is orchestrated through bidirectional crosstalk between autoimmune aggression and metabolic derangement. γδ T cells, innate-like lymphocytes bridging innate and adaptive immunity, play pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and immunity through cytokine production and cytotoxicity. This review comprehensively examines the dual roles of γδ T cells across diabetes mellitus types. Furthermore, γδ T cells contribute to diabetic complications and are profoundly affected by the diabetic milieu, leading to defective anti-infection and anti-tumor immunity. We discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting γδ T cells or their effector pathways and highlight key knowledge gaps regarding subset-specific functions, dynamic changes during disease progression, and tissue-resident γδ T cell roles. Elucidating these mechanisms may provide a strong foundation for developing novel γδ T cell-based immunotherapies for diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Supported silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used as antibacterial agents in biomedicine, biotechnology, and environmental remediation. However, a facile and scalable method for preparing homogeneously dispersed AgNPs on clay minerals remains a challenge. In this study, a one-pot method was successfully developed for the synthesis of homogeneously dispersed AgNPs supported on the surface of clay minerals (e.g., montmorillonite (Mt) and palygorskite (Pal)). Typically, clay minerals were mixed with AgNO 3 (as a precursor) and NaNO 3 (as a dispersant) by thorough grinding in a mortar, and then the mixture was heated slowly. AgNO₃ undergoes thermal decomposition to generate AgNPs via a self-reduction process, without the assistance of any external reductants. The free ions dissociated by molten NaNO₃ inhibit the aggregation of AgNPs. Specifically, AgNPs were uniformly dispersed on Mt and Pal. Correspondingly, the average particle sizes of the AgNPs were determined to be 10.71 ± 2.16 nm for 6% Ag/Mt-s and 6.07 ± 3.26 nm for 6% Ag/Pal-s, respectively. The antibacterial performance of the nanocomposites was associated with both the concentration of the target materials and their stability in the medium. Specifically, the physicochemical properties of Pal facilitated the small particle size of AgNPs, which in turn enhanced their antibacterial activity. The findings of this study highlight the advantages of utilizing clay minerals as supports to realize the high antibacterial activity of AgNPs. Meanwhile, this study provided a novel and facile strategy for synthesizing silver/clay mineral nanocomposites with homogeneously dispersed silver nanoparticles supported on the surface of clay minerals, without chemical reductants or surfactants. This study provided a theoretical basis for the design and preparation of high-efficiency, low-cost antibacterial silver/clay mineral nanocomposites in the future.

The scarcity of effective neuroprotective agents and the presence of blood‐brain barrier (BBB)‐mediated extremely inefficient intracerebral drug delivery are predominant obstacles to the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). Herein, ROS‐responsive borneol‐based amphiphilic polymeric NPs are constructed by using traditional Chinese medicine borneol as functional blocks that served as surface brain‐targeting ligand, inner hydrophobic core for efficient drug loading of membrane‐permeable calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM, and neuroprotective structural component. In MCAO mice, the nanoformulation (polymer: 3.2 mg·kg−1, BAPTA‐AM: 400 µg·kg−1) reversibly opened the BBB and achieved high brain biodistribution up to 12.7%ID/g of the total administered dose after 3 h post single injection, effectively restoring intracellular Ca2+ and redox homeostasis, improving cerebral histopathology, and inhibiting mitochondrial PI3K/Akt/Bcl‐2/Bax/Cyto‐C/Caspase‐3,9 apoptosis pathway for rescuing dying neurons (reduced apoptosis cell from 59.5% to 7.9%). It also remodeled the inflammatory microenvironment in cerebral ischemic penumbra by inhibiting astrocyte over‐activation, reprogramming microglia polarization toward an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, and blocking NF‐κB/TNF‐α/IL‐6 signaling pathways. These interventions eventually reduced the cerebral infarction area by 96.3%, significantly improved neurological function, and restored blood flow reperfusion from 66.2% to ≈100%, all while facilitating BBB repair and avoiding brain edema. This provides a potentially effective multiple‐stage sequential treatment strategy for clinical CIS. Traditional Chinese medicine borneol as brain‐targeted and therapeutic functional blocks of ROS‐responsive polymeric NPs. The responsively released calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM effectively inhibit Ca2+ overload in injured neurons. Dissociated borneol synergistically restore redox homeostasis, inhibit inflammatory cascade and promote BBB repair. This formulation promotes multiple‐stage sequential treatment strategy in ischemic stroke.