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"Wang, R.‐Y."
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First Observational Perspectives of “Millipede Clouds” Over the Eastern Pacific Ocean
The fundamental features of one kind of rarely known stratocumulus, which was termed as “Millipede Cloud,” occurred over the Eastern Pacific Ocean in 2017 were first documented by using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. These clouds had long and meandering “central axes” extending from several hundreds to thousands kilometers, and a number of “radical cloud arms” extending several tens of kilometers in its two sides. Total 59 “Millipede Clouds,” 4 and 55 of them, were formed over the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres, respectively. Their environmental backgrounds were analyzed by using ERA5 reanalysis data and MODIS sensor Level‐2 data. The cloud top pressures of these “Millipede Clouds” were between 850 and 800 hPa, and their top heights were about 1–2 km. There existed “inversion layer” of air temperature near the cloud tops at 800 hPa, which strongly suggested that these clouds were lower stratocumulus in essence. Plain Language Summary “Millipede Cloud,” one kind of rarely known stratocumulus which looks like “Millipede” shape, is termed for the first time in this paper. It has an obvious “central axis” and a number of well‐organized “radial cloud arms” in two sides of the “central axis” extending in several tens of kilometers length. This paper introduces the fundamental features of “Millipede Clouds” occurred over the Eastern Pacific Ocean in 2017 from the perspective of satellite image. Totally, 59 “Millipede Clouds” were found to occur over the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Their geographic distribution, cloud top features and vertical structure of one typical case on 16 July 2017 were documented. Key Points The fundamental features of “Millipede Clouds” over the Eastern Pacific Ocean in 2017 were documented by using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery The environmental backgrounds of these “Millipede Clouds” were analyzed by using ERA5 reanalysis data and MODIS data The cloud top pressures of these “Millipede Clouds” are between 850 and 800 hPa, and their top heights are about 1–2 km
Journal Article
Role of stromal microenvironment in nonpharmacological resistance of CML to imatinib through Lyn/CXCR4 interactions in lipid rafts
We and others have previously demonstrated that p210 Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibits stromal cell-derived factor-1α/CXCR4 chemokine receptor signaling, contributing to the deficient adhesion of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells to bone marrow stroma. Conversely, exposure of CML cells to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) enhances migration of CML cells towards stromal cell layers and promotes non-pharmacological resistance to imatinib. Src-related kinase Lyn is known to interact with CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and is directly activated by p210 Bcr-Abl. In this study, we demonstrate that TKI treatment promoted CXCR4 redistribution into the lipid raft fraction, in which it co-localized with active phosphorylated form of Lyn (LynTyr396) in CML cells. Lyn inhibition or cholesterol depletion abrogated imatinib-induced migration, and dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor dasatinib induced fewer CML cells to migrate to the stroma. These findings demonstrate the novel mechanism of microenvironment-mediated resistance through lipid raft modulation, which involves compartmental changes of the multivalent CXCR4 and Lyn complex. We propose that pharmacological targeting of lipid rafts may eliminate bone marrow-resident CML cells through interference with microenvironment-mediated resistance.
Journal Article
CA19–9 decrease and survival according to platelet level in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
Background
CA19–9 decrease during treatment has been associated with superior survival of pancreatic cancer in several studies. The evidence to show the correlation of high platelet level with inferior survival is insufficient in pancreatic cancer. It also remains unclear whether the association between CA19–9 decrease and survival was corresponded to different levels of platelet in metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Methods
We measured CA19–9 serum concentration and platelet level at baseline and after the second cycle of chemotherapy for 200 advanced pancreatic cancer patients. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for CA19–9 decrease, adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, KPS, prediagnosis body mass index, Diabetes Mellitus, tumor location, first-line chemotherapy regimen, and radiotherapy.
Results
We found that the association of CA19–9 decrease with superior overall survival was stronger in advanced pancreatic cancer with a low level of platelet (
P
interaction
< 0.001) compared with intermediate and high level of platelet. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios per unit decrease of CA19–9 change was 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33 to 0.62] in cases with low platelet level, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.50 to 1.09) in cases with intermediate platelet level, and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.10) in cases with high platelet level. A similar differential association was found between CA19–9 decrease and progression-free survival in strata of platelet level (
P
interaction
= 0.034).
Conclusion
The association of CA19–9 decrease with superior pancreatic cancer survival appeared to be pronounced in patients with a low platelet level. This finding could provide supports for the underlying mechanisms of CA19–9 involved in platelet / tumor cell interaction.
Journal Article
Geographical classification of Chinese Cabernet Sauvignon wines by data fusion of ultraviolet-visible and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopies: the combined use of multiple wavelength differences
Background and Aims We report the chemometric classification of commercial Chinese Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wines according to the winegrowing region based on the coupling of synchronous fluorescence (SF) and ultraviolet (UV)–visible (VIS) spectroscopies. Methods and Results Total SF spectra at a wavelength difference (Δλ) of 10–150 nm with 10‐nm intervals, UV spectra in the 240 to 380 nm range and VIS spectra in the 380‐ to 700‐nm range were recorded. A simple classification model was constructed by principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis and was evaluated by external validation. The combined use of SF and UV–VIS spectroscopies offered clearer classification than the individual techniques. The Δλ in SF spectroscopy was revealed to play an important role in the classification. The combination of SF spectroscopy at Δλ 30, 60, 90 and 120 nm and UV–VIS spectroscopy achieved the highest prediction rate (79.2%). Conclusions The fusion of data from UV–VIS and SF spectroscopies at multiple Δλ with certain pitched intervals, which has retained more complementary and useful information, can mostly improve the classification of wines. Significance of the Study The joint use of the two complementary spectroscopies provides an alternative to discriminate wines from different geographical origins.
Journal Article
Measurement of acetabular inclination and anteversion via CT generated 3D pelvic model
Background
Inclination and anteversion were the main factors that determined the reliability of the acetabulum. Inclination and anteversion measurements included anatomical, operational and radiographic methods. The aim of our present study was to exhibit divergence of inclination and anteversion via the three measurements.
Methods
Inclination and anteversion were defined according to the definitions put forward by Murray. Three-dimensional models of pelvis of CT data were brought forth. Acetabular axis was determined by the rim of acetabula. Reference planes were established by bone landmarks including anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercles and sacral crests. Inclinations and anteversions were calculated according to the definitions.
Results
Forty-nine cases were involved in the research. Data of inclination form anatomical, operational and radiographic showed 37.48 ± 11.07, 45.12 ± 14.76 and 48.76 ± 14.36, and anteversion were 18.12 ± 7.59, 24.97 ± 9.68, 14.30 ± 5.64. A substantial deviation was noted in the inclinations (
P
< 0.01) and anteversions (
P
< 0.01).
Conclusion
Our findings suggested that the inclinations and anteversions of the three measurements varied, which might in turn interfere the decision of orthopedists.
Journal Article
Boosting the electrochemical performance of mesoporous NiCo2O4 oxygen evolution catalysts by facile surface modifying
To effectively develop enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, we propose a surface anion and cation co-modification strategy toward mesoporous NiCo
2
O
4
. After a simple ethanol-assisted grinding and subsequent annealing process, the modified NiCo
2
O
4
catalysts (NiCo
2
O
4
-FeF
3
-A) exhibit a superior OER catalytic activity and stability compared with other controlled samples. The overpotential value to drive the standard OER current density of 10 mA cm
−2
in 1 M KOH electrolyte is only 260 mV, significantly decreasing by as large as 110 mV relative to the pristine NiCo
2
O
4
. In addition, negligible degeneration is observed during accelerated durability tests (ADTs) for 5000 cycles, confirming the strong interaction between oxide substrates and modified ions. The enhancement of electro-catalytic activity can be attributed to the effective and accelerated charge-transfer process induced by surface electronic state reconstruction.
Journal Article
A genome-wide association study identifies new loci for ACE activity: potential implications for response to ACE inhibitor
Because angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is implicated widely in biological systems, we aimed to identify its novel quantitative trait loci for the purposes of understanding ACE activity regulation and pharmacogenetics relating to ACE inhibitor (ACEI). We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study: (1) from 400 young-onset hypertension (YOH) subjects and (2) a confirmation study with an additional 623 YOH subjects. In the first stage, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the
ACE
structural gene and one SNP of
ABO
genes were significantly associated with ACE activity. SNP rs4343 in exon17 near the well-known insertion/deletion polymorphism had the strongest association. We confirmed in the second stage that three SNPs: rs4343 in
ACE
gene (
P
=3.0 × 10
−25
), rs495828 (
P
=3.5 × 10
−8
) and rs8176746 (
P
=9.3 × 10
−5
) in
ABO
gene were significantly associated with ACE activity. We further replicated the association between ABO genotype/blood types and ACE activity in an independent YOH family study (428 hypertension pedigrees), and showed a potential differential blood pressure response to ACEI in subjects with varied numbers of ACE-activity-raising alleles. These findings may broaden our understanding of the mechanisms controlling ACE activity and advance our pharmacogenetic knowledge on ACEI.
Journal Article
Activation of apoptosis signaling eliminates CD34+ progenitor cells in blast crisis CML independent of response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Despite being highly effective for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), imatinib not only is inactive against quiescent CML stem cells, but also has limited activity against blast crisis (BC) CML. The relative activity of Bcr-Abl and the expression levels of antiapoptotic proteins in proliferating and quiescent CD34
+
BC CML progenitor cells and the effects of targeting antiapoptotic proteins in these cells are unknown. Here we report higher levels of p-CrkL in quiescent than in proliferating CD34
+
progenitor cells and comparable expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 and XIAP in the two populations in BC CML. Inhibition of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL by ABT-737 in cells from patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant BC CML promoted apoptosis in quiescent CD34
+
progenitor cells with an efficacy similar to that in proliferating cells. Combination of ABT-737 with imatinib (which decreases Mcl-1 levels) or triptolide (which decreases Mcl-1 and XIAP) synergistically induced death of both proliferating and quiescent CD34
+
progenitor cells obtained from TKI-resistant BC CML patients. These results suggest that antiapoptotic proteins are critical targets in BC CML and that activation of apoptosis signaling can eliminate both proliferating and quiescent CD34
+
progenitor cells in BC CML, independent of response to TKIs.
Journal Article
Determination of alkylamines in atmospheric aerosol particles: a comparison of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and ion chromatography approaches
In recent years low molecular weight alkylamines have been recognized to play an important role in particle formation and growth in the lower atmosphere. However, major uncertainties are associated with their atmospheric processes, sources and sinks, mostly due to the lack of ambient measurements and the difficulties in accurate quantification of alkylamines at trace level. In this study, we present the evaluation and optimization of two analytical approaches, i.e., gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ion chromatography (IC), for the determination of alkylamines in aerosol particles. Alkylamines were converted to carbamates through derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate for GC-MS determination. A set of parameters affecting the analytical performances of the GC-MS approach, including reagent amount, reaction time and pH value, was evaluated and optimized. The accuracy is 84.3–99.1%, and the limits of detection obtained are 1.8–3.9 pg (or 0.02–0.04 ng m−3). For the IC approach, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column was used to separate alkylamines from interfering cations before IC analysis. 1–2% (v/v) of acetone (or 2–4% (v/v) of acetonitrile) was added to the eluent to improve the separation of alkylamines on the IC column. The limits of detection obtained are 2.1–15.9 ng (or 0.9–6.4 ng m−3), and the accuracy is 55.1-103.4%. The lower accuracy can be attributed to evaporation losses of amines during the sample concentration procedure. Measurements of ambient aerosol particle samples collected in Hong Kong show that the GC-MS approach is superior to the IC approach for the quantification of primary and secondary alkylamines due to its lower detection limits and higher accuracy.
Journal Article