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As cities strive for human-centered and fine-tuned development, Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) has emerged as a powerful tool for simulating pedestrian behavior and optimizing walkable neighborhood design. This study presents a comparative bibliometric analysis of ABM applications in block-scale walkability research from 2015 to 2024, drawing on both Chinese- and English-language literature. Using visualization tools such as VOSviewer, the analysis reveals divergences in national trajectories, methodological approaches, and institutional logics. Chinese research demonstrates a policy-driven growth pattern, particularly following the introduction of the “15-Minute Community Life Circle” initiative, with an emphasis on neighborhood renewal, age-friendly design, and transit-oriented planning. In contrast, international studies show a steady output driven by technological innovation, integrating methods such as deep learning, semantic segmentation, and behavioral simulation to address climate resilience, equity, and mobility complexity. The study also classifies ABM applications into five key application domains, highlighting how Chinese and international studies differ in focus, data inputs, and implementation strategies. Despite these differences, both research streams recognize the value of ABM in transport planning, public health, and low-carbon urbanism. Key challenges identified include data scarcity, algorithmic limitations, and ethical concerns. The study concludes with future research directions, including multimodal data fusion, integration with extended reality, and the development of privacy-aware, cross-cultural modeling standards. These findings reinforce ABM’s potential as a smart urban simulation tool for advancing adaptive, human-centered, and sustainable neighborhood planning.

With industrial transformation and the rise in the 15 min community life circle, optimizing walkability and preserving industrial heritage are key to revitalizing former industrial areas. This study, focusing on Shijingshan District in Beijing, proposes a walkability evaluation framework integrating multi-source big data and street-level perception. Using Points of Interest (POI) classification, which refers to the categorization of key urban amenities, pedestrian network modeling, and street view image data, a Walkability Friendliness Index is developed across four dimensions: accessibility, convenience, diversity, and safety. POI data provide insights into the spatial distribution of essential services, while pedestrian network data, derived from OpenStreetMap, model the walkable road network. Street view image data, processed through semantic segmentation, are used to assess the quality and safety of pedestrian pathways. Results indicate that core communities exhibit higher Walkability Friendliness Index scores due to better connectivity and land use diversity, while older and newly developed areas face challenges such as street discontinuity and service gaps. Accordingly, targeted optimization strategies are proposed: enhancing accessibility by repairing fragmented alleys and improving network connectivity; promoting functional diversity through infill commercial and service facilities; upgrading lighting, greenery, and barrier-free infrastructure to ensure safety; and delineating priority zones and balanced enhancement zones for differentiated improvement. This study presents a replicable technical framework encompassing data acquisition, model evaluation, and strategy development for enhancing walkability, providing valuable insights for the revitalization of industrial districts worldwide. Future research will incorporate virtual reality and subjective user feedback to further enhance the adaptability of the model to dynamic spatiotemporal changes.

The photocatalyzed water splitting reaction in aqueous methanol solution is an efficient preparation method for hydrogen and methanal under mild conditions. In this work, metal sulfide-loaded TiO2 photocatalysts for hydrogen and methanol production were synthesized by hydrothermal method (180°C/12 h) and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The crystal structures of the samples are the typical anatase phase of TiO2 and exhibit a spherical morphology. When TiO2 was loaded with CoS, ZnS, and Bi2S3, respectively, the resulting catalysts showed photocatalytic activities for water decomposition to hydrogen in aqueous methanol solution under 300 W Xe lamp irradiation. Among the photocatalysts with various compositions, the 20 wt% CoS/TiO2 sample with a 2.1 eV band gap showed the maximum photocatalytic activity for the photocatalytic reaction, which indicated that CoS improved the separation ratio of photoexcited electrons and holes. The enhanced activity can be attributed to the intimate junctions that are formed between CoS and TiO2, which can reduce the electron-hole recombination. The production rate of hydrogen with 20 wt% CoS/TiO2 photocatalyst was about 5.6 mmol/g/h, which was 67 times higher than that of pure TiO2. The formation rate of HCHO was 1.9 mmol/g/h with 98.7% selectivity. Moreover, the CoS/TiO2 photocatalyst demonstrated good reusability and stability. In the present study, it is demonstrated that CoS can act as an effective cocatalyst to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen and methanal production activity of TiO2. The highly improved performance of the CoS/TiO2 composite was mainly ascribed to the efficient charge separation.

TiO2 has been widely used as a key catalyst in photocatalytic reactions; it also shows good catalytic activity for esterification reactions. Different sulfated M-TiO2 nanoparticles (M = Ag, Au, Rh, and Pt) were prepared by photodeposition and ultrasonic methods. The results show that the noble metal nanoparticles, which were loaded onto a TiO2 surface, slightly affected the crystal phase and particle size of TiO2. Among all the catalysts, S O 4 2 - /Au-TiO2 exhibited the best catalytic activity in the esterification reaction for the synthesis of citric acid n-butyl acetate and in the decomposition of methyl orange, as confirmed by a high conversion rate of up to 98.2% and 100% degradation rate, respectively. This can be attributed to an increase in the Lewis acidity of the catalyst and increased separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs. This superior catalyst has great potential applications in esterification reactions and wastewater treatments.

TiO 2 has been widely used as a key catalyst in photocatalytic reactions; it also shows good catalytic activity for esterification reactions. Different sulfated M-TiO 2 nanoparticles (M = Ag, Au, Rh, and Pt) were prepared by photodeposition and ultrasonic methods. The results show that the noble metal nanoparticles, which were loaded onto a TiO 2 surface, slightly affected the crystal phase and particle size of TiO 2 . Among all the catalysts, S O 4 2 - /Au-TiO 2 exhibited the best catalytic activity in the esterification reaction for the synthesis of citric acid n -butyl acetate and in the decomposition of methyl orange, as confirmed by a high conversion rate of up to 98.2% and 100% degradation rate, respectively. This can be attributed to an increase in the Lewis acidity of the catalyst and increased separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs. This superior catalyst has great potential applications in esterification reactions and wastewater treatments.

The photocatalyzed water splitting reaction in aqueous methanol solution is an efficient preparation method for hydrogen and methanal under mild conditions. In this work, metal sulfide-loaded TiO 2 photocatalysts for hydrogen and methanol production were synthesized by hydrothermal method (180°C/12 h) and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The crystal structures of the samples are the typical anatase phase of TiO 2 and exhibit a spherical morphology. When TiO 2 was loaded with CoS, ZnS, and Bi 2 S 3 , respectively, the resulting catalysts showed photocatalytic activities for water decomposition to hydrogen in aqueous methanol solution under 300 W Xe lamp irradiation. Among the photocatalysts with various compositions, the 20 wt% CoS/TiO 2 sample with a 2.1 eV band gap showed the maximum photocatalytic activity for the photocatalytic reaction, which indicated that CoS improved the separation ratio of photoexcited electrons and holes. The enhanced activity can be attributed to the intimate junctions that are formed between CoS and TiO 2 , which can reduce the electron-hole recombination. The production rate of hydrogen with 20 wt% CoS/TiO 2 photocatalyst was about 5.6 mmol/g/h, which was 67 times higher than that of pure TiO 2 . The formation rate of HCHO was 1.9 mmol/g/h with 98.7% selectivity. Moreover, the CoS/TiO 2 photocatalyst demonstrated good reusability and stability. In the present study, it is demonstrated that CoS can act as an effective cocatalyst to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen and methanal production activity of TiO 2 . The highly improved performance of the CoS/TiO 2 composite was mainly ascribed to the efficient charge separation.

In this work, Co1-xZnxIn2S4 nanocomposites photocatalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and characterized by UV-visible DRS. The prepared Co0.5Zn0.5In2S4 nanocomposites, which exhibits the highest H2 production rate, the value is 36.08 umol·h−1·g−1, exceeding more than 8 times compared with the pure ZnIn2S4 and CoIn2S4. Co0.5Zn0.5In2S4 nanocomposites also has good reuse and stability. Two reasons lead to higher photocatalytic H2 production activity are enough visible-light absorption capacity and suitable conduction band potential of the Co0.5Zn0.5In2S4. In this research, it is proven that Co0.5Zn0.5In2S4nanocompositesphotocatalystscan enhance the photocatalytic H2 production activity. The significant improvement in the performance of Co0.5Zn0.5In2S4 nanocomposites is mainly due to effective charge separation.

A nickel-1,10-phenanthroline complex supported on an octamolybdate, [(Ni(phen)22(ξ-Mo8O26)], has been hydrothermally synthesized with MoO3, H2MoO4, Ni(OAc)2 6H3O and 1,10-phenathroline (1,10-phen) as raw materials. The crystals of the compound belong to monoclinic P21/n space group,a = 1.2952(2),b = 1.6659(10),c = 1.3956(12) nm, β =106.273(8)°,V = 2.8906(5) nm3,Z = 2. 5604 observable reflections (I >2σ(I)) were used for structure resolution and refinements to converge to finalR1 = 0.0414,wR2 = 0.0815. The result of structure determination shows that the compound contains octamolybdate possessing a novel structure type (named as ξ-isomer). The feature of ξ-[Mo8O26]4- is that it is composed of Mo6O6 ring and two MoO6 octahedral located at cap positions on opposite faces. The Mo6O6 ring contains two octahedral and four trigonal-bipyramidal MoVI atoms. Each ξ-[Mo8O26]4- unit is bonded with two [Ni(phen)2]2+ through terminal oxygen atoms of octahedral and neighbouring trigonal-bipyramidal Mo atom in the Mo6O6 ring. IR and UV-Vis spectra of the compound were measured and its electronic structure was studied by EHMO method.

Three novel binuclear CoIIcomplexes, [Co2(TAE)-(phen)4](ClO4)2·3H2O(1),[Co2(TAE)(Nphen)4](ClO4)2 ·4H2O(2) and [CO2(TAE)(bipy)4](ClO4)2·H2O(3) (TAE=tetraacetylethene dianion, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, Nphen=5-nitro·1,10-phenanthroline, bipy =2,2'-bipyridy1), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, i.r., molar conductance and electronic reflection spectra. The complexes are proposed to contain tetraacetylethene dianion bridged structures and two CoII ions. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility of complex (1) was measured in the 4-300 K range. The magnetic coupling parameter is consistent with antiferromagnetic exchange between the two CoII centres and the data fit a binuclear magnetic exchange model based on the Hamiltonian operator ( = -2 J12, S1=S2=3/2), giving the antiferromagnetic coupling parameter of 2J=-1.55cm-1.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]