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Obesity increases atrial fibrillation (AF) risk, but it remains unclear whether this association can be extrapolated to AF patients who undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), and whether there are racial differences. This study aims to explore the role and interaction of body mass index (BMI) and racial factors in the risk of AF recurrence post PVI. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Engineering Index, Wan Fang database, CNKI, and relevant meta-analyses from database inception to May 19, 2025. Standardized data extraction was performed in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Reporting Guidelines. Primary outcome was the recurrence of AF post PVI. Secondary outcomes included procedural complications, and echocardiographic parameters. Finally, 26 studies involving 35,237 individuals were included. The results showed a linear positive correlation between BMI and the risk of AF recurrence post PVI. For every 5-units increase in BMI, the recurrence risk of AF increased by 9%. Subgroup analysis indicated that obese Europeans had a 9% higher recurrence risk (  < 0.001), obese North Americans had a 14% higher recurrence risk (  < 0.001), and Asians had the highest increase in recurrence risk, reaching 37% (  < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis suggested that racial differences were potentially related to the strength of the association between BMI and AF recurrence (  = 0.033). Risk factor analysis identified enlarged left atrial diameter as a potential risk factor contributing to the recurrence of AF (  = 0.021). No statistically significant difference in surgical complications risk was observed between obese and non-obese populations (  = 0.083). Our findings confirm a linear positive correlation between BMI and the risk of AF recurrence post PVI. An enlarged left atrial diameter may be one potential mechanisms underlying AF recurrence. Furthermore, significant racial disparities were identified in AF recurrence risk, with Asian patients showing a significantly higher recurrence risk than European and American patients. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024496463, PROSPERO CRD42024496463.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a causative agent of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal changes in prevalence and geographical distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in mainland China. Methods This study was a systematic review and aggregate data analysis. The literature was searched from multiple databases. The included studies were divided into two groups, the 2010–2016 group and the 2017–2021 group, according to the time period of specimen collection. A total of 17 HPV types were selected. Temporal changes in prevalence and geographical distribution of HPV infection and the effect of the HPV vaccine were analyzed. Results A total of 1,073,296 females from mainland China were included. The total prevalence of the 17 selected HPV types in 2017–2021 was 26.06% which was significantly higher than the 23.20% in 2010–2016 ( P  < 0.001). The total prevalence of the 17 selected HPV types significantly increased in 11 regions, among which Jiangxi, Beijing, Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, and Zhejiang increased by more than 1.5 times in 2017–2021 compared to 2010–2016 ( P  < 0.05). The national prevalence of HPV51, 59, 53, 56, 39, 45, 66, 52, 35, 68 and 58 significantly increased ( P  < 0.001), while the prevalence of HPV33, 16, 6, and 11 significantly decreased ( P  < 0.05) in 2017–2021 compared to 2010–2016. The national prevalence of HPV 52, 16, 58, 53, and 51 ranked in the top 5 from 2017-2021. A 10.05% reduction in the national prevalence of 2-HPV type targeted by bivalent vaccine and a 13.09% reduction in that of 4-HPV type targeted by quadrivalent vaccine were found from 2010-2016 through 2017–2021. Conclusions The prevalence of HPV infection among females remains high and shows a significant increase in the mainland China. The top five most common HPV types in females in 2017–2021 were HPV 52, 16, 58, 53 and 51. Although some effectiveness of HPV vaccination has already been observed, particular attention should be paid to the high prevalence of nonvaccine genotypes including HPV 53 and HPV 51 in mainland China.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used due to their profound efficacy in glycemic control and weight management. Real-world observations have revealed potential neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs) associated with GLP-1RAs. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate and characterize these neuropsychiatric AEs with GLP-1RAs. We analyzed GLP-1RA adverse reaction reports using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Disproportionality analysis using reporting odds ratio (ROR) identified eight categories of neuropsychiatric AEs associated with GLP-1RAs. We conducted descriptive and time-to-onset (TTO) analyses and explored neuropsychiatric AE signals among individual GLP-1RAs for weight loss and diabetes mellitus (DM) indications. We identified 25,110 cases of GLP-1RA-related neuropsychiatric AEs. GLP-1RAs showed an association with headache (ROR 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65-1.84), migraine (ROR 1.28, 95%CI 1.06-1.55), and olfactory and sensory nerve abnormalities (ROR 2.44, 95%CI 1.83-3.25; ROR 1.69, 95%CI 1.54-1.85). Semaglutide showed a moderate suicide-related AEs signal in the weight loss population (ROR 2.55, 95%CI 1.97-3.31). The median TTO was 16 days (interquartile range: 3-66 days). In this study, we identified eight potential neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs) associated with GLP-1RAs and, for the first time, detected positive signals for migraine, olfactory abnormalities, and sensory abnormalities. We also observed positive suicide-related signals of semaglutide, in weight loss population. This study provides a reliable basis for further investigation of GLP-1RA-related neuropsychiatric AEs. However, as an exploratory study, our findings require confirmation through large-scale prospective studies.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in a variety of clinical situations. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of Mfn2 during renal I/R injury. Overexpression of Mfn2 in NRK-52E rat renal tubular epithelial cells and rats, then we constructed hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) cells and I/R rat model. Apoptosis, ROS, ATP, Ca 2+ levels in cells and rats, as well as renal tissue and functional injury in rats were detected respectively. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was further examined in cells and rats. The morphological changes of mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) were also detected. Mfn2 expression is reduced in H/R-treated NRK-52E cells and renal tissue of I/R rats. At the cellular level, overexpression of Mfn2 promoted cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, attenuated mitochondrial damage and Ca 2+ overload, and ER stress. In addition, Mfn2 also restored the MAMs structure. In vivo experiments found that overexpression of Mfn2 could improve renal function and alleviate tissue injury. Concomitant with elevated Mfn2 expression in the kidney, reduced renal cell apoptosis, restored mitochondrial function, and reduced calcium overload. Finally, ER stress in rat kidney tissue was alleviated after overexpression of Mfn2. These results reveal that Mfn2 contributes to ER stress, mitochondrial function, and cell death in I/R injury, which provides a novel therapeutic target for AKI.

Adaptive array processing technology for a phased array radar is usually based on the assumption of a stationary environment; however, in real-world scenarios, nonstationary interference and noise deteriorate the performance of the traditional gradient descent algorithm, in which the learning rate of the tap weights is fixed, leading to errors in the beam pattern and a reduced output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we use the incremental delta-bar-delta (IDBD) algorithm, which has been widely used for system identification problems in nonstationary environments, to control the time-varying learning rates of the tap weights. The designed iteration formula for the learning rate ensures that the tap weights adaptively track the Wiener solution. The results of numerical simulations show that in a nonstationary environment, the traditional gradient descent algorithm with a fixed learning rate has a distorted beam pattern and reduced output SNR; however, the IDBD-based beamforming algorithm, in which a secondary control mechanism is used to adaptively update the learning rates, showed a similar beam pattern and output SNR to a traditional beamformer in a Gaussian white noise background; that is, the main beam and null satisfied the pointing constraints, and the optimal output SNR was obtained. Although the proposed algorithm contains a matrix inversion operation, which has considerable computational complexity, this operation could be replaced by the Levinson–Durbin iteration due to the Toeplitz characteristic of the matrix; therefore, the computational complexity could be decreased to O(n), so additional computing resources are not required. Moreover, according to some intuitive interpretations, the reliability and stability of the algorithm are guaranteed.

In today’s digital age, the effort of medical enterprises towards green innovation has gained traction in academic and business circles. However, the current research system for medical equipment suppliers lacks a systematic study on how digital transformation can enhance the outcomes of green innovation. This research aims to develop a theoretical framework for digital transformation, environmental resource integration capability, managerial environmental concern and green innovation performance with respect to the resource-based view and conducting empirical analysis using survey data from medical equipment supply enterprises. Our findings reveal that digital transformation has a significant effect on the promotion of green innovation performance through environmental resource integration capability. Moreover, the managerial environmental concern moderates above mediation effect. These findings not only provide compelling insights into the impact of digital transformation on green innovation performance but also have important implications for sustainable development and cleaner production relevant academic research and policy-making.

As one of the featured products in northeast China, Oviductus Ranae has been widely used as a nutritious food, which contains a variety of bioactive unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). It is necessary to establish a scientific and reliable determination method of UFA contents in Oviductus Ranae. In this work, six principal UFAs in Oviductus Ranae, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA), were identified using UPLC-MS/MS. The UFAs identified in Oviductus Ranae were further separated based on the optimized RP-HPLC conditions. Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) method was implemented in content determination of EPA, ALA, DHA, ARA and OA, where LA was used as the internal standard. The experiments based on Taguchi design verified the robustness of the QAMS method on different HPLC instruments and chromatographic columns. The QAMS and external standard method (ESM) were used to calculate the UFA content of 15 batches of Oviductus Ranae samples from different regions. The relative error (r < 0.73%) and cosine coefficient showed that the two methods obtained similar contents, and the method validations met the requirements. The results showed that QAMS can comprehensively and effectively control the quality of UFAs in Oviductus Ranae which provides new ideas and solutions for studying the active components in Oviductus Ranae.

Exploring NPP changes and their corresponding drivers is significant for the achievement of sustainable ecosystem management and in addressing climate change. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal variation in NPP and analyze the effects of vegetation and climate change on the global NPP from 2003 to 2020. Methodologically, the Theil–Sen and Mann–Kendall methods were used to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of global NPP change. Moreover, a ridge regression model was built by selecting the vegetation indicators of the leaf area index (LAI) and fraction vegetation coverage (FVC) and the climate factors of CO2, shortwave downward solar radiation (Rsd), precipitation (P), and temperature (T). Then, the relative contributions of each factor were evaluated. The results showed that, over the previous two decades, the global mean NPP reached 503.43 g C m−2 yr−1, with a fluctuating upward trend of 1.52 g C m−2 yr−1. The regions with a significant increase in NPP (9.22 g C m−2 yr−1) were mainly located in Central Africa, while the regions with decreasing NPP (−3.21 g C m−2 yr−1) were primarily in the Amazon Rainforest in northern South America. Additionally, CO2, the LAI, and the FVC exhibited positive contributions to the NPP trend, with the predominant factors being CO2 (relative contribution of 32.22%) and the LAI (relative contribution of 21.96%). In contrast, the contributions of Rsd and precipitation were relatively low (<10%). In addition, the contributions varied at different land cover and climate zone scales. The CO2, LAI, FVC, and temperature were the predominant factors affecting NPP across the vegetation types. At the scale of climate zones, CO2 was the predominant factor influencing changes in vegetation NPP. As the climate gradually transitioned towards temperate and cold regions, the contribution of the LAI to NPP increased. The findings of this study help to clarify the effects of vegetation and climate change on the ecosystem, providing theoretical support for ecological environmental protection and other related initiatives.

In this study, 1-methylhydantoin cinnamic imides were synthesized from 1-methylhydantoin and trans-cinnamic acid, and their anti-inflammatory activity was investigated. The anti-inflammatory activity in vitro was evaluated by measuring the contents of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatant of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. The cytotoxicity of 1-methylhydantoin cinnamoyl imides on RAW264.7 cells was detected using the CCK-8 method. The results showed that compounds 2 and 4 can significantly inhibit the release of NO and reduce the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β. Compound 3 inhibited the production of TNF-α. The inhibition rate of COX was evaluated in vitro. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the five compounds were evaluated by establishing an animal model of xylene ear swelling. The results showed that 1-methylhydantoin cinnamic imides could alleviate xylene-induced ear edema in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, the effect of compound 5 was the most significant. Under the action of high dosage, its ear swelling inhibition rate was as high as 52.08%.

In this paper, we are studying a class of nonlinear fractional difference equations with time-varying delays in Banach space. By means of mathematical induction and the Picard iteration method, we first obtain the existence result of this fractional difference system. Under some new criteria along with the Schauder’s fixed point theorem, we then derive the attractivity conclusions. Subsequently, with the aid of Grönwall’s inequality, we prove that the system is globally attractive. Finally, we give two examples to prove the validity of our theorems.