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دخلت الصين مرحلة جديدة من التطور خلال العقود الثلاثة، مع بدئها بتنفيذ سياسة الإصلاح والانفتاح، فاحتل اقتصادها في العام 2010 م، المرتبة الثانية لأكبر اقتصاد في العالم، نتيجة سنوات طويلة من العمل الشاق، لبناء دولة اشتراكية قوية، والترويج لحوكمة جديدة، إلى جانب التطور المتسارع لكل من العلوم والتكنولوجيا والتعليم، تحت قيادة الرئيس شي جين بينغ الحكيمة التي عكست وجهة نظره الثاقبة والمتمثلة في دمج النظرية بالممارسة لمواكبة الزمن. وبناء عليه، سيعالج هذا الكتاب أهم الخطوط العريضة التي قام عليها فكر شي جين بينغ في حوكمة الصين، وبناء دولة ابتكارية تعطي الأولوية لتطوير العلوم والتكنولوجيا والتعليم، وإغنائها بالمواهب الشابة، بهدف الحفاظ على استمرارية النهضة التي تشهدها الأمة الصينية حاليا، والشير أكثر فأكثر إلى الأمام.

Accumulating evidence indicated that activation of microglia and neuroinflammation reaction played a prominent role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be associated with immune responses and brain damage, but its effects on AD remain unclear. This study mainly aimed to investigate the protective effect of TAK-242 (TLR4 specific inhibitor) on the microglia polarization and neuroprotection in AD mouse model and the underlying mechanisms. We found that APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice exhibited a dramatic increase in TLR4 levels concomitant with a significantly higher expression of inflammatory microglia in contrast to C57BL/6 wild type mice. Furthermore, inhibiton of TLR4 by TAK-242 administration significantly improved neurological function, decreased the level of Bax and caused a significant reduction in the levels of M1-markers (iNOS and TNFα), while the expressions of M2-phenotype markers (Trem-2 and Arg-1) were increased both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, TAK-242 treatment enhanced BV2 microglial phagocytosis. Moreover, Aβ25-35 caused the upregulation of inflammatory cytokine production, MyD88, NF-kappaB-p65 and NLRP3, which could be ameliorated by NLRP3-siRNA or TAK-242, an inhibitor of TLR4. These findings indicated that TLR4 inhibition provided neuroprotection and promoted microglia switch from the inflammatory M1 phenotype to the protective M2 phenotype in AD. The mechanism may be related to modulation of the MyD88/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes, with its prevalence increasing globally. While previous research has linked obesity indices such as body mass index (BMI) to DR, the association with weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) remains unclear. Additionally, the relationship between WWI and DR has not been fully elucidated. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008) to investigate these associations in Americans aged 40 and above. The study included 5436 participants (2705 men and 2731 women). Weighted logistic regression analysis revealed a significant increase in DR prevalence with higher WWI and BMI values. Smooth curve analysis demonstrated a linear correlation between WWI and DR. The findings suggest that both WWI and BMI are independently associated with DR risk among older US adults, highlighting the importance of considering central obesity measures in assessing diabetic complications.

Accurate trajectory prediction is an essential task in automated driving, which is achieved by sensing and analyzing the behavior of surrounding vehicles. Although plenty of research works have been invested in this field, it is still a challenging subject due to the environment’s complexity and the driving intention uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a joint learning architecture to incorporate the lane orientation, vehicle interaction, and driving intention in vehicle trajectory forecasting. This work employs a coordinate transform to encode the vehicle trajectory with lane orientation information, which is further incorporated into various interaction models to explore the mutual trajectory relations. Extracted features are applied in a dual-level stochastic choice learning to distinguish the trajectory modality at both the intention and motion levels. By collaborative learning of lane orientation, interaction, and intention, our approach can be applied to both highway and urban scenes. Experiments on the NGSIM, HighD, and Argoverse datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement in prediction accuracy compared with the baseline.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with their large surface area and numerous active sites have attracted significant research attention. Recently, the application of MOFs for the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants has provided effective solutions to address diverse environmental problems. In this review, the latest progress in MOF-based removal and degradation of organic pollutants is summarized according to the different roles of MOFs in the removal reaction systems, such as physical adsorbents, enzyme-immobilization carriers, nanozymes, catalysts for photocatalysis, photo-Fenton and sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). Finally, the opportunities and challenges of developing advanced MOFs for the removal of organic pollutants are discussed and anticipated.

This paper conducts research based on the hollow slab members in the reconstruction and expansion project of expressways, two types of numerical finite element models with and without considering bond-slip relationship of reinforcement and concrete are established, and verified by tests. The distribution characteristics of crack spacing in reinforced concrete beams are studied. The results show that the bond-slip characteristics of reinforced concrete have little effect on the load-deflection characteristics of 8m hollow slab beam. Due to the influence of the bond-slip relationship of reinforced concrete, the load-deflection curve is partially serrated, while without considering the bond-slip relationship of reinforced concrete, the load-deflection curve is smooth. In the numerical model without considering the bond-slip characteristics, almost all damage occurs in the longitudinal direction, and the distribution characteristics of cracks can’t be accurately determined. Regardless of whether the bond-slip is considered or not, the macroscopic characteristics of the stress distribution is: smaller near the support and larger at the mid-span. As secondary flexural cracks expand, models with and without consideration of bond-slip characteristics can’t calculate crack spacing based on the stress distribution characteristics of the reinforcement.

Fusel alcohols (FAs) are a type of flavor compound found in rice wine. An overly high FA content not only leads to spicy, bitter, and astringent taste but also has side effects. Therefore, screening for yeast that produce low FA contents has attracted much attention. Thirty-two yeast strains were isolated from fermenting material during Luzhou -flavor liquor production in this study. Strain YB-12 was selected as a suitable candidate for rice wine production. The strain was identified as a member of the genus Meyerozyma based on phylogenetic analysis using 26S rDNA gene sequences. The ability of strain YB-12 to produce ethanol was similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-567, while isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol production was only 53.96% and 50.23%, respectively, of that of NRRL Y-567. The FA yield of rice wine produced with strain YB-12 was reduced to 51.85% in a 20 L fermenter. These results demonstrate that strain YB-12 presents promising characteristics for use in the production of rice wine with a potentially low content of FAs.

This study aimed to explore a valid test protocol for measuring VO 2max in healthy untrained male Wistar rats of different ages and quantifying the exercise intensity (%VO 2max ) of running under different treadmill grades and speeds. The test protocols and %VO 2max will provide a reference for the design of exercise intensity. We tested male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks, 10 weeks, 10 months and 16 months old with three test protocols (Procedure 1 [P1], 2 [P2] and 3 [P3]) for each age group to quantify VO 2max . We analysed VO 2max , respiratory exchange ratio and test duration to determine an optimal test protocol of VO 2max for different age groups. We used the optimal test protocol to explore the changes in age-related VO 2max . Finally, %VO 2max of running under different treadmill speeds and grades was quantified. VO 2max of Wistar rats decreased significantly after the age of 4 weeks ( p  < 0.05). The optimum VO 2max can be induced by personalised protocols for different ages. In 4-week-old Wistar rats, the highest VO 2max values were attained by P1 (104.4 ± 6.9 mL · kg −1  · min −1 , p  = 0.032). The highest VO 2max value (84.7 ± 3.7 mL · kg −1  · min −1 , p  = 0.037) of 8-week-old Wistar rats was attained in P2. In 10-month-old Wistar rats, the highest VO 2max value was obtained in P3 (63.3 ± 1.7 mL · kg −1  · min −1 ). This work could be used as a reference for assessing aerobic capacity in studies on exercise intervention with untrained male Wistar rats. However, the %VO 2max measurements at various treadmill speeds and grades only apply to untrained male Wistar rats.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Existing pharmaceutical treatments offer alleviation of symptoms but cannot delay disease progression and are often associated with significant side effects. Clinical studies have demonstrated that acupuncture may be beneficial for PD treatment, particularly in terms of ameliorating PD symptoms when combined with anti-PD medication, reducing the required dose of medication and associated side effects. During early stages of PD, acupuncture may even be used to replace medication. It has also been found that acupuncture can protect dopaminergic neurons from degeneration via antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic pathways as well as modulating the neurotransmitter balance in the basal ganglia circuit. Here, we review current studies and reflect on the potential of acupuncture as a novel and effective treatment strategy for PD. We found that particularly during the early stages, acupuncture may reduce neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons and regulate the balance of the dopaminergic circuit, thus delaying the progression of the disease. The benefits of acupuncture will need to be further verified through basic and clinical studies.

Background Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the brain, is associated with poor prognosis. Glioblastoma cells exhibit high proliferative and invasive properties, and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been shown to play a crucial role in the malignant behavior of glioblastoma cells. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in GSCs maintenance and malignant progression. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed based on data from public databases to explore the expression profile of Mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 2 (MAD2L2) and its potential function in glioma. The impact of MAD2L2 on glioblastoma cell behaviors was assessed through cell viability assays (CCK8), colony formation assays, 5-Ethynyl-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (EDU) incorporation assays, scratch assays, and transwell migration/invasion assays. The findings from in vitro experiments were further validated in vivo using xenograft tumor model. GSCs were isolated from the U87 and LN229 cell lines through flow cytometry and the stemness characteristics were verified by immunofluorescence staining. The sphere-forming ability of GSCs was examined using the stem cell sphere formation assay. Bioinformatics methods were conducted to identified the potential downstream target genes of MAD2L2, followed by in vitro experimental validation. Furthermore, potential upstream transcription factors that regulate MAD2L2 expression were confirmed through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results The MAD2L2 exhibited high expression in glioblastoma samples and showed significant correlation with patient prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that silencing of MAD2L2 led to decreased proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities of glioblastoma cells, while decreasing stemness characteristics of glioblastoma stem cells. Conversely, overexpression of MAD2L2 enhanced these malignant behaviors. Further investigation revealed that MYC proto-oncogene (c-MYC) mediated the functional role of MAD2L2 in glioblastoma, which was further validated through a rescue experiment. Moreover, using dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and ChIP assays determined that the upstream transcription factor E2F-1 regulated the expression of MAD2L2. Conclusion Our study elucidated the role of MAD2L2 in maintaining glioblastoma stemness and promoting malignant behaviors through the regulation of c-MYC, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.