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To accurately understand the fertilizer requirements of blueberries during various growth stages, this study utilized 7-year-old rabbiteye blueberry cultivar 'Powderblue' as the research material. Based on leaf ecological stoichiometry, combined with photosynthetic rate and leaf area, the theoretical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements were calculated every 10 days across four growth stages: flowering (S1), fruit setting (S2), young fruit development (S3), and fruit expansion (S4). Fertilization experiments with 1× (1F), 5× (5F), 10× (10F), and 15× (15F) of the theoretical nutrient demands were conducted during these four stages to investigate the effects of varying NPK application rates on soil nutrient content throughout the annual growth cycle. Results indicated that high fertilizer treatments significantly increased short-term soil N, P, and K availability; however, their concentrations decreased by day 10 post-application, indicating the necessity for topdressing at 10-day intervals to maintain nutrient effectiveness. Soil organic carbon and organic matter levels tended to increase on day 5 post-fertilization but generally decreased by day 10, with more pronounced declines observed in low-rate treatments (e.g., 1F). Soil stoichiometric ratios remained relatively stable across fertilizer gradients, suggesting that plants absorbed nutrients proportionally while maintaining a balance of residual nutrients. Blueberries exhibited higher N uptake compared to P and K across all stages, with the fruit expansion stage demonstrating the highest nutrient absorption rates-2.95 to 10.55 times (N), 3.05 to 6.53 times (P), and 2.77 to 8.54 times (K) those of the preceding stages. These findings underscore the necessity of prioritizing nitrogen (N) supply while dynamically adjusting phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application ratios during each growth phase, particularly during the fruit expansion stage. Furthermore, balancing soil organic matter mineralization and accumulation is crucial for achieving synergistic regulation of nutrient use efficiency and soil health.

To accurately understand the fertilizer requirements of blueberries during various growth stages, this study utilized 7-year-old rabbiteye blueberry cultivar ‘Powderblue’ as the research material. Based on leaf ecological stoichiometry, combined with photosynthetic rate and leaf area, the theoretical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements were calculated every 10 days across four growth stages: flowering (S1), fruit setting (S2), young fruit development (S3), and fruit expansion (S4). Fertilization experiments with 1× (1F), 5× (5F), 10× (10F), and 15× (15F) of the theoretical nutrient demands were conducted during these four stages to investigate the effects of varying NPK application rates on soil nutrient content throughout the annual growth cycle. Results indicated that high fertilizer treatments significantly increased short-term soil N, P, and K availability; however, their concentrations decreased by day 10 post-application, indicating the necessity for topdressing at 10-day intervals to maintain nutrient effectiveness. Soil organic carbon and organic matter levels tended to increase on day 5 post-fertilization but generally decreased by day 10, with more pronounced declines observed in low-rate treatments (e.g., 1F). Soil stoichiometric ratios remained relatively stable across fertilizer gradients, suggesting that plants absorbed nutrients proportionally while maintaining a balance of residual nutrients. Blueberries exhibited higher N uptake compared to P and K across all stages, with the fruit expansion stage demonstrating the highest nutrient absorption rates—2.95 to 10.55 times (N), 3.05 to 6.53 times (P), and 2.77 to 8.54 times (K) those of the preceding stages. These findings underscore the necessity of prioritizing nitrogen (N) supply while dynamically adjusting phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application ratios during each growth phase, particularly during the fruit expansion stage. Furthermore, balancing soil organic matter mineralization and accumulation is crucial for achieving synergistic regulation of nutrient use efficiency and soil health.

Psychometric network analysis (PNA) has been gaining great popularity over the past decade. As a promising dimensionality assessment method, existing research has shown that PNA is able to outperform traditional methods such as exploratory factor analysis in examining the internal structure of a latent construct, and various R packages have been developed to carry out PNA. Yet, PNA has not been widely used in various fields due to researchers’ lack of familiarization with this method and the available R packages. Therefore, this study aims to briefly review the PNA method, compare different R packages, and provide step-by-step guidance on how to use these R packages to conduct PNA using a personality dataset.

Between 2022 and 2023, four systematic fish surveys were carried out in the Poyang Lake basin (PLB), capturing 49,192 fish (7017 kg) and identifying 120 species from 10 orders, 21 families, and 70 genera. Cypriniformes were the most dominant, accounting for 79 species. The spring and autumn surveys collected 25,734 and 23,458 individuals, respectively, with corresponding biomasses of 3978 kg and 3038 kg. Dominant species (IRI > 1000) in the study area included Hemiculter leucisculus, Megalobrama skolkovii, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Aristichthys nobilis. Additionally, critically endangered species such as Ochetobius elongatus, Myxocyprinus asiaticus, and Acipenser sinensis as well as exotic species like Cirrhinus mrigala and euryhaline species like Cynoglossus gracilis and Hyporhamphus intermedius were observed. Hierarchical clustering grouped the survey stations into three distinct areas (PYS, XBMS, and XBUS), with the ANOSIM analysis showing highly significant differences (R = 0.893, p < 0.01). Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that in spring, total phosphorus (TP) and temperature were the main factors influencing variability (80.50%), while in autumn, temperature, oil, and pH were the key factors (75.20%). This study emphasizes the predictable changes in fish community composition caused by environmental gradients and highlights the need for ongoing monitoring to effectively manage and protect the ecosystem, particularly in the post-fishing ban period.

Ochetobius elongatus , a critically endangered species found in the Yangtze River was the subject of our study in which we leveraged PacBio and Hi-C data to assemble a chromosome-scale genome. This assembly comprises 24 pseudo-chromosomes, yielding a genome size of 883.1 Mb with a scaffold N50 length of 35.1 Mb, indicative of a highly contiguous assembly. A BUSCO assessment ascertained the comprehensiveness of the genome at 98.3%. Annotation efforts identified 28,674 putative protein-coding genes, with 44.63% of the assembled genome annotated as repetitive sequences. Collinearity analysis between O. elongatus and two other species from the family Xenocyprididae revealed high collinearity, indicating good assembly quality of O. elongatus The completion of the O. elongatus genome assembly in this study signifies a critical advancement for its conservation, enabling deeper insights into its genetic diversity and facilitating the development of targeted preservation strategies.

Oil sorbents are an attractive option for oil-spill cleanup as they may be used for collection and complete removal of oil without adversely affecting the environment. However, traditional oil sorbents exhibit low oil/water separation efficiency and/or low oil-sorption capacity. In this study, an ultra-high performance graphene/polyurethane （PU） sponge has been successfully obtained by in situ polymerization in the presence of graphene dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone （NMP）. During polymerization, the NMP/graphene dispersion not only serves as a weak amine catalyst for the formation of the sponge, but promotes fixation of the graphene sheets in the framework of the PU sponge owing to the strong dipole interaction between NMP and graphene. The as-prepared graphene/PU sponge was used as an absorbing material for the continuous removal of oil from oil-spill water. The graphene/PU sponge can continuously and rapidly remove oils from immiscible oil/water mixtures in corrosive solutions, including strong acids and bases, hot water, and ice water, with an excellent separation efficiency of above 99.99%. In addition, the as-prepared graphene/PU sponge was effective in separating surfactant-stabilized emulsions with a high separation efficiency of 〉99.91%.

In this paper, the isothermal thermal compression simulation test of 2024 aluminum alloy was carried out. The deformation temperature is 573-723 K, the strain rate is 0.01-10 s −1 , and the deformation amount is 50%. The experimental results show that the change of flow stress is inversely proportional to the deformation temperature, but directly proportional to the strain rate. OM and TEM were used to observe the microstructure after thermal deformation, the increase of temperature and the decrease of strain rate contribute to the formation of recrystallization and the decrease of dislocation density, which is the main reason for dynamic softening. The thermal deformation activation energy of 2024 aluminum alloy is 201.62 kJ/mol. The experimental peak stress constitutive model is in good agreement with the calculated value. Based on the Prasad instability model and the dynamic material model, the hot working diagram of 2024 aluminum alloy is established to construct the true strain of 50%. The ideal deformation conditions are the deformation temperature of 573-673 K and strain rate of 0.01-0.1 s −1 .

Using the improved Sauer cavitation model and K-FWH acoustic model proposed by Yang Qiongfang to numerically calculate the unsteady cavitation flow field of NACA0015 three-dimensional hydrofoil, the noise of the three-dimensional hydrofoil was calculated, and the cavitation process and cavitation noise of the hydrofoil were numerically predicted. The results demonstrate that the hydrofoil cavitation shows distinctive characteristics of pulsation and periodicity. The main cause of formation and detachment of cavitation bubbles is the reverse jet nearby the hydrofoil wall due to eddies. By analyzing the sound pressure pulsation characteristics of each monitoring point, it can be concluded that the noise transmission in the leading edge of the hydrofoil is consistent with the direction of the mainstream, no reverse transmission. In the development process of cavitation, the noise signals in cavitation area tend to be superimposed downstream. When the signals transmit to the flowing area at the trailing edge of the hydrofoil, they gradually attenuate until being exhausted.