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"Wang, Xiao-Kai"
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التخفيف من حدة الفقر في الصين المعاصرة
استنادا إلى نظرة عامة على أوضاع الفقر، يقدم هذا الكتاب مسار التخفيف من حدة الفقر والتنمية في الصين، ويشرح نموذج التنمية والتخفي من حدة الفقر بخصائص صينية والتمسك بمباديء (سيطرة الحكومة ومشاركة المجتمع والاعتماد على الذات والتنمية الموجهة والتنمية الشاملة) كما يقدم الكتاب تلخيصا شاملا لإنجازات الصين العظيمة وخبراتها الهامة وإسهاماتها الرئيسية في قضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم، ويعرض بإيجاز نظرات وممارسات التخفيف المستهدف من الفقر في العصر الجديد من أجل توفير مراجع لكسب المعركة ضد الفقر في الصين وقضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم.
Book
Clinical effects and gut microbiota changes of using probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
PurposeProbiotics have been reported to be beneficial for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the types, number of strains, dosage, and intervention time of probiotics used remain controversial. Furthermore, the changes of gut microbiota in IBD’s patients are also intriguing. Thus, this meta-analysis was to explore the clinical effects and gut microbiota changes of using probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in IBD.MethodsThe search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane library from inception to April 2020. Qualified randomized controlled trials were included. IBD’s remission rate, disease activity index and recurrence rate were extracted and analyzed. Changes in the gut microbiota of patients with IBD are comprehensively described.ResultsThirty-eight articles were included. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics can induce/maintain IBD’s remission and reduce ulcerative colitis (UC) disease activity index (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.26, P < 0.05; SMD = 1.00, 95% CI 0.27, 1.73, P < 0.05). In subgroup analyses of IBD remission rate and UC disease activity index, we obtained some statistically significant results in some subgroup (P < 0.05). To some extent, probiotic supplements can increase the number of beneficial bacteria (especially Bifidobacteria) in the intestinal tract of patients with IBD.ConclusionsOur results support the treatment of IBD (especially UC) with pro/pre/synbiotics, and synbiotics are more effective. Probiotic supplements that are based on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium or more than one strain are more likely to be beneficial for IBD remission. The dose of 1010–1012 CFU/day may be a reference range for using probiotics to relieve IBD.
Journal Article
Aged bone matrix-derived extracellular vesicles as a messenger for calcification paradox
Adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) instead of osteoblast formation contributes to age- and menopause-related marrow adiposity and osteoporosis. Vascular calcification often occurs with osteoporosis, a contradictory association called “calcification paradox”. Here we show that extracellular vesicles derived from aged bone matrix (AB-EVs) during bone resorption favor BMSC adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis and augment calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Intravenous or intramedullary injection of AB-EVs promotes bone-fat imbalance and exacerbates Vitamin D3 (VD3)-induced vascular calcification in young or old mice. Alendronate (ALE), a bone resorption inhibitor, down-regulates AB-EVs release and attenuates aging- and ovariectomy-induced bone-fat imbalance. In the VD3-treated aged mice, ALE suppresses the ovariectomy-induced aggravation of vascular calcification. MiR-483-5p and miR-2861 are enriched in AB-EVs and essential for the AB-EVs-induced bone-fat imbalance and exacerbation of vascular calcification. Our study uncovers the role of AB-EVs as a messenger for calcification paradox by transferring miR-483-5p and miR-2861.
This study uncovers the role of extracellular vesicles from bone matrix as a messenger in the development of osteoporosis and vascular calcification (calcification paradox) during skeletal aging and menopause by transferring miR-483-5p and miR-2861.
Journal Article
Association of whole grains intake and the risk of digestive tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background
Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between whole grains intake and digestive tract cancer risk; however, the results are still controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the association.
Methods
Studies published before March 2020 were searched in database and other sources. The risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using fix or random-effects models.
Results
This meta-analysis included 34 articles reporting 35 studies, 18 studies of colorectal cancer, 11 studies of gastric cancer and 6 studies of esophagus cancer, involving 2,663,278 participants and 28,921 cases. Comparing the highest-intake participants with the lowest-intake participants for whole grains, we found that the intake of whole grains were inversely related to colorectal cancer (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84–0.93,
P
< 0.001), gastric cancer (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.53–0.79,
P <
0.001), esophagus cancer (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.44–0.67,
P <
0.001), respectively. However, subgroup analysis of colorectal cancer found no significant association in the case-control studies and studies of sample size < 500, and subgroup analysis of gastric cancer found no significant association in the cohort studies and studies of American population. No study significantly affected the findings in the sensitivity analysis. No publication bias was found in the studies for colorectal cancer and esophagus cancer except in the studies for gastric cancer.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis provides further evidence that whole grains intake was associated with a reduced risk of digestive tract cancer. Our result supports the dietary guidelines that increase whole grains intake to reduce the risk of digestive tract cancer.
Journal Article
Chidamide increases the sensitivity of refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia cells to anthracyclines via regulation of the HDAC3 -AKT-P21-CDK2 signaling pathway
Background
Induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen. However, many patients experience a relapse or exhibit refractory disease (R/R). There is an urgent need for more effective regimens to reverse anthracycline resistance in these patients.
Methods
In this paper, Twenty-seven R/R AML patients with anthracycline resistance consecutively received chidamide in combination with anthracycline-based regimen as salvage therapy at the Chinese PLA General Hospital.
Results
Of the 27 patients who had received one course of salvage therapy, 13 achieved a complete response and 1 achieved a partial response. We found that the HDAC3-AKT-P21-CDK2 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in anthracycline-resistant AML cells compared to non-resistant cells. AML patients with higher levels of HDAC3 had lower event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Moreover, anthracycline-resistant AML cells are susceptible to chidamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor which can inhibit cell proliferation, increase cell apoptosis and induce cell-cycle arrest in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Chidamide increases the sensitivity of anthracycline-resistant cells to anthracycline drugs, and these effects are associated with the inhibition of the HDAC3-AKT-P21-CDK2 signaling pathway.
Conclusion
Chidamide can increase anthracycline drug sensitivity by inhibiting HDAC3-AKT-P21-CDK2 signaling pathway, thus demonstrating the potential for application.
Journal Article
Reassessing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mouse bone marrow: insights from lineage tracing models
Endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play crucial roles in supporting hematopoiesis and hematopoietic regeneration. However, whether ECs are a source of BMSCs remains unclear. Here, we evaluate the contribution of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to BMSC generation in postnatal mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies ECs expressing BMSC markers
Prrx1
and
Lepr
; however, this could not be validated using
Prrx1-Cre
and
Lepr-Cre
transgenic mice. Additionally, only a minority of BMSCs are marked by EC lineage tracing models using
Cdh5-rtTA-tetO-Cre
or
Tek-CreERT2
. Moreover,
Cdh5
+
BMSCs and
Tek
+
BMSCs show distinct spatial distributions and characteristic mesenchymal markers, suggestive of their origination from different progenitors rather than CDH5
+
TEK
+
ECs. Furthermore, myeloablation induced by 5-fluorouracil treatment does not increase
Cdh5
+
BMSCs. Our findings indicate that ECs hardly convert to BMSCs during homeostasis and myeloablation-induced hematopoietic regeneration, highlighting the importance of using appropriate genetic models and conducting careful data interpretation in studies concerning endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) support hematopoiesis and hematopoietic regeneration. Whether ECs are a source of BMSCs remains unclear. Here, using lineage tracing models the authors show that ECs are not a source of BMSCs during homeostasis and regeneration.
Journal Article
Effective Thermal Conductivity Estimation of Fractured Rock Masses
In this work, effective thermal conductivity (λEff) of fractured rock masses was numerically investigated. A two-dimensional Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model of the fractured rock masses was established based on the statistic results of natural fracture development in a potential area for high level radioactive waste disposal in China. Steady state heat transfer processes in the fractured granite rock masses were numerically simulated using finite element method (FEM). The calculated λEff values of the fractured granite rock masses in dry and saturated conditions are 1.99 W/(m K) and 2.31 W/(m K), respectively. Compared with the thermal conductivity of intact granite [λIntact, 2.5 W/(m K)], the drop rates are 20.4% and 7.6%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was conducted on the main model parameters including fracture density (FDensity), trace length (FLength), thermal contact resistance (FTCR), and λIntact. The results indicate the relation between λEff and three fracture parameters (FDensity, Flength and FTCR) can be fitted using power law or negative exponent functions with good consistency. When fracture network parameters remain unchanged, λEff is in linear positive correlation to λIntact. The slop of the fitted line is determined by the fracture network parameters. Due to the fact that distribution of generated fractures in different directions are quite uniform, λEff did not show significant difference in different directions. On the basis of the above-mentioned results, an estimation model was proposed for the determination of λEff of fractured rock masses using P21 (total length of fracture traces per unit area), FTCR, and λIntact. The proposed estimation model shows good consistency to the calculated results of FEM model.
Journal Article
Dynamic Correlation Analysis Method of Air Pollutants in Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Pollutant analysis and pollution source tracing are critical issues in air quality management, in which correlation analysis is important for pollutant relation modeling. A dynamic correlation analysis method was proposed to meet the real-time requirement in atmospheric management. Firstly, the spatio-temporal analysis framework was designed, in which the process of data monitoring, correlation calculation, and result presentation were defined. Secondly, the core correlation calculation method was improved with an adaptive data truncation and grey relational analysis. Thirdly, based on the general framework and correlation calculation, the whole algorithm was proposed for various analysis tasks in time and space, providing the data basis for ranking and decision on pollutant effects. Finally, experiments were conducted with the practical data monitored in an industrial park of Hebei Province, China. The different pollutants in multiple monitoring stations were analyzed crosswise. The dynamic features of the results were obtained to present the variational correlation degrees from the proposed and contrast methods. The results proved that the proposed dynamic correlation analysis could quickly acquire atmospheric pollution information. Moreover, it can help to deduce the influence relation of pollutants in multiple locations.
Journal Article
The Mediating Effect of Nurses’ Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship between Moral Sensitivity and Communication Ability with Angry Patients
Aims
. To test whether emotional intelligence plays a mediating role in the process by which moral sensitivity affects nurses’ ability to communicate with angry patients.
Background
. Hospital workplace violence is a global problem that disrupts the normal work order of healthcare, undermines trust between nurses and patients, and threatens the physical and mental health of nurses. Improving nurses’ ability to communicate with angry patients to identify and diffuse patients’ anger is critical to reducing the nurse‐patient conflict and avoiding violence in the hospital workplace.
Methods
. The data were collected in China. A sample of 212 nurses completed measures of moral sensitivity, emotional intelligence, and the ability to communicate with angry patients. Structural equation modeling was used to test the study’ hypothesis.
Results
. Our results suggest that nurses’ emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between nurses’ moral sensitivity and nurses’ ability to communicate with angry patients, with a positive correlation between nurses’ moral sensitivity, emotional intelligence, and ability to communicate with angry patients.
Conclusions
. The findings showed that nurses’ moral sensitivity indirectly influenced nurses’ ability to communicate with angry patients by directly influencing emotional intelligence. This study provides a theoretical and methodological approach to mitigate nurse‐patient conflict and reduce violence in the hospital workplace through a moral perspective.
Implications for Nursing Management
. Nursing managers should pay attention to the moral sensitivity and emotional intelligence of nurses and promote their moral development and emotional intelligence by strengthening moral education in hospitals, utilizing emotional intelligence training courses and narrative nursing, ultimately promoting nurses’ ability to communicate with angry patients, further contributing to the reduction of nurse‐patient conflict, avoiding violence in the hospital workplace, building a safer hospital environment, promoting the overall development of nurses, and contributing to the development of global health and wellness.
Journal Article
Spatio-Temporal Prediction for the Monitoring-Blind Area of Industrial Atmosphere Based on the Fusion Network
The monitoring-blind area exists in the industrial park because of private interest and limited administrative power. As the atmospheric quality in the blind area impacts the environment management seriously, the prediction and inference of the blind area is explored in this paper. Firstly, the fusion network framework was designed for the solution of “Circumjacent Monitoring-Blind Area Inference”. In the fusion network, the nonlinear autoregressive network was set up for the time series prediction of circumjacent points, and the full connection layer was built for the nonlinear relation fitting of multiple points. Secondly, the physical structure and learning method was studied for the sub-elements in the fusion network. Thirdly, the spatio-temporal prediction algorithm was proposed based on the network for the blind area monitoring problem. Finally, the experiment was conducted with the practical monitoring data in an industrial park in Hebei Province, China. The results show that the solution is feasible for the blind area analysis in the view of spatial and temporal dimensions.
Journal Article