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"Wang, Xiaoxiao"
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Application of trapped ions in quantum-computing: Fidelity, scalability and integrated technology
Quantum computing, which is based on the rules of quantum mechanics, has great potential in many fields for its theoretical ability to simulate any natural process based on quantum mechanics. Many types of physical implementations of quantum computers have been developed, and the method based on trapped ions is a promising one. However, there is still a lot of work that need to be done, like how to improve the fidelity and scalability of those quantum computers. Besides laser light, microwave and waveguides have also been used in some experiments.
Journal Article
Does the Popularization of New Energy Vehicle Facilitates the Improvement of Air Quality? Taking China as Evidence
Automobile exhaust always makes up a significant portion of the causes of air pollution, and new energy vehicles (NEV) are being investigated as a potential solution to the problem of urban air pollution. Through a number of policy incentives and infrastructure improvements, the Chinese government encourages the quick development of the new energy automotive sector. National air quality has also improved dramatically in recent years. In this context, the primary goal of this study is to explore whether there is a significant positive correlation between the popularization of NEVs and air quality. This study looks for data on the penetration rate of NEVs in various provinces and cities across the country, as well as the data on the number of days with air quality, and makes a visual chart to show the change trend from 2013 to 2022. Finally, policy recommendations are given. The government should adapt to local conditions and continue to boost the infrastructure of NEVs. In addition, clean energy power generation, sustainable production and recycling should be actively promoted from the perspective of the whole life cycle of NEVs.
Journal Article
Comprehensive Analysis of Rice Laccase Gene (OsLAC) Family and Ectopic Expression of OsLAC10 Enhances Tolerance to Copper Stress in Arabidopsis
Laccases are encoded by a multigene family and widely distributed in plant genomes where they play roles oxidizing monolignols to produce higher-order lignin involved in plant development and stress responses. We identified 30 laccase genes (OsLACs) from rice, which can be divided into five subfamilies, mostly expressed during early development of the endosperm, growing roots, and stems. OsLACs can be induced by hormones, salt, drought, and heavy metals stresses. The expression level of OsLAC10 increased 1200-fold after treatment with 20 μM Cu for 12 h. The laccase activities of OsLAC10 were confirmed in an Escherichia coli expression system. Lignin accumulation increased in the roots of Arabidopsis over-expressing OsLAC10 (OsLAC10-OX) compared to wild-type controls. After growth on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing toxic levels of Cu for seven days, roots of the OsLAC10-OX lines were significantly longer than those of the wild type. Compared to control plants, the Cu concentration decreased significantly in roots of the OsLAC10-OX line under hydroponic conditions. These results provided insights into the evolutionary expansion and functional divergence of OsLAC family. In addition, OsLAC10 is likely involved in lignin biosynthesis, and reduces the uptake of Cu into roots required for Arabidopsis to develop tolerance to Cu.
Journal Article
Structural basis of energy transfer in Porphyridium purpureum phycobilisome
Photosynthetic organisms have developed various light-harvesting systems to adapt to their environments
1
. Phycobilisomes are large light-harvesting protein complexes found in cyanobacteria and red algae
2
–
4
, although how the energies of the chromophores within these complexes are modulated by their environment is unclear. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a 14.7-megadalton phycobilisome with a hemiellipsoidal shape from the red alga
Porphyridium purpureum
. Within this complex we determine the structures of 706 protein subunits, including 528 phycoerythrin, 72 phycocyanin, 46 allophycocyanin and 60 linker proteins. In addition, 1,598 chromophores are resolved comprising 1,430 phycoerythrobilin, 48 phycourobilin and 120 phycocyanobilin molecules. The markedly improved resolution of our structure compared with that of the phycobilisome of
Griffithsia pacifica
5
enabled us to build an accurate atomic model of the
P. purpureum
phycobilisome system. The model reveals how the linker proteins affect the microenvironment of the chromophores, and suggests that interactions of the aromatic amino acids of the linker proteins with the chromophores may be a key factor in fine-tuning the energy states of the chromophores to ensure the efficient unidirectional transfer of energy.
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of a phycobilisome from the red alga
Porphyridium purpureum
reveals how aromatic interactions between the linker proteins and the chromophores drive a unidirectional transfer of energy.
Journal Article
In vitro culture of cynomolgus monkey embryos beyond early gastrulation
Owing to technical and ethical limitations, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying primate gastrulation are far from clear (see the Perspective by Tam). Two independent studies used an in vitro culture system to study cynomolgus monkey embryo postimplantation development up to and beyond gastrulation (day 9 to day 20). Niu et al. observed in vivo morphogenetic events and used single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell chromatin accessibility to study the distinct cell lineages in developing embryos. Ma et al. also observed that key events of in vivo early development were recapitulated in their system, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed molecular signatures of postimplantation cell types. These systems will help elucidate the dynamics and regulation of gastrulation in primates, including possible relevance to human development. Science , this issue p. eaaw5754 , p. eaax7890 ; see also p. 798 A platform that can explore the characteristics and mechanisms of early postimplantation embryogenesis in nonhuman primates is described. Gastrulation is a key event in embryonic development when the germ layers are specified and the basic animal body plan is established. The complexities of primate gastrulation remain a mystery because of the difficulties in accessing primate embryos at this stage. Here, we report the establishment of an in vitro culture (IVC) system that supports the continuous development of cynomolgus monkey blastocysts beyond early gastrulation up to 20 days after fertilization. The IVC embryos highly recapitulated the key events of in vivo early postimplantation development, including segregation of the epiblast and hypoblast, formation of the amniotic and yolk sac cavities, appearance of the primordial germ cells, and establishment of the anterior-posterior axis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses of the IVC embryos provide information about lineage specification during primate early postimplantation development. This system provides a platform with which to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of early postimplantation embryogenesis in primates with possible conservation of cell movements and lineages in human embryogenesis.
Journal Article
Myoblast-derived exosomal Prrx2 attenuates osteoporosis via transcriptional regulation of lncRNA-MIR22HG to activate Hippo pathway
Background
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are common diseases that predominantly affect older individuals. The interaction between muscle and skeleton exerts pivotal roles in bone remodeling. This study aimed to explore the function of myoblast-derived exosomal Prrx2 in osteogenic differentiation and its potential mechanisms.
Methods
Exosomes were isolated from myogenic differentiated C2C12 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine target molecule expression. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by Alizarin red staining, ALP activity and levels of OCN, OPN, RUNX2, and BMP2. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RIP, and ChIP assays were performed to verify the interaction between molecules. The nuclear translocation of YAP1 was observed by immunofluorescence staining. In vivo osteoporotic model was established by ovariectomy in mice. Bone loss was examined using HE staining.
Results
Prrx2 expression was elevated in myogenic differentiated C2C12 cells and their exosomes. Myoblast-derived exosomal Prrx2 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Delivering exosomal Prrx2 directly bond to MIR22HG promoter and promoted its transcription and expression. MIR22HG enhanced expression and nuclear translocation of YAP via sponging miR-128, thus facilitating BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Knockdown of exosomal Prrx2 suppressed osteogenic differentiation, which could be abolished by MIR22HG overexpression. Similarly, miR-128 inhibitor or YAP overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of MIR22HG depletion or miR-128 mimics on osteogenic differentiation. Finally, myoblast-derived exosomal Prrx2 alleviated osteoporosis in mice via up-regulating MIR22HG and activating the Hippo pathway.
Conclusion
Myoblast-derived exosomal Prrx2 contributes to transcriptional activation of MIR22HG to activate YAP pathway via sponging miR-128, thereby facilitating osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Journal Article