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Solid-state lithium (Li)–air batteries are recognized as a next-generation solution for energy storage to address the safety and electrochemical stability issues that are encountered in liquid battery systems 1 – 4 . However, conventional solid electrolytes are unsuitable for use in solid-state Li–air systems owing to their instability towards lithium metal and/or air, as well as the difficulty in constructing low-resistance interfaces 5 . Here we present an integrated solid-state Li–air battery that contains an ultrathin, high-ion-conductive lithium-ion-exchanged zeolite X (LiX) membrane as the sole solid electrolyte. This electrolyte is integrated with cast lithium as the anode and carbon nanotubes as the cathode using an in situ assembly strategy. Owing to the intrinsic chemical stability of the zeolite, degeneration of the electrolyte from the effects of lithium or air is effectively suppressed. The battery has a capacity of 12,020 milliamp hours per gram of carbon nanotubes, and has a cycle life of 149 cycles at a current density of 500 milliamps per gram and at a capacity of 1,000 milliamp hours per gram. This cycle life is greater than those of batteries based on lithium aluminium germanium phosphate (12 cycles) and organic electrolytes (102 cycles) under the same conditions. The electrochemical performance, flexibility and stability of zeolite-based Li–air batteries confer practical applicability that could extend to other energy-storage systems, such as Li–ion, Na–air and Na–ion batteries. Flexible, stable and energy-dense solid-state Li–air batteries are realised using ultrathin, chemically inert ion-conductive zeolite membranes as a solid electrolyte.

The bacterial pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus induces severe coral diseases in warming oceans. A study in PLOS Biology reveals that high temperatures activate 2 type VI secretion systems in V. coralliilyticus, enhancing pathogenicity by deploying toxic effectors against competing bacteria and coral cells.

Background There are notable challenges in the development of effective therapeutic interventions for primary liver cancer (PLC). The role of ribosomal protein (RP) RPL29 in cancer has been rarely reported and the underlying mechanisms of RPL29 in the progression of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Methods In the present study, the expression level and prognostic value of RPL29 in patients with HCC was evaluated by bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, gene expression was suppressed using targeted siRNAs and enhanced through plasmids containing specific gene cDNA sequences. Subsequently, assessments of cell viability and invasive capacity were conducted. Additionally, Western blot analyses and subcutaneous xenograft models in nude mice were utilized to elucidate the potential function of RPL29 in regulating the malignant phenotype of HCC. Results The expression of RPL29 was found to be significantly elevated in HCC tissues. Further investigation demonstrated that RPL29 actively promotes the proliferation and metastatic potential of HCC cells. Moreover, RPL29 was shown to enhance the expression of Exosome Component 4 (EXOSC4), thereby contributing to the progression and metastasis of HCC. Both RPL29 and EXOSC4 were markedly overexpressed in HCC tissues and were associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival outcomes. Notably, the overexpression of RPL29 was able to restore cell viability and invasive capabilities in HCC cells in EXOSC4 silenced cells. In addition, we conducted a screening of two small molecule drugs that specifically target EXOSC4. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that RPL29 facilitates HCC progression by regulating the expression of EXOSC4, which provides a novel therapeutic option for patients with HCC.

The Northeast Cold Vortex (NECV), a quasi-stationary cold-core cut-off low frequently occurring over Northeast Asia, plays a key role in shaping climate conditions in Northeast China. However, its basin-scale impacts, circulation controls and potential large-scale precursor signals during the spring sowing period remain insufficiently quantified. Here, using 1981–2020 reanalysis datasets and a refined objective NECV identification scheme tailored for the Songnen Plain, we show that nearly half of May precipitation occurs during NECV days, and NECV days have increased after 2010. NECVs reduce regional daily mean temperature by about 1.7 °C on average during their occurrence, underscoring their strong modulation of early-season climate. We find that blocking highs over the Okhotsk Sea are statistically associated with the steering and anchoring of cold vortices over the Songnen Plain, enhancing quasi-stationary behavior and sustaining cold and wet anomalies. Further, three large-scale impact factors show significant lead-lag relationships with May NECV activity: (1) preceding-October Niño3.4 SST anomalies, (2) preceding-January Barents Sea ice concentration, and (3) preceding-April snow depth over central West Asia. These forcing are associated with distinct Eurasian wave-train patterns that may modulate mid-tropospheric geopotential height anomalies, thus influencing NECV strength and persistence. These precursor signals provide lead times of 1–7 months and may offer useful diagnostic information for understanding NECV-related climate variability. Our findings help clarify the atmosphere-cryosphere-land surface background condition associated with NECV variability and provide insight into seasonal climate risk assessment for the Songnen Plain, a key grain-producing region of China.

Professional grief is a global challenge in oncology nursing. It refers to the constellation of grief reactions experienced by nurses after the death of patients under their care, and it seriously undermines mental health and job performance. Psychological resilience—a positive psychological attribute—enables individuals to achieve adaptive adjustment and maintain mental well-being. However, systematic evidence on the inter-relationships among psychological resilience, positive coping styles, and professional grief is lacking. This study clarifies how psychological resilience relates to professional grief among oncology nurses and elucidates the mechanisms through which positive coping styles operate. The findings furnish international nurse managers with a low-cost, high-impact target for psychological interventions and expand the global evidence map for prevention and mitigation professional grief. A questionnaire survey was conducted using purposive sampling among 540 oncology nurses in fifteen tertiary-level hospitals in Sichuan Province from November 2024 to February 2025. Instruments included psychological resilience (MeRS), positive coping styles (SCSQ), and professional grief (GSSN). A total of 518 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective response rate of 95.9%. The results showed that psychological resilience had a significant direct effect on professional grief (β =  − 0.511, 95% CI [− 0.374, − 0.280]), a positive effect on positive coping styles (β = 0.526, 95% CI [0.177, 0.232]), and—via the mediator—remained significantly associated with professional grief (β =  − 0.346, 95% CI [− 0.275, − 0.168]). Positive coping styles, in turn, significantly predicted lower professional grief (β =  − 0.313, 95% CI [− 0.656, − 0.375]). Positive coping styles partially mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and professional grief among oncology nurses, with a mediation effect value of 0.164 and a mediation effect of 32.094% of the total effect. This is the non-Western study to delineate a mechanistic pathway from resilience to reduced grief via positive coping styles. The model is culture-independent and cost-effective, offering global oncology managers a concrete lever—strengthening positive coping—to mitigate nurses’ grief and safeguard workforce well-being.

Urban heat island (UHI) effects significantly impact building energy. Traditional UHI investigation methods are often incapable of providing the high spatial density of observations required to distinguish small-scale temperature differences in the UHI. Crowdsourcing offers a solution. Building cooling/heating load in 2018 has been estimated in London, UK, using crowdsourced data from over 1300 Netatmo personal weather stations. The local climate zone (LCZ) scheme was used to classify the different urban environments of London (UK). Inter-LCZ temperature differences are found to be generally consistent with LCZ temperature definitions. Analysis of cooling degree hours in July shows LCZ 2 (the densest urban LCZ in London) had the highest cooling demand, with a total of 1550 cooling degree hours. The suburban related LCZs 5 and 6 and rural LCZs B and D all had about 80% of the demand of LCZ 2. In December, the rural LCZs A, B and D had the greatest heating demand, with all recording around 5750 heating degree hours. Urban LCZs 2, 5 and 6 had 91%, 86% and 95% of the heating demand of LCZ D, respectively. This study has highlighted both advantages and issues with using crowdsourced data for urban climate and building energy research.

Background: Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC) arising in the vulva is extremely rare that no treatment consensus has been well-defined. Case presentation: We here presented two cases of vulval SC in a 31-year-old and a 62-year-old woman, respectively. Radical wide local excision was performed with free margin and they received no postoperative adjuvant therapy. No evidence of disease was detected after follow-ups for 12 months and 49 months, respectively. A comprehensive literature review of vulval SC was further conducted and other ten cases were included. The mean age was 55.9 years, nine patients were diagnosed with FIGO stage I diseases while the remaining three patients had metastatic lesions at initial diagnosis. Surgery was the mainstay treatment option that 11 (91.7%) underwent surgical resection, of which 5 patients received inguinal lymphadenectomy and 2 patients showed lymph nodes involved. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given in 2 and 1 patient, respectively. Two patients experienced recurrence within 1 year after initial therapy. At the final follow-up, ten patients had no evidence of disease, one patient was alive with the disease, and only one died of the disease. Conclusion: Radical wide local excision may be preferred in early-stage vulval SC and utilization of sentinel lymph node sampling should be recommended. Postoperative adjuvant therapy may be spared in patients with negative surgical margin and absence of lymph node involvement. Treatment of vulval SC referring to the guidelines of vulvar cancer should be administered in case of positive margins or metastatic disease.

The soybean is a significant legume crop, providing several vital dietary components. Extreme heat stress negatively affects soybean yield and quality, especially at the germination stage. Continuous change in climatic conditions is threatening the global food supply and food security. Therefore, it is a critical need of time to develop heat-tolerant soybean genotypes. Different molecular techniques have been developed to improve heat stress tolerance in soybean, but until now complete genetic mechanism of soybean is not fully understood. Various molecular methods, like quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genetic engineering, transcription factors (TFs), transcriptome, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), are employed to incorporate heat tolerance in soybean under the extreme conditions of heat stress. These molecular techniques have significantly improved heat stress tolerance in soybean. Besides this, we can also use specific classical breeding approaches and different hormones to reduce the harmful consequences of heat waves on soybean. In future, integrated use of these molecular tools would bring significant results in developing heat tolerance in soybean. In the current review, we have presented a detailed overview of the improvement of heat tolerance in soybean and highlighted future prospective. Further studies are required to investigate different genetic factors governing the heat stress response in soybean. This information would be helpful for future studies focusing on improving heat tolerance in soybean.

Wetlands are one of the world’s most important ecosystems, playing an important role in regulating climate and protecting the environment. However, human activities have changed the land cover of wetlands, leading to direct destruction of the environment. If wetlands are to be protected, their land cover must be classified and changes to it monitored using remote sensing technology. The random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm, which offers clear advantages (e.g., processing feature data without feature selection and preferable classification result) for high spatial image classification, has been used in many study areas. In this research, to verify the effectiveness of this algorithm for remote sensing image classification of coastal wetlands, two types of spatial resolution images of the Linhong Estuary wetland in Lianyungang—Worldview-2 and Landsat-8 images—were used for land cover classification using the RF method. To demonstrate the preferable classification accuracy of the RF algorithm, the support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) methods were also used to classify the same area of land cover for comparison with the results of RF classification. The study results showed that (1) the overall accuracy of the RF method reached 91.86%, higher than the SVM and k-NN methods by 4.68% and 4.72%, respectively, for Worldview-2 images; (2) at the same time, the classification accuracies of RF, SVM, and k-NN were 86.61%, 79.96%, and 77.23%, respectively, for Landsat-8 images; (3) for some land cover types having only a small number of samples, the RF algorithm also achieved better classification results using Worldview-2 and Landsat-8 images, and (4) the addition texture features could improve the classification accuracy of the RF method when using Worldview-2 images. Research indicated that high-resolution remote sensing images are more suitable for small-scale land cover classification image and that the RF algorithm can provide better classification accuracy and is more suitable for coastal wetland classification than the SVM and k-NN algorithms are.

Lymphoma, a malignant tumor derived from lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues, presents with complex and heterogeneous clinical manifestations, requiring accurate patient classification for appropriate treatment. While invasive pathological examination of lymph nodes or lymphoid tissue remains the gold standard for lymphoma diagnosis, its utility is limited in cases of deep-seated tumors such as intraperitoneal and central nervous system lymphomas. In addition, biopsy procedures carry an inherent risk of complications. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging are essential for treatment assessment and monitoring, but lack the ability to detect early clonal evolution and minimal residual disease (MRD). Liquid biopsy-based analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a non-invasive alternative that allows for repeated sampling and overcomes the limitations of spatial heterogeneity and invasive biopsies. ctDNA provides genetic and epigenetic insights into lymphoma and serves as a dynamic, quantifiable biomarker for diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment response. This review comprehensively summarizes common genetic variations in lymphoma and systematically evaluates ctDNA detection technologies, including PCR-based assays and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Applications of ctDNA detection in noninvasive genotyping, risk stratification, therapeutic response monitoring, and MRD detection are discussed across various lymphoma subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and T-cell lymphoma. By integrating recent research findings, the review highlights the role of ctDNA profiling in advancing precision medicine, enabling personalized therapeutic strategies, and improving clinical outcomes in lymphoma.