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Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription. Many CDK genes also play a critical role during adipogenic differentiation, but the role of CDK gene family in regulating bovine adipocyte differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the CDK gene family in bovine and study their expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation. Results We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified a number of CDK genes in several bovine species. The CDK genes were classified into 8 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. We found that 25 bovine CDK genes were distributed in 16 different chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CDK gene family in Bos taurus is homologous with Bos indicus , Hybrid-Bos taurus , Hybrid Bos indicus , Bos grunniens and Bubalus bubalis . Several CDK genes had higher expression levels in preadipocytes than in differentiated adipocytes, as shown by RNA-seq analysis and qPCR, suggesting a role in the growth of emerging lipid droplets. Conclusion In this research, 185 CDK genes were identified and grouped into eight distinct clades in Bovidae, showing extensively homology. Global expression analysis of different bovine tissues and specific expression analysis during adipocytes differentiation revealed CDK4 , CDK7 , CDK8 , CDK9 and CDK14 may be involved in bovine adipocyte differentiation. The results provide a basis for further study to determine the roles of CDK gene family in regulating adipocyte differentiation, which is beneficial for beef quality improvement.

Based on development data relating to China-Africa International Cooperation Parks (CAICPs) from 2003 to 2018, this study examined the transnational investment network of CAICPs using the social network analysis method. The number of CAICPs is increasing. Textiles and apparel, agricultural and food processing, trade logistics and management, building materials and construction, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing are the leading industries chosen by most CAICPs. These parks have promoted the economic and social development of African countries, driving the urbanization of the regions in which the parks are located, and they have also benefited China. The network of CAICPs involves China, African countries, and third-party investors. The network is becoming increasingly complex and has an increasingly high density. However, the key node countries and provincial units remain relatively stable despite changes in the network structure. The center of gravity of the network has shown noticeable deviations and regression, and inter-provincial investment cooperation has also been increasing. China-Africa cooperation drives the evolution of the network. In China, the investment of enterprises in Africa is affected by domestic policy, economic pursuit, and investment security. In Africa, the development of CAICPs is driven by development policies and achievements, and it is influenced by African countries’ business environments.

Special economic zones (SEZs) are important in Laos due to their ability to attract foreign investment, realize industrialization, and promote economic globalization. Based on Laos’ SEZs in operation, this study explored land-use intensity, structural evolution and land-use efficiency in Laos’ SEZs via the land-use dynamic degree, information entropy, super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) and gray relational analysis (GRA). The study determined that the total land-use area in Laos’ SEZs continuously increased from 2014 to 2020. The land-use intensity changes in the SEZs can be divided into three types, i.e., high intensity, medium intensity and low intensity, and most SEZs belonged to the medium-intensity type. The proportion of land used in production systems in Laos’ SEZs increased the most, and the proportion of infrastructure land notably decreased. The overall information entropy of the land-use structure exhibited an initial downward and then an upward trend. In 2018, the land-use efficiency in the Savan-Seno SEZ, Vientiane Industrial and Trade Area, Dongphosy SEZ, and Golden Triangle SEZ was relatively optimal. The basic factors of the industrial space and the factors reflecting international cooperation attributes were highly related to the land-use efficiency in Laos’ SEZs.

Chinese Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones (COCZs) under the “One Belt and One Road” initiative are committed to promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, becoming an important platform for the countries and regions where they are located to achieve the sustainable development goals of the 2030 agenda. The planning of COCZs plays a strategic leading and rigid control role in the sustainable development of parks, and the planning implementation effectiveness evaluation has been a key to the sustainable development of COCZs. From the perspective of sustainable development, we established a rating system depending on the deconstruction “effectiveness = efficiency + effect + benefit + capacity” to measure the planning implementation effectiveness evaluation indexes of COCZs, and conducted empirical research based on the evidence of Longjiang Industrial Park, Vietnam. The research results show that Longjiang Industrial Park has a good planning implementation effectiveness with remarkable comprehensive economic, social, ecological and political benefits. It features a good efficiency, effect and benefit from an excellent production capacity, reflected in the consistency between spatial planning and implementation results and a high satisfaction with planning implementation. However, planning implementation is also faced with problems such as the lag of time, imbalance between profit and loss, uneven achievement of goals, and lack of a refined planning control system. To make COCZs more sustainable in development and planning, the suggestion is, on the one hand, to accelerate the establishment of a regular and institutionalized mechanism for the planning preparation and implementation evaluation of COCZs, and bring sustainable development into the management requirements, and, on the other hand, to promote the transformation of COCZs planning from “Function and Scale Orientation” to “Quality and Effectiveness Orientation”, and guide the creation of a model for sustainable development and the planning of COCZs.

This study investigates the dynamics of innovation element flows among metropolitan areas and examines the underlying proximity mechanisms that are crucial for elevating urban agglomerations’ innovation levels and spurring their development. Utilizing collaborative publication and patent data, this research constructs knowledge and technological innovation networks within the Nanjing metropolitan area (NMA) from 2013 to 2020. It analyzes the evolution of network structures and applies the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to discern the proximity mechanisms driving the urban innovation networks’ evolution in NMA. The main findings are as follows: (1) The knowledge collaborations within NMA cities remain largely confined to cities within Jiangsu province, whereas the technological collaborations are shifting from intra-province to cross-province cooperation. (2) Both knowledge and technological innovation networks display a “core-periphery” configuration, with Nanjing maintaining a dominant central position. The scale of the KIN surpasses that of the TIN, while the latter’s growth rate outpaces the former’s. Technological collaborations demonstrate more pronounced spillover effects than their knowledge counterparts. (3) At the metropolitan area level, organizational, social, cognitive, and technological proximities exert varying degrees of influence on innovation cooperation among different innovation entities across various years. Cognitive proximity exhibits the most substantial explanatory power. Based on these findings, the study proposes relevant policy recommendations for constructing an innovative NMA and promoting collaborative innovation development among cities within the NMA.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently discovered genetic regulatory molecules that regulate immune responses and are closely associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases, including inflammation, in humans and animals. Under specific physiological conditions, lncRNA expression varies at the cell or tissue level, and lncRNAs can bind to specific miRNAs, target mRNAs, and target proteins to participate in certain processes, such as cell differentiation and inflammatory responses, via the corresponding signaling pathways. This review article summarizes the regulatory role of lncRNAs in macrophage polarization, dendritic cell differentiation, T cell differentiation, and endothelial and epithelial inflammation. In addition, it describes the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in acute kidney injury, hepatitis, inflammatory injury of the lung, osteoarthritis, mastitis, and neuroinflammation to provide a reference for the molecular regulatory network as well as the genetic diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases in humans and animals.

The stagnation of multinational and cross-regional goods circulation has created significant disruptions to manufacturing supply chains due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. To explore the impact of COVID-19 on the circulation of manufacturing industry products at different geographical scales, we drew upon a case study of development zones in the city of Weifang in China to analyze the characteristics of firms’ logistics networks in these development zones, and how these characteristics have changed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data used in this study were collected from fieldwork conducted between 26 August 2020 and 15 October 2020, and included the supply originations of firms’ manufacturing sources and the sales destinations of their goods. We chose the two-mode network analysis method as our study methodology, which separates the logistics networks into supply networks and sales networks. The results show the following: First, the overall structure of firms’ logistics networks in Weifang’s development zones is characterized by localization. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the local network links have further strengthened, whereas the global links have seriously declined. Moreover, the average path length of both the supply and sales logistics networks has slightly decreased, indicating the increased connectivity of the logistics networks. Second, in terms of the network node centrality, the core nodes of the supply logistics networks are the development zones and the city in which the firms are located, whereas the core nodes of the sales logistics networks are the core companies in the development zones. However, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the centrality of supply originations and sales destinations at the local scale has increased, whereas the centrality of supply originations and sales destinations at the global scale has decreased significantly. Third, the influencing factors of such changes include controlling personnel and goods circulation based on national boundaries and administrative boundaries, forcing the logistics networks in the development zones to shrink to the local scale. Moreover, there are differences in the scope of spatial contraction between supply logistics networks and the sales logistics networks.

Within globalization, the significance of urban innovation cooperation has become increasingly evident. However, urban innovation cooperation faces challenges due to various factors—social, economic, and spatial—making it difficult for traditional methods to uncover the intricate nonlinear relationships among them. Consequently, this research concentrates on cities within the Yangtze River Delta region, employing an explainable machine learning model that integrates eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs) to investigate the nonlinear and interactive effects of multidimensional factors impacting urban innovation cooperation. The findings indicate that XGBoost outperforms LR, SVR, RF, and GBDT in terms of accuracy and effectiveness. Key results are summarized as follows: (1) Urban innovation cooperation exhibits different phased characteristics. (2) There exist nonlinear and interactive effects between urban innovation cooperation and multidimensional factors, among them, the Scientific and Technological dimension contributes the most (30.59%) and has the most significant positive promoting effect in the later stage after surpassing a certain threshold. In the Social and Economic dimension (23.61%), the number of Internet Users (IU) contributes the most individually. The Physical Space dimension (20.46%) generally exhibits mutation points during the early stages of urban development, with overall relationships predominantly characterized by nonlinear positive trends. (3) Through the application of PDP, it is further determined that IU has a positive synergistic effect with per capita Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), public library collections per capita (LC), and city night light data (NPP), while exhibiting a negative antagonistic effect with Average Annual Wage of Staff (AAS) and number of Enterprises above Designated Size in Industry (EDS). (4) For cities at different developmental stages, tailored development proposals should be formulated based on single-factor contribution and multifactor interaction effects. These insights enhance our understanding of urban innovation cooperation and elucidate the nonlinear and interactive effects of multidimensional influencing factors.

The development of the industrial park has been one of the priorities of the plans of different countries and has created a magnitude challenge concerning regional disparities. Globally, the Middle Eastern countries have demonstrated a more remarkable dedication to industrial park development, given its general importance since the 1970s. Due to this importance, this paper is divided into three sections due to the critical role of industrial park development in the case of Middle Eastern countries. First, this study highlighted the relevant literature using Scinotometric analysis. In the second step, following the investigation of the relationship between selected critical variables and the development of industrial parks towards regional development in the Middle Eastern countries from 2000 to 2018. In this regard, panel data were used to determine the association between the selected variables and industrial park performance. According to the findings, the author suggests policy implementation for industrial park development in three categories: economic growth, environmental issues, and reduction in regional disparities. Finally, this study can serve as a foundation for future research, such as comparing the first batch of industrial parks with their upgraded counterparts in the Middle East and studying the competitive advantages issues.

Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are part of the first line of defense against pathogens. In recent studies, bta-miR-223 has been reported to activate congenital and innate immunity against inflammatory damage during the pathogenesis of mastitis in dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to identify the regulatory mechanism of bta-miR-223 and its downstream target genes in inflammatory bMECs. A double luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that ras homolog family member B (RHOB) was the target gene of bta-miR-223. To further elucidate the role of bta-miR-223 in congenital immune responses, bta-miR-223 mimics (mimic/inhibitor) were transfected into bMECs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which activates the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect secreted inflammatory factors. Results showed that bta-miR-223 expression during inflammation in bMECs reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors by targeting RHOB and deactivation of NF-κB gene activity. Silencing RHOB inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response in bMECs. Overall, bta-miR-223 attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory response, and acted as a negative feedback regulator via targeting RHOB, providing a novel avenue for mastitis treatment.