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النحت الصيني
يشتمل المحتوي الرئيسي لكتاب (النحت الصيني) على فنون النحت الصيني وتاريخ تطوره الذي مر بآلاف السنين، فضلا عن استعراض الأسلوب الفريد الذي تمتع به النحت الصيني وطرق النحت أثناء عملية تعاقب الأسر الحاكمة والتغيرات الثقافية، كما يستعرض الكتاب الصفات الجمالية والمفاهيم الثقافية للشعب الصيني وهناك جزء مخصص في الكتاب لتاريخ تطور النحت الصيني وجزء يستعرض تاريخ تطور الثقافة التقليدية الصينية والمفاهيم الجمالية والأكثر من ذلك هو الشهادات الملموسة على التبادلات الثقافية بين قومية الهان وغيرها من القوميات وكذلك التبادلات الثقافية بين الدول الأخرى وبعضها.
BOOK
All‐Natural Immunomodulatory Bioadhesive Hydrogel Promotes Angiogenesis and Diabetic Wound Healing by Regulating Macrophage Heterogeneity
Macrophages are highly heterogeneous and exhibit a diversity of functions and phenotypes. They can be divided into pro‐inflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti‐inflammatory macrophages (M2). Diabetic wounds are characterized by a prolonged inflammatory phase and difficulty in healing due to the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory (M1) macrophages in the wound. Therefore, hydrogel dressings with macrophage heterogeneity regulation function hold great promise in promoting diabetic wound healing in clinical applications. However, the precise conversion of pro‐inflammatory M1 to anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages by simple and biosafe approaches is still a great challenge. Here, an all‐natural hydrogel with the ability to regulate macrophage heterogeneity is developed to promote angiogenesis and diabetic wound healing. The protocatechuic aldehyde hybridized collagen‐based all‐natural hydrogel exhibits good bioadhesive and antibacterial properties as well as reactive oxygen species scavenging ability. More importantly, the hydrogel is able to convert M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages without the need for any additional ingredients or external intervention. This simple and safe immunomodulatory approach shows great application potential for shortening the inflammatory phase of diabetic wound repair and accelerating wound healing. An all‐natural hydrogel composed of small molecules pro‐catechol and collagen is developed to promote diabetic wound healing by modulating macrophage heterogeneity. The hydrogel exhibits good bioadhesive, antibacterial, and reactive oxygen species scavenging abilities. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the hydrogel is able to promote the conversion of pro‐inflammatory (M1) macrophages to anti‐inflammatory (M2) macrophages and the expression of anti‐inflammatory factors.
Journal Article
جوهر التقاليد الصينية
يندرج هذا الكتاب في إطار دعوة متنامية إلى قيام حوار بين الحضارات تعم العالم بأسره في سياق العولمة الراهنة فهو يبحث بصورة جديدة ومعمقة في جوهر التقاليد الصينية أي في \"روحها\" العميقة و\"مشاعرها\" الكامنة والتي تتشكل من معتقدات المجتمع الصيني وطقوسه والممارسات المؤثرة فيه وفي الكتاب رصد للحركة الثقافية الجديدة التي شهدتها الصين في عشرينيات القرن المنصرم ولا سيما عمل الكونفوشيوسيين الجدد وفيه شرح لفلسفة التناغم الكوني، كمسعى ثقافي وفلسفي عابر للثقافات من غير أن يعني بالضرورة الذوبان في ثقافة الآخر وفقدان الهوية الثقافية الأصيلة.
Book
Single-atom tailored atomically-precise nanoclusters for enhanced electrochemical reduction of CO2-to-CO activity
The development of facile tailoring approach to adjust the intrinsic activity and stability of atomically-precise metal nanoclusters catalysts is of great interest but remians challenging. Herein, the well-defined Au
8
nanoclusters modified by single-atom sites are rationally synthesized via a co-eletropolymerization strategy, in which uniformly dispersed metal nanocluster and single-atom co-entrenched on the poly-carbazole matrix. Systematic characterization and theoretical modeling reveal that functionalizing single-atoms enable altering the electronic structures of Au
8
clusters, which amplifies their electrocatalytic reduction of CO
2
to CO activity by ~18.07 fold compared to isolated Au
8
metal clusters. The rearrangements of the electronic structure not only strengthen the adsorption of the key intermediates *COOH, but also establish a favorable reaction pathway for the CO
2
reduction reaction. Moreover, this strategy fixing nanoclusters and single-atoms on cross-linked polymer networks efficiently deduce the performance deactivation caused by agglomeration during the catalytic process. This work contribute to explore the intrinsic activity and stability improvement of metal clusters.
Tailoring catalytic performance of atomically-precise metal nanoclusters catalysts is of great interest but remains challenging. Here, the authors report a co-eletropolymerization strategy to modify well-defined Au
8
nanoclusters by single-atom sites to enhance its electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO
2
towards CO.
Journal Article
التحف التاريخية الصينية /
يتناول كتاب (التحف التاريخية الصينية) والذي قام بتأليفه (لي لي) في حوالي (141) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (التحف الصينية) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : الفخار الملون (ظهور الفخار، تطور الفخار الملون)-اليشم-الحجر الجميل واليشم، الأدوات اليشمية لثقافة ليانغتشو-الأدوات البرونزية (تقنية البرونز)-الخزف-النحت-الرسم-الأثث-الأشغال الفنية (الأشغال الذهبية والفضية، الأوات المصنوعة بالبامبو والخشب والعاج والقرن الحيواني)-جمع وحفظ التحف التاريخية.
Book
LncRNA FAF attenuates hypoxia/ischaemia‐induced pyroptosis via the miR‐185‐5p/PAK2 axis in cardiomyocytes
Pyroptosis is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in gene regulation, but how lncRNAs participate in the regulation of pyroptosis in the heart remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the antipyroptotic effects of lncRNA FGF9‐associated factor (FAF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The expression patterns of lncRNA FAF, miR‐185‐5p and P21 activated kinase 2 (PAK2) were detected in hypoxia/ischaemia‐induced cardiomyocytes. Hoechst 33342/PI staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were conducted to assay cell pyroptosis. The interaction between lncRNA FAF, miR‐185‐5p and PAK2 was verified by bioinformatics analysis, small RNA sequencing luciferase reporter assay and qRT‐PCR. The expression of LncRNA FAF was downregulated in hypoxic cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissues. Overexpression of lncRNA FAF could attenuate cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, improve cell viability and reduce infarct size during the procession of AMI. Moreover, lncRNA FAF was confirmed as a sponge of miR‐185‐5p and promoted PAK2 expression in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel lncRNA FAF/miR‐185‐5p/PAK2 axis as a crucial regulator in cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, which might be a potential therapeutic target of AMI.
Journal Article
3D Ultralight Hollow NiCo Compound@MXene Composites for Tunable and High-Efficient Microwave Absorption
HighlightsUltralight 3D NiCo compound@MXene nanocomposites that inherited hollow polyhedral skeleton and excellent conductive network were fabricated.Excellent electromagnetic absorption performance was achieved with optimal RLmin value of − 67.22 dB and ultra-wide EAB of 6.72 GHz under the low filler loading.Electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption property can be distinctly or slightly regulated by adjusting the filler loading and decoration of Ti3C2Tx nanoflakes.The 3D hollow hierarchical architectures tend to be designed for inhibiting stack of MXene flakes to obtain satisfactory lightweight, high-efficient and broadband absorbers. Herein, the hollow NiCo compound@MXene networks were prepared by etching the ZIF 67 template and subsequently anchoring the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets through electrostatic self-assembly. The electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption property can be distinctly or slightly regulated by adjusting the filler loading and decoration of Ti3C2Tx nanoflakes. Based on the synergistic effects of multi-components and special well-constructed structure, NiCo layered double hydroxides@Ti3C2Tx (LDHT-9) absorber remarkably achieves unexpected effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.72 GHz with a thickness of 2.10 mm, covering the entire Ku-band. After calcination, transition metal oxide@Ti3C2Tx (TMOT-21) absorber near the percolation threshold possesses minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of − 67.22 dB at 1.70 mm within a filler loading of only 5 wt%. This work enlightens a simple strategy for constructing MXene-based composites to achieve high-efficient microwave absorbents with lightweight and tunable EAB.
Journal Article
Synergetic iridium and amine catalysis enables asymmetric 4+2 cycloadditions of vinyl aminoalcohols with carbonyls
Catalytic asymmetric cycloadditions via transition-metal-containing dipolar intermediates are a powerful tool for synthesizing chiral heterocycles. However, within the field of palladium catalysis, compared with the well-developed normal electron-demand cycloadditions with electrophilic dipolarophiles, a general strategy for inverse electron-demand ones with nucleophilic dipolarophiles remains elusive, due to the inherent linear selectivity in the key palladium-catalyzed intermolecular allylations. Herein, based on the switched regioselectivity of iridium-catalyzed allylations, we achieved two asymmetric [4+2] cycloadditions of vinyl aminoalcohols with aldehydes and β,γ-unsaturated ketones through synergetic iridium and amine catalysis. The activation of vinyl aminoalcohols by iridium catalysts and carbonyls by amine catalysts provide a foundation for the subsequent asymmetric [4+2] cycloadditions of the resulting iridium-containing 1,4-dipoles and (di)enamine dipolarophiles. The former provides a straightforward route to a diverse set of enantio-enriched hydroquinolines bearing chiral quaternary stereocenters, and the later represent an enantio- and diastereodivergent synthesis of chiral hydroquinolines.
Inverse electron-demand cycloadditions in palladium catalysis are inherently limited by the linear selectivity in the allylic substitution step. To overcome this issue, the authors report a synergetic iridium (branched-selective) and amine catalysis in [4+2] cycloadditions of vinyl aminoalcohols with carbonyls.
Journal Article
Basic information about memantine and its treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other clinical applications
Memantine is a noncompetitive moderate‐affinity strong voltage‐dependent N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist. It has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) since 1989. In 2018, it became the second most commonly used drug for the treatment of dementia in the world. AD is nonreversible, and memantine can only relieve the symptoms of AD but not cure it. Over the past half‐century, memantine's research and clinical application have been extensively developed. In this review, the basic composition of memantine, the mechanism and limitations of memantine in the treatment of AD, memantine combination therapy, comparison of memantine with other drugs for AD, and clinical studies of memantine in other diseases are reviewed to provide a valuable reference for further research and application of memantine for the treatment of AD. This article reviews the use of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Memantine and other drugs have limited efficacy and side effects in the treatment of AD. Combined therapy is one possible way to improve the efficacy of memantine therapy, which needs to be explored further. It is challenging to produce an entirely new drug, and it is important to examine the usefulness of memantine in other diseases.
Journal Article
Global burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Background and objective
Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. This study aimed to assess the global burden of breast cancer and identify attributable risk factors across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.
Methods
Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analyzed the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and risk factors associated with breast cancer. We obtained and analyzed the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and age-standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2021. We assessed geographical variations and the impact of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using regression analysis and stratification by SDI quintiles. Additionally, we estimated the risk factors attributable to breast cancer deaths and DALYs using the comparative risk assessment framework of the GBD study.
Results
Globally, breast cancer incident cases increased from 875,657 in 1990 to 2,121,564 in 2021. The ASIR rose from 16.42 to 26.88 per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.54–1.60). High SDI regions showed the highest ASIR (66.89 per 100,000 in 2021), while Low SDI regions had the lowest (6.99 per 100,000 in 2021). The global ASDR decreased from 10.42 to 8.54 per 100,000, and the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased from 313.36 to 261.5 per 100,000 between 1990 and 2021. However, these improvements were not uniform across SDI regions. Risk factors included high body-mass index, alcohol use, tobacco, and high fasting plasma glucose, with variations across SDI regions.
Conclusion
The global burden of breast cancer has increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, with disparities observed across SDI regions. While high SDI areas show improvements in mortality and DALYs, lower SDI regions face increasing burdens. Targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors and improving healthcare access in less developed regions are crucial for reducing the global impact of breast cancer.
Journal Article