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The surface chemistry of solid electrolyte interphase is one of the critical factors that govern the cycling life of rechargeable batteries. However, this chemistry is less explored for zinc anodes, owing to their relatively high redox potential and limited choices in electrolyte. Here, we report the observation of a zinc fluoride-rich organic/inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase on zinc anode, based on an acetamide-Zn(TFSI) 2 eutectic electrolyte. A combination of experimental and modeling investigations reveals that the presence of anion-complexing zinc species with markedly lowered decomposition energies contributes to the in situ formation of an interphase. The as-protected anode enables reversible (~100% Coulombic efficiency) and dendrite-free zinc plating/stripping even at high areal capacities (>2.5 mAh cm ‒2 ), endowed by the fast ion migration coupled with high mechanical strength of the protective interphase. With this interphasial design the assembled zinc batteries exhibit excellent cycling stability with negligible capacity loss at both low and high rates. Zinc chemistry is not favourable to the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase as a result of its high redox potential. In a break with the traditional wisdom, the present authors realise ZnF 2 -rich hybrid SEI on Zn anode via the modulation of cationic speciation in a eutectic electrolyte.

Dynamic reconstruction of metal sulphides during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has hampered the acquisition of legible evidence for comprehensively understanding the phase-transition mechanism and electrocatalytic activity origin. Herein, modelling on a series of cobalt-nickel bimetallic sulphides, we for the first time establish an explicit and comprehensive picture of their dynamic phase evaluation pathway at the pre-catalytic stage before OER process. By utilizing the in-situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, the lattice sulphur atoms of (NiCo)S 1.33 particles are revealed to be partially substituted by oxygen from electrolyte to form a lattice oxygen-sulphur coexisting shell surface before the generation of reconstituted active species. Such S-O exchange process is benefitted from the subtle modulation of metal-sulphur coordination form caused by the specific Ni and Co occupation. This unique oxygen-substitution behaviour produces an (NiCo)O x S 1.33-x surface to reduce the energy barrier of surface reconstruction for converting sulphides into active oxy/hydroxide derivative, therefore significantly increasing the proportion of lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism compared to the pure sulphide surface. We anticipate this direct observation can provide an explicit picture of catalysts’ structural and compositional evolution during the electrocatalytic process. Dynamic reconstruction of metal sulphides during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction is a key aspect of study. Herein, modelling on a series of cobalt-nickel bimetallic sulphides, the authors reveal a dynamic phase evaluation pathway and the S-O substitution process occurring on the catalytic surface at the pre-catalytic stage.

Furfural has been considered as one of the most promising platform molecules directly derived from biomass. The hydrogenation of furfural is one of the most versatile reactions to upgrade furanic components to biofuels. For instance, it can lead to plenty of downstream products, such as (tetrahydro)furfuryl alcohol, 2-methyl(tetrahydro)furan, lactones, levulinates, cyclopentanone(l), or diols, etc. The aim of this review is to discuss recent advances in the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural towards (tetrahydro)furfuryl alcohol and 2-methyl(tetrahydro)furan in terms of different non-noble metal and noble metal catalytic systems. Reaction mechanisms that are related to the different catalytic materials and reaction conditions are properly discussed. Selective hydrogenation of furfural could be modified not only by varying the types of catalyst (nature of metal, support, and preparation method) and reaction conditions, but also by altering the reaction regime, namely from batch to continuous flow. In any case, furfural catalytic hydrogenation is an open research line, which represents an attractive option for biomass valorization towards valuable chemicals and fuels.

Microplastic pollution, an emerging environmental issue, poses significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. In tackling microplastic pollution and advancing green hydrogen production, this study reveals a tandem catalytic microplastic degradation-hydrogen evolution reaction (MPD-HER) process using hierarchical porous carbon nitride-supported single-atom iron catalysts (FeSA-hCN). Through hydrothermal-assisted Fenton-like reactions, we accomplish near-total ultrahigh-molecular-weight-polyethylene degradation into C 3 -C 20 organics with 64% selectivity of carboxylic acid under neutral pH, a leap beyond current capabilities in efficiency, selectivity, eco-friendliness, and stability over six cycles. The system demonstrates versatility by degrading various daily-use plastics across different aquatic settings. The mixture of FeSA-hCN and plastic degradation products further achieves a hydrogen evolution of 42 μmol h ‒1 under illumination, outperforming most existing plastic photoreforming methods. This tandem MPD-HER process not only provides a scalable and economically feasible strategy to combat plastic pollution but also contributes to the hydrogen economy, with far-reaching implications for global sustainability initiatives. Developing sustainable strategies to tackle microplastic pollution and advance energy solutions is crucial for a green future. Here, authors designed carbon nitride-supported single-atom iron catalysts, with a tandem catalytic process, for microplastic degradation and green hydrogen production.

Solid‐state lithium battery promises highly safe electrochemical energy storage. Conductivity of solid electrolyte and compatibility of electrolyte/electrode interface are two keys to dominate the electrochemical performance of all solid‐state battery. By in situ polymerizing poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate within self‐supported three‐dimensional porous Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 framework, the as‐assembled solid‐state battery employing 4.5 V LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode and Li metal anode demonstrates a high Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99% at room temperature. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance results reveal that Li+ migrates fast along the continuous Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 phase and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/polymer interfacial phase to generate a fantastic conductivity of 2.0 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, which is 56 times higher than that of pristine poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate. Meanwhile, the in situ polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate can not only integrate the loose interfacial contact but also protect Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 from being reduced by lithium metal. As a consequence of the compatible solid‐solid contact, the interfacial resistance decreases significantly by a factor of 40 times, resolving the notorious interfacial issue effectively. The integrated strategy proposed by this work can thereby guide both the preparation of highly conductive solid electrolyte and compatible interface design to boost practical high energy density all solid‐state lithium metal battery. The poor room‐temperature ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte and incompatibility of solid–solid electrolyte/electrode interface are resolved simultaneously by in situ polymerizing electrode compatible polymer within a highly conductive, three‐dimensional self‐supported porous oxide framework. The composite solid electrolyte guided by this strategy is exploited to achieve excellent cycling performance for high‐voltage solid‐state lithium battery.

Alginate is an important natural biopolymer and metal ion-induced gelation is one of its most significant functional properties. Alginate-based hydrogels crosslinked with metal ions are commonly utilized in the food, biomedical, tissue engineering, and environment fields. The process of metal ion-induced alginate gelation has been the subject of thorough research over the last few decades. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of alginate hydrogels induced by different cations (primarily including Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Sr2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, and Al3+). Metal ion-induced alginate gelation shows different preferences for α-L-guluronic acid (G), β-D-mannuronic acid (M), and GM blocks. Some metal ions can also selectively bind to the carboxyl groups of guluronic acid. The properties and applications of these alginate-based hydrogels are also discussed. The primary objective of this review is to provide useful information for exploring the practical applications of alginate.

Easy-to-manufacture Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 glass ceramics are the key to large-scale all-solid-state lithium batteries from an industrial point of view, while their commercialization is greatly hampered by the low room temperature Li + conductivity, especially due to the lack of solutions. Herein, we propose a nanocrystallization strategy to fabricate super Li + -conductive glass ceramics. Through regulating the nucleation energy, the crystallites within glass ceramics can self-organize into hetero-nanodomains during the solid-state reaction. Cryogenic transmission electron microscope and electron holography directly demonstrate the numerous closely spaced grain boundaries with enriched charge carriers, which actuate superior Li + -conduction as confirmed by variable-temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Glass ceramics with a record Li + conductivity of 13.2 mS cm −1 are prepared. The high Li + conductivity ensures stable operation of a 220 μm thick LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 composite cathode (8 mAh cm −2 ), with which the all-solid-state lithium battery reaches a high energy density of 420 Wh kg −1 by cell mass and 834 Wh L −1 by cell volume at room temperature. These findings bring about powerful new degrees of freedom for engineering super ionic conductors. The development of Li2S-P2S5 glass ceramics is greatly hampered by the low room temperature lithium conductivity. Here, the authors propose a nanocrystallization strategy to fabricate super lithium conductive glass ceramics.

All‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (ASLMBs) are considered to be remarkably promising energy storage devices owing to their high safety and energy density. However, the limitations of current solid electrolytes in oxidation stability and ion transport properties have emerged as fundamental barriers in practical applications. Herein, a novel solid electrolyte is presented by in situ polymerization of salt‐concentrated poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) implanted with a three‐dimensional porous L10GeP2S12 skeleton to mitigate these issues. The poly(PEGDE) endows more oxygen atoms to coordinate with Li+, significantly lowering its highest occupied molecular orbital level. As a consequence, the electro‐oxidation resistance of poly(PEGDE) exceeds 4.7 V versus Li+/Li. Simultaneously, the three‐dimensonal porous L10GeP2S12 skeleton provides a percolated pathway for rapid Li+ migration, ensuring a sufficient ionic conductivity of 7.7 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. As the bottlenecks are well solved, 4.5 V LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2‐based ASLMBs present fantastic cycle performance over 200 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.6% at room temperature. A three‐dimensonal composite electrolyte is presented by in situ polymerizing salt‐concentrated polymer implanted with a porous sulfide skeleton. The high‐salt concentration allows more oxygen atoms to coordinate with ions thus significantly enhancing the oxidative stability of the polymer, while the sulfide skeleton provides continuous pathways for fast Li+ transportation. This synergy enables stable cycling of 4.5 V all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries at room temperature.

Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of customized orthoses on foot morphology and plantar pressure in professional athletes with accessory navicular syndrome (ANS) over a 12-month period, compared to conventional insoles. Methods In this randomized controlled study, 54 pro athletes with medial foot pain, diagnosed with ANS, joined after 3-month training. Split into two groups: custom orthotics (intervention) or regular insoles (control). Evaluated at 3, 6, 12 months on foot structure (arch, navicular, etc.) and function (pressure, force-time integral, VAS pain). Found significant improvements in intervention group’s foot shape, pressure distribution, and pain reduction compared to controls. Results Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant increases in arch angle and arch height across all assessment intervals ( P  < 0.05). Additionally, heel eversion angle and navicular prominence distance significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to controls ( P  < 0.05). Pressure and force-time integral values at the first metatarsal head, medial arch, and medial heel significantly decreased, while lateral arch loading increased in the intervention group ( P  < 0.05). VAS scores for foot pain significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to controls ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion Customized orthoses effectively improved foot morphology and reduced plantar pressure in professional athletes with ANS compared to conventional insoles. These findings suggest that customized orthotic intervention provides faster and more significant pain relief for patients with ANS-related medial arch collapse. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500100238; Retrospectively registered on 04/07/2025).

Credit card as a kind of advanced means of payment and the new way of consumer credit in the world widely, but in our country is faced with some problems, such as their per capita spending is low, open the card number is small, motionless bank card is a lot. In this paper, using the Logit model to analyze the Anshan city in Liaoning province consumer credit card usage. And combined with empirical analysis to provide banking management Suggestions and marketing countermeasures, including targeted to provide different kinds of credit card.