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Articular cartilage and cartilage matrix degradation are key pathological changes occurring in the early stage of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, currently, there are limited strategies for early prevention and treatment of KOA. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) is a formula quoted in Bei Ji Qian jin Yao Fang, which was compiled by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty of China. As a complementary therapy, it is widely used to treat early-stage KOA in China; however, its mechanism has not been completely elucidated. This study investigated the potential role of DHJSD in preventing cartilage degradation and the underlying mechanism. A rat model of KOA model was established via the Hulth method. Subsequently, 25 rats were randomized into sham (saline), model control (saline), high-DHJSD (1.9g/mL of DHJSD), medium-DHJSD (1.2g/mL of DHJSD), and low-DHJSD groups (0.6g/mL of DHJSD). After 4 weeks of treatment, all rats were sacrificed and the severity of the cartilage degeneration was evaluated by a series of histological methods. The autophagosome was observed using transmission electron microscopy, and the related functional proteins were detected by the western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Next, the mechanism by which DHJSD improves knee cartilage degeneration was further clarified the in vitro by gene silencing technology combined with a series of functional experiments. The proteins levels of PTEN, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and p-mTOR, as well as the marker proteins of autophagy and apoptosis were determined. Zinc levels in chondrocytes were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Histopathological staining revealed that DHJSD had a protective effect on the cartilage. DHJSD increased autophagosome synthesis and the expression of autophagy proteins LC3 and Beclin-1 in chondrocytes. Moreover, it reduced the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR and the levels of zinc, MMP-13, Bax, and Bcl-2. Following PTEN silencing, this DHJSD-mediated reduction in Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and Bax, Bcl-2, and zinc levels were further decreased; in addition, DHJSD-mediated increase in LC3 and Beclin-1 levels was decreased. DHJSD inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by targeting PTEN to promote autophagy in chondrocytes, which may help reduce MMP-13 production by regulating zinc levels in chondrocytes.

The treatment of breast cancer (BC) is a serious challenge due to its heterogeneous nature, multidrug resistance (MDR), and limited therapeutic options. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) represent a promising tool for overcoming toxicity and chemotherapy drug resistance in BC treatment. No bibliometric studies have yet been published on the research landscape of NDDS-based treatment of BC. In this review, we extracted data from 1,752 articles on NDDS-based treatment of BC published between 2012 and 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and some online platforms were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. Publication trends were initially observed: in terms of geographical distribution, China and the United States had the most papers on this subject. The highest contributing institution was Sichuan University. In terms of authorship and co-cited authorship, the most prolific author was Yu Zhang. Furthermore, Qiang Zhang and co-workers have made tremendous achievements in the field of NDDS-based BC treatment. The article titled “Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications” had the most citations. The Journal of Controlled Release was one of the most active publishers in the field. “Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries” was the most cited reference. We also analysed “hot” and cutting-edge research for NDDSs in BC treatment. There were nine topic clusters: “tumour microenvironment,” “nanoparticles (drug delivery),” “breast cancer/triple-negative breast cancer,” “combination therapy,” “drug release (pathway),” “multidrug resistance,” “recent advance,” “targeted drug delivery”, and “cancer nanomedicine.” We also reviewed the core themes of research. In summary, this article reviewed the application of NDDSs in the treatment of BC.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common disease, and most cases can be satisfactorily treated with conservative therapy. Chuzhen therapy, a non-surgical, non-pharmacological, and non-invasive therapy, can be performed at home, making it more acceptable to patients. However, evidence supporting the efficacy of this therapy for the treatment of acute LDH is limited. We report a 50-year-old male who presented with lower back pain, persistent radiating pain, and numbness in the lower extremities. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a large right-sided protruding nucleus pulposus (PNP) at the L5/S1 level, compressing the nerve root. The patient experienced significant symptomatic relief after 1 month of outpatient Chuzhen therapy followed by 3 years of home-based Chuzhen therapy. Follow-up imaging conducted 3 years later showed a remarkable regression of the herniated nucleus pulposus, with a substantial 64.8% reduction in its size. Concurrently, the patient's LDH classification was downgraded from MSU3-AB to MSU2-A. We report for the first time a case of LDH treated at home with Chuzhen therapy, which resulted in disc retraction. In this case, Chuzhen therapy was safe and effective as a monotherapy, but more conclusive and effective evidence is needed to elucidate its specific therapeutic mechanism.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290925.].

Objective To explore the curative effect of hematoma puncture and catheter drainage combined with urokinase injection in the surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Methods A total of 86 patients with chronic subdural hematoma were treated with unilateral or bilateral, single hole or mutilhole hematoma puncture and catheter drainage. Intraoperative washing was not done, and urokinase (20 × 103 U/time, twice one day) was injected into the cavity of hematoma after operation. The cure rate was calculated. Postoperative complications (intracranial bleeding and infection) and the recurrence rate were recorded. Results The average operation time was (0.60 ± 0.16) h. Brain tissue was restored 3 d after injection of urokinase. The average follow-up period was (4.00 ± 0.22) months. There were 85 cases being cured, and the cure rate was 98.84%. One case was recurred, and the recurrence rate was 1.16%. No patient had postoperative intracranial bleeding or infection, or needed reoperation. Conclusions Chronic subdural hematoma can be treated by hematoma puncture and catheter drainage with no intraoperative washing but urokinase injection into the cavity of hematoma after operation, which had remarkable effect and low recurrence rate.

CFU combined process is the Coagulation - Flotation - Ultrafiltration combined process.For the car washing wastewater with litter oil, this article mainly studies its oil removing effect.It selects five groups of opposite experiments to carry on the oil removing examination about the oiliness car washing wastewater, and analyzes the floating time, the flotation column effluent position, the dosage of the composite coagulant (PAM + PAFC) and the hollow ultrafiltration membrane filtration rate in CFU combined process’s optimal operating condition, and also compares oil removing efficiency among various kinds of crafts when it adds the ultrafiltration membrane. The experimental results show that: for the small oil-content wastewater (in this experiment,the wastewater is car washing wastewater,the oil content is 5.28mg/L ~13.47 mg/L), the oil removing rate of CFU combined process can reach more than 40%,which nearly doubles the oil removing rate of the conventional coagulation - flotation process.

Test using CS-type UV sterilizer to do experimental study on the urban sewage , mainly research the influence of the placement time under natural light and the UV dose on photoreactivation. The results show that when disinfection ultraviolet dose is equal, bacteria photoreactivation phenomenon is more obvious with the increase of the placement time of water samples under natural light . When the placement time reaches at 3h, bacteria photoreactivation phenomenon is the most obvious. Under the same placement time, the ratio of bacteria photoreactivation decreases gradually with the increase of UV dose. When UV dose reaches at 80mJ /cm2 or the higher doses, the bacteria does not basically happen photoreactivation phenomenon. Photoreactivation phenomenon in E. coli is more obvious than that in bacteria under the same conditions.

In conventional opinion, hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） are alike, possessing robust self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity. However, growing evidence has revealed striking functional heterogeneity among individual HSCs, particularly in the aspect of lymphomyeloid output [1-3].

Background：Coronal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （DW-MRI） and apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values have gradually become applied （following conventional axial DW-MRI） in the renal analysis.To explore whether data obtained using coronal DW-MRI are comparable with those derived using axial DW-MRI,this preliminary study sought to assess the agreement in renal ADC values between coronal DW-MRI and axial DW-MRI.Methods：Thirty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study; written consents were obtained.All subjects underwent respiratory-triggered axial and coronal DW-MRI using a 1.5-MR system with b values of 0 and 800 s/mm2.The signal-to-noise ratios （SNRs） of the two DW-MRI sequences were measured and statistically compared using the paired t-test.The extent of agreement of ADC values of the upper pole,mid-pole,and lower pole of the kidney; the mean ADC values of the left kidney and right kidney; and the mean ADC values of the bilateral kidneys were evaluated via calculation of intraclass correlation coefficients （ICCs） or Bland-Altman method between the two DW-MRI sequences.Results：The SNR of coronal DW-MR images was statistically inferior to that of axial DW-MR images （P ＜ 0.001）.The ICCs of the ADC values of each region of interest,and the mean ADC values of bilateral kidneys,between the two sequences,were greater than 0.5,and the mean ADCs of the bilateral kidneys demonstrated the highest ICC （0.869; 95％ confidence interval：0.739-0.935）.In addition,94.1％ （32/34）,94.1％ （32/34）,and 97.1％ （31/34） of the ADC bias was inside the limits of agreement in terms of the mean ADC values of the left kidneys,right kidneys,and bilateral kidneys when coronal and axial DWI-MRI were compared.Conclusions：ADC values derived using coronal DW-MRI exhibited moderate-to-good agreement to those of axial DW-MRI,rendering the former an additional useful DW-MRI method,and causing the ADC values derived using the two types of DW-MRI to be comparable.