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Metastasis between primary lung cancers and urological malignancies, for example prostate, renal and bladder cancers, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Previous epidemiological data underscore a frequent bidirectional overlap that adversely affects patient survival. This review synthesizes current molecular insights and clinical implications of this metastatic crosstalk, delineating how these distinct tumor types exploit shared molecular toolkits, including the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 axis, hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, to facilitate dissemination and colonization. The distinct immune contextures and cellular architectures of the metastatic niche in different organs have also been explored, revealing their notable influence on therapeutic responses. Although molecular profiling and liquid biopsies have been refining diagnostic precision and allowing for a shift toward mechanism-centric agnostic therapies, organ-specific microenvironments continue to modulate drug efficacy. Integration of these insights is necessary for advancing personalized management strategies and improving outcomes for patients in this complex clinical setting.

Objective Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been closely associated with ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), the underlying regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic strategies remain poorly defined. This study aims to delineate how ginsenoside Rg3 mitigates IVDD progression through ferroptosis suppression, providing a basis for clinical translation. Method An erastin‐induced nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis model was established. Suitable Erastin concentrations (0–20 μM) were screened via CCK‐8, qRT‐PCR, and Western blotting based on viability, extracellular matrix (COL2A1/ACAN/ADAMTS5/MMP3) and ferroptosis markers (GPX4/FTH‐1/ACSL4), followed by determination of optimal Rg3 concentrations (0–150 μM) using identical methods. Key targets of Rg3 were predicted through network pharmacology and verified by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. After establishing a rat tail puncture‐induced IVDD model, local injection of Rg3 was administered. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by MRI assessment of nucleus pulposus status and disc height, alongside histological and immunohistochemical analyses of Rg3's role in delaying disc degeneration. Result 5 μM Erastin effectively induced ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells, reducing cell viability, suppressing expression of extracellular matrix anabolic proteins (COL2A1, ACAN), while promoting catabolic factors (MMP3, ADAMTS5) and downregulating ferroptosis inhibitors (GPX4, FTH‐1). These alterations were significantly reversed by 100 μM Rg3. Integrated network pharmacology and molecular biological validation identified PRKAA2 as the key target mediating Rg3's anti‐degenerative effects. In vivo rat experiments demonstrated that Rg3 treatment preserved disc height and attenuated disc degeneration, with histological and immunohistochemical analyses further confirming its therapeutic efficacy and PRKAA2‐targeted regulation. Conclusion This study elucidates the therapeutic mechanism of Rg3 in delaying IVDD progression via PRKAA2‐mediated ferroptosis inhibition, providing substantial experimental evidence for its clinical translation as a potential disease‐modifying agent. Ginsenosides Rg3 were used to repair the degenerative nucleus pulposus; Furthermore, Rg3 was identified as the bioactive molecule that inhibits the occurrence of ferroptosis through inhibiting PRKAA2 expression in degenerated discs.

Background: Due to the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the problem of antibiotic resistance has become an increasingly serious global threat. One of the key mechanisms of Escherichia coli resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production of beta-lactamase enzymes, which poses a dilemma for clinicians in selecting antibiotics when faced with resistant bacterial infections. However, research on the reversal of bacterial resistance is limited. Methods: This study involved the preparation of Iris tectorum extract and detection of its effects on antibiotics sensitivity, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene expression, and histidine kinase phosphorylation levels in β-lactam antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Additionally, analyses of the active ingredients of Iris tectorum extract were conducted with a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer, and the binding sites were predicted by molecular docking. Results: Iris tectorum extract could restore the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to beta-lactam antibiotics and reduce the expression levels of ESBL genes and histidine phosphorylation levels. The active ingredients of Iris tectorum extract may be irigenin and tectorigenin, and these two small molecules could bind to histidine kinase to inhibit phosphorylation. Conclusions: Iris tectorum extract may serve as an antibiotic adjuvant, restoring the sensitivity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by inhibiting histidine kinase phosphorylation, thereby alleviating the problem of Escherichia coli resistance to β-lactam antibiotics.

This paper addresses the challenges of intent recognition in collaborative Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) search missions, where multiple AUVs must coordinate effectively despite environmental uncertainties and communication limitations. We propose a consensus-based intent recognition (CBIR) method grounded in the Belief–Desire–Intention (BDI) framework. The CBIR approach incorporates fuzzy inference and deep learning techniques to predict AUV intentions with minimal data exchange, improving the robustness and efficiency of collaborative decision making. The system uses a behavior modeling phase to map state features to actions and a deep learning-based intent inference phase, leveraging a residual convolutional neural network (ResCNN) for accurate intent prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ResCNN network improves intent recognition accuracy, enhances the efficiency of collaborative search missions, and increases the success rate.

In this study, the de-NOx performance of Cu-based zeolite catalysts supported on topological structure (SSZ-13, BEA, ZSM-5) and loaded with different doses of copper (from 2 to 6 wt.%) was investigated. The preparation of copper-based catalysts adopted the incipient wetness impregnation method. To analyze the physicochemical properties of the catalysts, advanced techniques like BET, XRD, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, and DRS UV-Vis were used. The performance tests suggested the 4Cu/SSZ-13 catalyst exhibited higher low-temperature activity and wider temperature window. Furthermore, compared with Mn-Cu/SSZ-13, the Ce-Cu/SSZ-13 catalysts exhibited better de-NOx performance.

Psychological distress (PD) is one of the most prevalent psychological challenges among young patients with thyroid cancer. Recognizing the symptoms of psychological distress among young cancers at different stages is essential for improving their quality of life. This study aims to identify distinct profiles of psychological distress in young thyroid cancer patients post-surgery and assess differences in self-management efficacy across these profiles. This cross-sectional study was carried out in one general hospital in Chongqing, China. Participants completed the data collection on sociodemographic information, the specific Cancer Distress Scales for Adolescents and Young Adults (CDS-AYA), and the Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH). Latent profile analysis was utilized to classify psychological distress into distinct subgroups, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to examine differences in self-management efficacy across these subgroups. A total of 213 valid questionnaires were collected. Ultimately, three distinct profiles of psychological distress were identified: \"low PD group\" (67.1%), \"moderate PD group\" (25.8%), and \"high PD group\" (7.1%). Statistically significant differences were observed among these groups with respect to monthly economic income, underlying diseases, treatment modalities, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, and cervical lymph node dissection (F = 36.308, < 0.001). Additionally, there were statistically significant variations in self-management efficacy scores across the three subgroups. Healthcare professionals ought to implement targeted interventions to tackle the heterogeneity of psychological distress, thereby assisting young with thyroid cancer in lowering their level of psychological distress and enhancing their ability to self-manage their disease.

HER2 signaling is activated in response to somatic HER2 mutations, which are often found in invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) and are associated with poor prognosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated considerable antitumor activity in patients with HER2-mutated advanced breast cancer (BC). Further, several clinical trials have indicated that HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) exhibit promising efficacy in lung cancer with HER2 mutations, and the efficacy of ADCs against HER2-mutated BC is currently being evaluated. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of ADCs in HER2-mutated cancer can be enhanced by the addition of irreversible TKIs, but the potential of such a combined treatment regimen for the treatment of HER2-mutated BC has not been reported. Herein, we describe a case in which a patient with estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic ILC with 2 activating HER2 mutations (D769H and V777L) exhibited a significant and durable response to anti-HER2 treatment with pyrotinib (an irreversible TKI) in combination with ado-trastuzumab emtansine, which was administered after multiple lines of therapy that had resulted in disease progression. Further, based on the evidence from the present case, TKI plus ADC seems to be a promising combination anti-HER2 regimen for patients with HER2-negative/HER2-mutated advanced BC, although further rigorous studies are warranted to confirm these findings. This case report is the first to describe the treatment of invasive lobular breast cancer carrying HER2 mutations with combined treatment involving the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pyrotinib and the antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine. The regimen was promising.

Bifidobacterium is a common bacterium colonizing human intestines which is frequently used to produce probiotic-related products. Since the rapid development of probiotic products field over recent years, improving probiotic-related testing methods, as well as conducting systematic safety evaluations is urgently needed. Advances in sequencing technology enable clinicians to access the complete genome of bacteria more effectively via whole genome sequencing, thereby providing a solution for the safety evaluation of probiotics. In our current study, seven samples of the Bifidobacterium spp. were isolated from probiotic products, and genomic analysis were used to improve the identification of Bifidobacterium spp. at the species and subspecies levels. Notably, the obtained high-quality complete genomes were employed to predict the genetically encoded drug resistance and virulence attributes of seven Bifidobacterium strains, which further improve the evaluation of probiotics safety. Genes imparting beneficial functional properties, as well as those associated with colonization and survival within the gastrointestinal tract were presented in all strains. In addition, whole genome sequencing-based analysis combined with phylogenetic trees could help identify the subspecies and facilitate the analysis of the existing homology of samples and the previously reported differences between strains. Our study evaluated the accuracy of mainstream approaches in identifying the bacteria probiotic-related products, and uncovered the deceptive facts in bacteria labeling. Our findings could provide the experimental basis for subspecies level bacterial identification in probiotic-related industry, and to help establish a standard systematic safety evaluation method.

Bifidobacterium is a common bacterium colonizing human intestines which is frequently used to produce probiotic-related products. Since the rapid development of probiotic products field over recent years, improving probiotic-related testing methods, as well as conducting systematic safety evaluations is urgently needed. Advances in sequencing technology enable clinicians to access the complete genome of bacteria more effectively via whole genome sequencing, thereby providing a solution for the safety evaluation of probiotics. In our current study, seven samples of the Bifidobacterium spp. were isolated from probiotic products, and genomic analysis were used to improve the identification of Bifidobacterium spp. at the species and subspecies levels. Notably, the obtained high-quality complete genomes were employed to predict the genetically encoded drug resistance and virulence attributes of seven Bifidobacterium strains, which further improve the evaluation of probiotics safety. Genes imparting beneficial functional properties, as well as those associated with colonization and survival within the gastrointestinal tract were presented in all strains. In addition, whole genome sequencing–based analysis combined with phylogenetic trees could help identify the subspecies and facilitate the analysis of the existing homology of samples and the previously reported differences between strains. Our study evaluated the accuracy of mainstream approaches in identifying the bacteria probiotic-related products, and uncovered the deceptive facts in bacteria labeling. Our findings could provide the experimental basis for subspecies level bacterial identification in probiotic-related industry, and to help establish a standard systematic safety evaluation method.

Objective. To explore the optimal concentration and antimicrobial effectiveness of antimicrobial preservative in betastatin besylate nasal spray. Methods. By using Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger as test strains, the antimicrobial effectiveness of betastatin besylate nasal spray containing different concentrations of antimicrobial preservative (0.02%, 0.0125%, and 0.005% benzalkonium chloride, respectively) was determined by using bacteriostatic effect test (Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2015 edition). Results. The antimicrobial effectiveness of betastatin besylate nasal spray containing 0.02% and 0.0125% benzalkonium chloride, respectively, complied with the regulations of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition) against five test strains. However, the antimicrobial effectiveness of betastatin besylate nasal spray containing 0.005% benzalkonium chloride against P. aeruginosa did not meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion. Benzalkonium chloride at a concentration of 0.125% can be used as an added antimicrobial preservative in betastatin besylate nasal spray.