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BackgroundThe role of laparoscopic-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction (LA-NOSE) colectomy in the treatment of left-sided colon cancer has not been well defined, and there remains confusion about how to conveniently exteriorize specimens through natural orifices. Therefore, we introduced a homemade invention, the Cai tube, to facilitate the extraction of specimens and compared the clinical outcomes of LA-NOSE with conventional laparoscopic (CL) colectomy for left-sided colon cancer.MethodsFrom March 2015 to August 2017, patients with left-sided colon cancer were randomly divided into LA-NOSE and CL groups. Specimens were extracted through the anus with the help of a Cai tube (Patent Number: ZL201410168748.2) in the LA-NOSE group. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pain. Secondary outcomes were the duration of operation, postoperative recovery, surgical morbidity, pathological quality of the specimen, and long-term outcomes, including 3-year overall survival, disease-free survival, local recurrence, and overall recurrence.ResultsA total of 60 patients (30 per group) were recruited for this study. None of the patients required emergency conversion to conventional laparoscopic or open surgery during the operation. The postoperative maximum pain score was significantly lower in the LA-NOSE group (mean 2.5 vs. 5.1, P = 0.001), as was the additional analgesia requirement (mean 2/30 vs. 10/30, P = 0.021). Patients in the LA-NOSE group experienced a shorter first time to passage of flatus (mean 2.2 vs. 3.1 days, P = 0.026). All patients could control their defecation at 6 months after surgery. The comparison between the two groups showed no significant differences in the operative time, bleeding volume, postoperative hospital stay, surgical morbidity rates, number of lymph nodes harvested, or resection margin status. The mean follow-up was 48 months (range 7–59) and was similar in both groups. The results showed no differences in long-term outcomes between the two groups.ConclusionIn the treatment of left-sided colon cancer, compared with conventional laparoscopic colectomy, LA-NOSE colectomy using the Cai tube exhibited lower postoperative pain, shorter recovery of gastrointestinal function, and similar long-term outcomes.Registration numberChiCTR-OOR-15007060 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/).

The long-term oil exploitation in oil fields has led to pollution of surrounding soil, creating a serious ecological problem. In order to promote and improve the application of microbial remediation in oil contaminated soil, experiment is carried out in polluted area in Zhongyuan Oilfield. In the experiment, indigenous microorganisms and other physical and chemical methods are employed, ryegrass is grown, and environmental factors in soil are regulated to degrade the oil and treat the polluted soil. Results show that when the average oil content in the soil is about 523.08 mg/kg, 65 days＇ remediation through plants and microorganisms could help bring the oil content down to 74.61 mg/kg, achieving a degradation rate of 85.74%; through salinity treatment, salt content in soil is reduced by 62.93-82.03% to 399-823 mg/kg from previous 2.22 g/kg. Through this experiment, the bioremediation method is improved and its effectiveness and feasibility are testified. The result has been applied in Zhongyuan Oilfield and has brought fair ecological and economic benefits, providing technical support to the treatment of contaminated soil of the same kind, and offering some insights to the treatment of soil contaminated by other organic pollutants.

Reliable and noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are an unmet need. This study aimed to screen and validate potential urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Using protein mass spectrometry, urinary MDH2 was found to be abundant both in patients with lung cancer and lung cancer model mice compared with controls. Urine samples obtained as retrospective and prospective cohorts including 1091 NSCLC patients and 736 healthy controls were measured using ELISA. Patients with stage I NSCLC had higher urinary MDH2 compared with healthy controls. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the urinary MDH2 was 0.7679 and 0.7234 in retrospective and prospective cohorts to distinguish stage I cases from controls. Urinary MDH2 levels correlated with gender and smoking history. MDH2 expression levels were elevated in lung cancer tissues. MDH2 knockdown using shRNA inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that urinary MDH2 concentration was higher in early‐stage NSCLC patients compared with that in controls and that MDH2 could serve as a potential biomarker for early detection of NSCLC. Malate dehydrogenase 2 was significantly elevated both in urine and in cancer tissues of NSCLC patients. The level of MDH2 in urine could serve as an assistant biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.

The need for tumor postoperative treatments aimed at recurrence prevention and tissue regeneration have raised wide considerations in the context of the design and functionalization of implants. Herein, an injectable hydrogel system encapsulated with anti-tumor, anti-oxidant dual functional nanoparticles has been developed in order to prevent tumor relapse after surgery and promote wound repair. The utilization of biocompatible gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was geared towards localized therapeutic intervention. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@ceric oxide (ZIF-8@CeO2, ZC) nanoparticles (NPs) were purposefully devised for their proficiency as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Furthermore, injectable GelMA hydrogels loaded with ZC NPs carrying doxorubicin (ZC-DOX@GEL) were tailored as multifunctional postoperative implants, ensuring the efficacious eradication of residual tumor cells and alleviation of oxidative stress. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to substantiate the efficacy in cancer cell elimination and the prevention of tumor recurrence through the synergistic chemotherapy approach employed with ZC-DOX@GEL. The acceleration of tissue regeneration and in vitro ROS scavenging attributes of ZC@GEL were corroborated using rat models of wound healing. The results underscore the potential of the multifaceted hydrogels presented herein for their promising application in tumor postoperative treatments.

Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) also play oncogenic roles in LUAD. However, the involvement of lncRNAs in TAM activation is still largely unknown. Methods The expressions of LARRPM, LINC00240 and CSF1 were determined by RT-qPCR. The regulation of LINC00240 and CSF1 by LARRPM was investigated by RNA–protein pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and bisulfite DNA sequencing. In vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to investigate the roles of LARRPM. Results The lncRNA LARRPM was expressed at low levels in LUAD tissues and cells. The low expression of LARRPM was correlated with advanced stage and poor survival of patients with LUAD. Functional experiments revealed that LARRPM suppressed LUAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. LARRPM also repressed macrophage M2 polarization and infiltration. Taken together, LARRPM significantly restricted LUAD progression in vivo. Mechanistically, LARRPM bound and recruited DNA demethylase TET1 to the promoter of its anti-sense strand gene LINC00240 , leading to a decrease in DNA methylation level of the LINC00240 promoter and transcriptional activation of LINC00240 . Functional rescue assays suggested that the lncRNA LINC00240 was responsible for the roles of LARRPM in the malignant behavior of LUAD cells. LARRPM decreased the binding of TET1 to the CSF1 promoter, resulting in increased DNA methylation of the CSF1 promoter and transcriptional repression of CSF1 , which is responsible for the roles of LARRPM in macrophage M2 polarization and infiltration. The TAMs educated by LUAD cells exerted oncogenic roles, which was negatively regulated by LARRPM expressed in LUAD cells. Conclusions LARRPM restricts LUAD progression through repressing both LUAD cell and macrophages. These data shed new insights into the regulation of LUAD progression by lncRNAs and provide data on the potential utility of LARRPM as a target for LUAD treatment.

Background Pazopanib is an approved multitarget anticancer agent for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is also under clinical investigation for other malignancies, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the potential anti‐SCLC mechanisms of pazopanib remain unclear. Methods Cell viability was evaluated by CCK‐8, apoptotic cell detection was conducted using annexin V/PI staining followed by flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis was used to detect the apoptotic‐related molecules and ER‐stress pathway effectors. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined by DCFH‐HA staining followed by flow cytometry. An NCI‐H446 xenograft model was established to evaluate pazopanib on tumor suppression in vivo. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess the proliferative activity of xenograft in NCI‐H446 cell‐bearing NOD‐SCID mice. Results Pazopanib dose‐ and time‐dependently inhibited SCLC cell proliferation induced significant apoptosis in SCLC cell lines, increased cleaved‐caspase3 and Bax, and decreased Bcl‐2. Moreover, the PERK‐related ER‐stress pathway was potently activated by pazopanib treatment, inhibiting ER‐stress by salubrinal significantly reversing pazopanib‐mediated apoptosis in SCLC cell lines. Furthermore, pazopanib‐induced intracellular ROS levels increased, while inhibiting ROS by NAC significantly reversed pazopanib‐induced apoptosis in SCLC cells. In addition, pazopanib significantly suppressed NCI‐H446 xenograft growth and decreased Ki67 positive cells in the tumor. Conclusion Our findings indicate that pazopanib induces SCLC cell apoptosis through the ER‐stress process via upregulation of ROS levels. Further investigation of relevant biomarkers to accurately select patients for benefit from pazopanib should be further investigated. Administration of pazopanib upregulates ROS, causing endoplasmic reticulum stress, which finally promotes apoptosis in small cell lung cancer cells.

The clinical significance of central beyond brachial blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. In patients who underwent coronary angiography, the authors explored whether elevated central BP would be associated with coronary arterial disease (CAD) irrespective of the status of brachial hypertension. From March 2021 to April 2022, 335 patients (mean age 64.9 years, 69.9% men) hospitalized for suspected CAD or unstable angina were screened in an ongoing trial. CAD was defined if a coronary stenosis of ≥50%. According to the presence of brachial (non‐invasive cuff systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg) and central (invasive systolic BP ≥130 mmHg) hypertension, patients were cross‐classified as isolated brachial hypertension (n = 23), isolated central hypertension (n = 93), and concordant normotension (n = 100) or hypertension (n = 119). In continuous analyses, both brachial and central systolic BPs were significantly related to CAD with similar standardized odds ratios (OR, 1.47 and 1.45, p < .05). While categorical analyses showed that patients with isolated central hypertension or concordant hypertension had a significantly higher prevalence of CAD and the Gensini score than those with concordant normotension. Multivariate‐adjusted OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) for CAD was 2.24 (1.16 to 4.33, p = .009) for isolated central hypertension and 3.02 (1.58 to 5.78, p < .001) for concordant hypertension relative to concordant normotension. The corresponding OR (95% CI) of a high Gensini score was 2.40 (1.26–4.58) and 2.17 (1.19–3.96), respectively. In conclusion, regardless of the presence of brachial hypertension, elevated central BP was associated with the presence and severity of CAD, indicating that central hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis.

Elderly osteosarcoma patients often face significant postoperative challenges, including high recurrence rates and delayed wound healing. These issues are primarily due to inadequate hemostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated microenvironmental inhibition, and compromised bone regeneration. This study aims to address these challenges by introducing a multifunctional adhesive hydrogel designed for synergistic therapy. The hydrogel consists of carboxymethyl chitosan methacryloyl (CMCSMA) and tannic acid (TA), which form a dynamic, crosslinked polymer network capable of rapid tissue adhesion and adaptability to moist wound environments. The hydrogel incorporates ginger vesicles (GVs) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), offering a dual therapeutic approach. The system facilitates hemostasis through physical barrier formation and activation of coagulation factors, while GVs and DOX provide controlled release for ROS scavenging, reduction of inflammation, and targeted tumor cell elimination. experiments demonstrated the hydrogel's ability to efficiently remove ROS and promote osteogenic differentiation. In a rat osteosarcoma resection model, the hydrogel significantly shortened hemostasis time compared to conventional sponges, reduced tumor recurrence, and accelerated wound healing. This study presents a multifunctional hydrogel that combines hemostasis, antioxidation, tissue repair, and recurrence prevention. The findings suggest that this integrated therapeutic approach holds substantial potential for clinical application in elderly osteosarcoma treatment, addressing critical postoperative challenges and improving patient outcomes.

Russula vinosa Lindbl is a wild edible mushroom that is usually used for original material of food and soup and has rich nutritional value. What are the nutritional ingredients? In order to answer this question, we investigated the chemical constituents of this wild functional food. Six new compounds (1–6), together with nine known ones (7–15), were isolated from R. vinosa. The six new compounds were named as vinosane (1), rulepidadione C (2), (24E)-3,4-seco-cucurbita-4,24-diene-26,29-dioic acid-3-methyl ester (3), (24E)-3,4-seco-cucurbita-4,24-diene-26-oic acid-3-ethyl ester (4), (24E)-3β-hydroxycucurbita-5,24-diene-26,29-dioic acid (5), and (2S,3S,4R,2′R)-2-(2′-hydroxydocosanoylamino)eicosane-1,3,4-triol (6). Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods including HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR. Moreover, a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8 kit) was used to screen for the cytotoxicity of compounds 1–5 and 7–13 on mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that compounds 1–5 and 7–13 had no obvious cytotoxicity. In addition, the inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 7, 12, and 13 showed moderate inhibitory activity on NO production.

Background Circulating genetically abnormal cells (CACs) with specific chromosome variations have been confirmed to be present in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the diagnostic performance of CAC detection remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical application of the CAC test for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Methods In this prospective study, a total of 339 participants (261 lung cancer patients and 78 healthy volunteers) were enrolled. An antigen‐independent fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to enumerate the number of CACs in peripheral blood. Results Patients with early‐stage NSCLC were found to have a significantly higher number of CACs than those of healthy participants (1.34 vs. 0.19; P < 0.001). The CAC test displayed an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.76139 for discriminating stage I NSCLC from healthy participants with 67.2% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity, respectively. Compared with serum tumor markers, the sensitivity of CAC assays for distinguishing early‐stage NSCLC was higher (67.2% vs. 48.7%, P < 0.001), especially in NSCLC patients with small nodules (65.4% vs. 36.5%, P = 0.003) and ground‐glass nodules (pure GGNs: 66.7% vs. 40.9%, P = 0.003; mixed GGNs: 73.0% vs. 43.2%, P < 0.001). Conclusions CAC detection in early stage NSCLC was feasible. Our study showed that CACs could be used as a promising noninvasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Key points What this study adds: This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical application of the CAC test for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Significant findings of the study: CAC detection in early stage NSCLC was feasible. Our study showed that CACs could be used as a promising noninvasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Workflow of circulating genetically abnormal cells enumeration. Circulating genetically abnormal cell detection in early stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer was feasible. Circulating genetically abnormal cell test has good stability and adaptability for different patient populations. Circulating genetically abnormal cells could be used as a promising noninvasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.