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Thus far, despite the development of electric field sensors (EFSs) such as field mills, optoelectronic EFSs and microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based EFSs, no sensor can accurately measure an electric field in space due to the existence of space charge and the influence of charge attachment. To measure a spatial synthetic electric field in an ion flow field, a double potential independent differential EFS based on MEMS is proposed. Compared with other EFSs, this method has the advantages of independent potential (without grounding) and the ability to support the measurement of the synthetic ion flow electric field in space. First, to analyse the charge distribution after the sensor is involved exposed to an electric field, a simulation model was constructed. Then, given the redistribution of the spatial electric field in space and the influence of the surface charge on the sensor, the quantitative relationship between the electric field to be measured and that measured by the proposed sensor was obtained. To improve the performance of the EFS, a set of synthetic field strength sensor calibration systems that consider spatial ion flow injection was established. Furthermore, the parameter λ, which is related to the relative position of the differential chips, was determined. Finally, a series of comparative experiments indicated that the differential EFS highlighted in the present study exhibits good linearity and accuracy.

Cell–substrate interaction is important in tissue engineering. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured on the microgrooved surface of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) showed a distinctive polarized morphology and a high expression level of let-7a compared with the flat substrates. LIMK2, a crucial regulator of actin dynamics, was identified as a new target of let-7a. F-Actin content on flat substrates was significantly higher than that on microgrooved ones. Either overexpression of let-7a on flat substrates or inhibited expression on microgrooved substrates can rescue the difference. In accord with actin dynamics, the expressions of contractile smooth muscle markers, such as SM22 and SMA, decreased in VSMCs cultured on microgrooved substrates compared to those on flat ones, though PHBHHx can induce the synthetic-to-contractile phenotype shift. These results indicate that microgrooved PHBHHx could enhance actin dynamics of VSMCs through let-7a-involved regulation and trigger a synthetic shift.

Thermal infrared detection is widely used in many scenarios including fast body temperature monitoring, safety monitoring and autopilot, however, its safety research has not attracted sufficient attention. We proposed the adversarial clothing to test the safety of infrared detection, which could hide from infrared detectors in the real world. The adversarial clothing uses flexible carbon fiber heaters as the basic elements. We optimized the patterns formed by different heaters based on the adversarial example technique. The optimized pattern lowered the average precision (AP) of YOLOv3 by 66.33%, while the random pattern lowered the AP by only 31.33% in the digital world. We then manufactured the adversarial clothing and tested the safety of infrared detectors in the physical world. The adversarial clothing lowered the AP of YOLOv3 by 43.95%, while the clothing with randomly placed heaters lowered the AP of YOLOv3 by only 19.21%. With ensemble attack techniques, our attack method had good transferability to unseen CNN models. We tested five typical defense methods but achieved limited success. These results indicate that current thermal infrared detectors are not robust.

Due to the flowability of benzocyclobutene (BCB) and the unavoidable shear components of the bonding force applied by bonding facilities, it is quite challenging to achieve void-free BCB adhesive bonding with simultaneous high post-bonding alignment accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper reports a compensation method for alignment errors to achieve simultaneous void-free and accurate wafer bonding using soft-baked BCB. By characterizing the wafer shift induced bonding force, it is found that the wafer shift is a systematic error associate with the bonders but independent of the wafers. Upon this investigation, a compensation method presetting a pre-bonding alignment shift opposite to the post-bonding shift is proposed to compensate the bonding induced wafer shift. Using this method, void-free bonding with soft-baked BCB has been achieved, and the alignment errors are improved significantly from around 35–40 μm to around 3 μm. Test results show that the average bonding strength of soft-baked BCB is about 26.4 % higher than that of partially-cured BCB. The preliminary results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed compensation method, which has potential to improve the alignment accuracy of BCB bonding for three-dimensional integration, MEMS, and microsensors.

Measuring electric field has a very wide range of applications in the power system, but for the ion field under the HVDC transmission lines, the current measurements are insufficient. In this paper, effects of interventional measurement, theoretical analysis, measuring programs are researched. Sensors in a Poisson field sense an electric field Ein, which consists of three parts. E0 is the origin electric field, E1 indicates the field generated by charges attached on the sensor, E2 represents the influence of the redistribution of ion flow after the sensor is put into the field. Based on multi-physics simulation, this paper figures out the effects of sensor's intervention through analysing the movement of charged particles and found that when the charging process is completed, there is a spherical region around the sensor where the charge density is zero, which is called the \"empty zone\". This paper figures out the relationship between inside field and outside field. The electric field directly measured by the sensor kernel module can be approximately regarded as the sum of the space field which we aim to measure and the self-generated electric field of the charge accumulated on the metal shell of sensor's shell. A structure of two-MEMS-device is promoted to deal with the effect of the ion flow, and it could applied in the ion field or nominal electric field without ion flow and ignore the angular offsets of placing, according to the simulations.

Thermal infrared detection systems play an important role in many areas such as night security, autonomous driving, and body temperature detection. They have the unique advantages of passive imaging, temperature sensitivity and penetration. But the security of these systems themselves has not been fully explored, which poses risks in applying these systems. We propose a physical attack method with small bulbs on a board against the state of-the-art pedestrian detectors. Our goal is to make infrared pedestrian detectors unable to detect real-world pedestrians. Towards this goal, we first showed that it is possible to use two kinds of patches to attack the infrared pedestrian detector based on YOLOv3. The average precision (AP) dropped by 64.12% in the digital world, while a blank board with the same size caused the AP to drop by 29.69% only. After that, we designed and manufactured a physical board and successfully attacked YOLOv3 in the real world. In recorded videos, the physical board caused AP of the target detector to drop by 34.48%, while a blank board with the same size caused the AP to drop by 14.91% only. With the ensemble attack techniques, the designed physical board had good transferability to unseen detectors. We also proposed the first physical multispectral (infrared and visible) attack. By using a combination method, we successfully hide from the visible light and infrared object detection systems at the same time.

Purpose Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common malignant tumor among women, characterized by high incidence rates and mortality rates. Oxidative stress and immunity, particularly in relation to mitochondria, have emerged as pivotal factors in breast carcinogenesis. Nonetheless, limited research has explored the specific contribution of mitochondrial oxidative stress to the prognosis of BRCA. Method In this study, we conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to pinpoint independent prognostic genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOSRGs) and their correlation with BRCA clinical outcomes. Subsequently, we developed a robust and accurate MOS scoring system for BRCA patients based on these identified independent prognostic MOSRGs. Result Our findings were further substantiated by immune infiltration and somatic mutation analyses, providing additional evidence that the MOS scoring system holds predictive value for clinical outcomes in patients and correlates directly with three subtypes of BRCA. In vitro experiments in the MCF7 cell and breast tissue further verified the mRNA and protein expression level of independent prognostic genes, validating the consistency of the MOS prognostic signatures in BRCA. Conclusion This research has unveiled a novel prognostic scoring system, providing valuable insights for improving patient prognosis assessment and developing individualized treatment strategies in BRCA patients.

Background Urinary pan-cancer system is a general term for tumors of the urinary system including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), prostate cancer (PRAD), and bladder cancer (BLCA). Their location, physiological functions, and metabolism are closely related, making the occurrence and outcome of these tumors highly similar. Cuproptosis is a new type of cell death that is different from apoptosis and plays an essential role in tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to study the molecular mechanism of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs to urinary system pan-cancer for the prognosis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tumors. Method In our study, we identified 35 co-expression cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRLs) from the urinary pan-cancer system. 28 CRLs were identified as prognostic-related CRLs by univariate Cox regression analysis. Then 12 CRLs were obtained using lasso regression and multivariate cox analysis to construct a prognostic model. We divided patients into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk scores. Next, Kaplan–Meier analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), functional rich annotations, and nomogram were used to compare the differences between the high- and low-risk groups. Finally, the prediction of tumor immune dysfunction and rejection, gene mutation, and drug sensitivity were discussed. Conclusion Finally, the candidate molecules of the urinary system pan-cancer were identified. This CRLs risk model may be promising for clinical prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy response in urinary system pan-cancer patients.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year worldwide. Therefore, an urgent and challenging task is to identify potential biomarkers for cervical cancer. This study aims to identify the hub genes based on the GEO database and then validate their prognostic values in cervical cancer by multiple databases. By analysis, we obtained 83 co-expressed differential genes from the GEO database ( GSE63514 , GSE67522 and GSE39001 ). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these 83 co-expressed it mainly involved differential genes in DNA replication, cell division, cell cycle, etc.. The PPI network was constructed and top 10 genes with protein-protein interaction were selected. Then, we validated ten genes using some databases such as TCGA, GTEx and oncomine. Survival analysis demonstrated significant differences in CDC45, RFC4, TOP2A. Differential expression analysis showed that these genes were highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis indicated that CDC45 and clinical stage IV were independent prognostic factors for cervical cancer. In addition, the HPA database validated the protein expression level of CDC45 in cervical cancer. Further studies investigated the relationship between CDC45 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells via CIBERSORT. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed CDC45 related genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle, chromosome, catalytic activity acting on DNA, etc. These results suggested CDC45 may be a potential biomarker associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer.

In order to study the outdoor thermal comfort during the transition season in Hefei, a university in Hefei adopted a combination of field environmental measurements and questionnaires to study the changes in thermal sensation and thermal comfort of outdoor people before and after the transition season. The rankings of the effects of temperature, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation on human thermal comfort were obtained through surveys, and the proportion of each parameter’s influence on human thermal comfort was analyzed. The relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort was analyzed, and the application was established through regression analysis Prediction model of thermal sensation in autumn and winter outdoor environment in Hefei area.