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Tanzania is one of the most aid dependent countries in Africa. Historically, however, Tanzania has been associated with a high degree of independence in policy making including its foreign policy. Development cooperation in Tanzania goes back to the early 1960s and since then its relationship with the donors and the development effectiveness of aid have been evolving over time. Following the economic crisis of the late 1970s and early 1980s, Tanzania adopted a structural adjustment programme in 1986 under the supervision of the international financial institutions. The first phase of reforms, as elaborated in the Economic Recovery Programme (1986-89), was

This book looks at firms which have developed export trade in Sub-Saharan economies, and how they have sustained their competitiveness in the face of rapid technological change in the international economy

Examines the experience of 55 exporting firms from six countries; whether these firms have been maintaining or losing competitiveness in international and/or regional markets. Published in association with the UN University Press. Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Nigeria, Kenya, Ivory Coast, and Mauritius.

AFRICA IS A REGION OF GREAT DIVERSITY IN TERMS OF GEOGRAPHICAL SIZE, POPULATION, INCOME PER CAPITA, RESOURCE ENDOWMENT, HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, SOCIOPOLITICAL FABRIC, CLIMATE AND TOPOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES. THIS CHARACTERISTIC MAKES IT ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO ADDRESS ISSUES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITHOUT RISKING OVER-GENERALISATION. THIS PAPER TAKES THAT RISK, AND LOOKS INTO THE MAJOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN AFRICA WITH A VIEW TO THROWING SOME LIGHT ON THE LESSONS THAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA IN THE PAST TWO DECADES AND THE IMPLICATION OF THIS EXPERIENCE ON THE CHOICE OF STRATEGY IN THIS REGION. IN SECTION 1 THE AFRICAN REGION IS EXAMINED IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY WITH A VIEW TO INDICATING THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNATIONAL FACTORS ON THE AFRICAN ECONOMY IN ABSOLUTE TERMS AND RELATIVE TO OTHER REGIONS. SECTION 2 LOOKS AT THE AFRICAN ECONOMY IN TERMS OF THE DOMESTIC CATEGORIES LIKE ECONOMIC GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INVESTMENT, GOVERNMENT FINANCE AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY. THESE CATEGORIES ARE USED AS AS PARTIAL INDICATORS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE AFRICAN ECONOMY IN THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF THE PAST TWO DECADES. SECTION 3 EXAMINES THE STRATEGIES WHICH HAVE BEEN FOLLOWED AND THE POLICIES WHICH HAVE BEEN PURSUED IN AFRICA IN AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.