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"Ward, John L"
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Culture in Family-Owned Enterprises: Recognizing and Leveraging Unique Strengths
Through years of consulting experience and culture research, a fuller picture of family firms began to emerge. It became increasingly clear that family business sustainability and accomplishment were rooted in something deeper, something beyond superficial explanation. Belief in the innate value and uniqueness of family business culture drove collaboration on this project between the disciplines of family business and organizational behavior. The goal was to critically examine family business culture and performance relative to nonfamily firms. The Denison Organizational Culture Survey, a cultural assessment tool that has linked corporate culture to financial performance, was administered to a sample of 20 family businesses and 389 nonfamily businesses, allowing us to compare their cultures. The results showed that the corporate cultures of family enterprises were more positive than the culture of firms without a family affiliation. Family enterprises scored higher on all 12 dimensions of the assessment tool. Despite the small sample, several of these differences were statistically significant. This suggests that family firms perform better because of who they are. In addition, recent research that shows they also perform better because of what they do strategically. Their histories and shared identities provide a connectedness to time-tested core values and standards of behavior that lead to bottom-line success.
Journal Article
How Family Values and Vision Drive Business Strategy and Continuity/Cómo los valores y la visión de las familias dirigen la estrategia y la continuidad de la empresa
This article examines (1) how business families' core beliefs and values, mediated by their visions for ownership-leadership, influence their strategy-planning and (2) how \"Enterprising Families\" promote business continuity by placing the needs of the family before those of the firm. The article concludes that business families who understand the relationships among values, strategy, ownership-leadership vision, and the prioritization of family needs are more likely to enjoy sustained business performance and family unity. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
An In-Depth Look at the Life-Health Insurance Industry: Past, Present and Future
This article provides an in-depth analysis of financial trends in the life-health insurance industry from 1988 through 1992. It discusses key issues facing the industry and provides a summary of the recently implemented minimum capital standard. This landmark regulation will have a significant impact on the financial stability of the industry in the future. The article also discusses the role of rating agencies and summarizes the approach used by five of the major rating agencies. It closes by discussing the outlook for the industry.
Journal Article
Disguised Symbolism as Enactive Symbolism in Van Eyck's Paintings
In addition to making use of easily recognized symbols, in six of his most important paintings Van Eyck devised symbols to be discovered only during the process of prolonged meditation, with the intention of stimulating an experience of mystic revelation. This symbolism was conceived primarily in terms of visual interactions that provide the means for its disguise and, paradoxically, offer the best proof of its presence through the coherence and expressive power they contribute. The argument is made that in six of Van Eyck's most important pictures certain configurations compel the viewer who notices them to regard them either as deliberately expressive symbolic interactions or else as the unintended result of garbled pictorial structure. The consistency of form, effect, and concept strongly argues for the first view. In the second part of this article, the symbolism in three of Van Eyck's paintings--the \"Virgin in the Church\", the \"Virgin with the Chancellor Rolin\" and the \"Virgin with Canon van der Paele\"--is examined in greater detail. The ideas are the familiar ones of Christian redemption and rebirth, and they rely on familiar imagery. But the imagery's symbolism is enhanced by an interplay of forms that seems to animate the picture in the process of being recognized as significant--as if the picture acted out its message, passing from an inert state to that of a vision, alive with meaning, and through this stirring of inner life, affirming the promise of rebirth in Paradise.
Journal Article
Characteristics of Share-Gaining Marketing Strategies for Smaller-Share Firms: Literature Review and Synthesis
According to the literature, a successful share-gaining marketing strategy for a smaller-share firm is one which does not directly attack a large competitor, or does so only if the large competitor is vulnerable in some important way. If this necessary condition is satisfied, in order for the smaller-share firm's marketing strategy to be successful it must also (1) neutralize the competition's ability to respond quickly, (2) achieve a significant product/service difference, and (3) use a distribution strategy that will provide it with longer term protection against competitive retaliation.
Journal Article