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The transition from high school to university life is a critical time for change, often accompanied by the adoption of negative lifestyle habits including unhealthy nutrition. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to identify sex-specific changes in dietary intake and diet quality, and associated changes in body weight and composition during first-year university. Three-hundred and one students (n = 229 females) completed food frequency questionnaires, and had their body weight, body composition, waist and hip circumference measured at the beginning and end of first-year university. Repeated-measures ANOVAs with covariate adjustments were used with variables for sex (between group) and time (within group) to assess these changes. Students gained body weight and fat during the year (p<0.001). Body mass Index (BMI) also significantly increased (p = 0.032). Males gained more weight (Male:3.8 kg; Female:1.8 kg), fat mass (Male:2.7 kg; Female:1.5 kg), lean mass (Male:1.1 kg; Female:0.3 kg) and BMI (Male:1.2 kg/m2; Female:0.7 kg/m2; p≤0.001 for interactions), and had greater increases in waist circumference (Male:2.7 cm; Female:1.1 cm) and waist:hip ratio (Male:0.02; Female:0.004; p<0.05 for interactions) than females. Energy intake remained the same over the year in both sexes, accompanied by an increase in alcohol (ethanol) in both sexes but more so in males than females (p = 0.011 interaction). Diet quality decreased, characterized by a reduced intake of healthy foods/beverages (p<0.05) in both sexes such as yogurt, cheese, oatmeal, breads, rice, pasta, vegetables, green salad, fruits, steak, fish, nuts and milk, and an increased consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages (p<0.05) such as donuts/cakes, fried chicken, beer and liquor. Significant interactions between sexes indicated that males displayed a more adverse and lower quality eating pattern which included greater intakes of donuts/cakes, fried chicken, beer and liquor, as well as decreased intakes of eggs and vegetables compared to females. Lastly, some dietary intake changes significantly correlated with fat mass and waist circumference change indicating that poor dietary choices were associated with increased adiposity. Our study demonstrated that during first-year university, both male and female students undergo unfavorable changes in nutrition and body weight/composition that significantly differ between sexes, with males showing more adverse changes. Our results can be used to inform effective sex-specific strategies and interventions to improve dietary habits during the transition to university life.

In postmenopausal women, reduced bone mineral density at the hip and spine is associated with an increased risk of tooth loss, possibly due to a loss of alveolar bone. In turn, having fewer natural teeth may lead to compromised food choices resulting in a poor diet that can contribute to chronic disease risk. The tight link between alveolar bone preservation, tooth retention, better nutritional status, and reduced risk of developing a chronic disease begins with the mitigation of postmenopausal bone loss. The ovariectomized rat, a widely used preclinical model for studying postmenopausal bone loss that mimics deterioration of bone tissue in the hip and spine, can also be used to study mineral and structural changes in alveolar bone to develop drug and/or dietary strategies aimed at tooth retention. This review discusses key findings from studies investigating mandible health and alveolar bone in the ovariectomized rat model. Considerations to maximize the benefits of this model are also included. These include the measurement techniques used, the age at ovariectomy, the duration that a rat is studied after ovariectomy and habitual diet consumed.

Mentoring has a long tradition in academic health centers, and from an institutional perspective can positively impact retention, wellness, promotion success, work satisfaction, and more. On the individual level, mentorship can provide professional growth and personal satisfaction for both participants. However, mentors may struggle with how to build their mentorship skills, navigating challenges with mentees over time, or if/how/when to conclude a mentor–mentee relationship. Mentees may not understand how to find a mentor, what the nature of that relationship is, or what their role is (what characterizes a “good” mentee). As important as mentorship is, it can be challenging for both to find and maintain a high-quality mentor–mentee relationship. This article reviews the qualities that are most critical in developing a successful mentoring relationship, the longitudinal nature of this relationship, common problems that arise, and the potential rewards that exist for each person involved in the relationship.

Chronic low-grade inflammation has been identified as an underlying cause of many diseases including osteoporosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent inducer of the inflammatory response that can negatively affect bone outcomes by upregulating bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation. The objective of this study was to assess the longitudinal response of trabecular and cortical bone structure and bone mineral density to LPS continuously administered for 12 weeks in male and female CD-1 mice. Mice were assigned to one of four LPS groups at 8-weeks of age: placebo (0.0 μg/d), low (0.9 μg/d), mid (3.6 μg/d) and high (14.4 μg/d) dose. Trabecular and cortical bone outcomes were measured at 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age using in vivo micro-computed tomography. The anticipated serum LPS dose-dependent response was not observed. Therefore, the low, mid, and high LPS groups were combined for analysis. Compared to the placebo group, endpoint serum LPS was elevated in both males ( p < 0.05) and females ( p < 0.05) when all LPS treatment groups were combined. However, there was no significant change in trabecular or cortical bone outcomes in the combined LPS groups compared to the placebo following the 12-week LPS intervention for either sex. This suggests that although serum LPS was elevated following the 12-week LPS intervention, the dosages administered using the osmotic pumps was not sufficient to negatively impact trabecular or cortical bone outcomes in either male or female CD-1 mice.

Introduction The acute exercise effects on bone markers in adults are unclear, while in children, there are no such data. Purpose To investigate the acute response of biochemical markers of bone turnover to a high-impact exercise session consisting of high-mechanical loading in boys and young men. Methods Twelve boys (10.2 ± 0.4 years) and 14 men (22.0 ± 0.8 years) underwent a protocol of plyometric jumping exercises (total 144 jumps). Venous blood samples were collected pre-, 5 min, 1 and 24 h post-exercise, and analyzed for markers of bone formation and resorption: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), amino-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (NTx), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL). Results Boys had higher resting bone ALP (111.9 ± 29.2 vs. 30.6 ± 11.2 µg/L, p  < 0.05) and NTx levels (49.8 ± 13.2 vs. 21.7 ± 5.9 nM BCE, p  < 0.05) than men but no group differences were observed in resting OPG or RANKL. Following exercise (24 h), bone ALP and NTx increased in both boys and men (bone ALP: 24.1 vs. 9.9 %, respectively; NTx: 23.5 vs. −5 %, respectively), although the group-by-time interaction was not statistically significant. OPG increased significantly ( p  < 0.05) in both groups (5.7 and 16.1 %, respectively). Conclusion Even one session of plyometric exercises appear to stimulate bone formation in boys and men, as reflected by the increase in bone ALP and OPG. The boys’ response appears more pronounced than the men’s, suggesting that during growth, cellular bone activities respond with greater magnitude to mechanical stimuli.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to comorbidities such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and type II diabetes. Currently, there is a lack of mouse models that mimic sporadic AD (sAD) which accounts for ∼95% of AD cases. A new humanized mouse model (hAb) was developed by substituting 3 amino acids in the amyloid beta sequence to the human counterpart. These mice develop an age-dependent sAD like pathology. This study characterized age-related changes in body composition, energy expenditure (EE), movement, bone health, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity prior to the development of sAD in the hAb mice. Wild type (WT) and hAb mice (n =10 per group) were characterized from 4 to 16 months of age. At the age of 4 months, and repeated every two months, body mass, whole body lean and fat mass, and the bone mineral density (BMD) of whole body, tibia, femur, and lumbar vertebrae 1-5 were measured using dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA). Glucose and insulin tolerance testing (GTT & ITT) were also performed. EE and movement were measured using metabolic caging, and novel object recognition (NORT) and location (NOLT) testing were performed at age 4 and 16 months. The hAb mice significantly gained more weight and fat compared to WT throughout aging. They also had significantly lower percentage of lean mass and faster rates of lean mass decline throughout aging compared to the WT mice. EE and movement were also lower in the hAb mice. No genotype effects were seen in whole body and regional BMD or the area under the curve for GTT and ITT. The hAb mice spent less time with the novel object in the NORT and NOLT, however this result was not significant. The increased fat, and decreased percentage of lean mass along with reduced movement and energy expenditure in the hAb mice may indicate metabolic dysfunction which may precede sAD development. Future steps include increasing the sample size and investigating sex differences between the hAb female and male mice to determine any sex specific changes.

Burnout has been identified as widely prevalent in physicians and other health professions. However, relatively little has been written about burnout in psychologists. The current study reviews the literature investigating professional wellness, sources of stress, and burnout in practicing psychologists. Based on a survey of members of the Association for Psychologists in Academic Health Centers’ ( n  = 93), stress levels, burnout, and work satisfaction in health service psychologists in academic health centers (AHCs) were examined. Respondents indicated some level of burnout ranging from having no symptoms (8%) to being occasionally stressed (59%), symptoms won’t go away (12%), definitely burning out (18%), or being completely burned out (3%). Most respondents described working at high levels, including “at full capacity” (41%) or being “over-extended” (39%). Despite these concerns, most respondents indicated satisfaction with their positions (42% “very satisfied,” 44% “somewhat satisfied”) and recommended careers as psychologists in medical settings (50% strongly; 34% moderately). Most commonly perceived sources of stress included clinical load, salary, insufficient protected time for research, teaching, education, and supervision, insufficient psychologists to meet the need, and non-billable clinical activities. Consistent with the physician literature, workload was associated with burnout and burnout was associated with decreased professional satisfaction. The current study narrows the gap in the literature on the stress psychologists experience in AHCs and explores findings within the broader literature about health professional burnout. Greater understanding is needed about factors that affect burnout in health service psychologists, identification and modification of risk factors, and prevention strategies.

Potential health benefits of tea consumption are often attributed to the antioxidant activity of polyphenols. Whether steep time, often variable in a real-life situation, makes a biological difference in terms of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity is uncertain. The study objective was to characterize eight popular and commercially available teas for total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity in relation to steep time. Dragonwell (DW), Sencha (S), English Breakfast (EB), Golden Monkey (GM), Green Rooibos (GR), Red Rooibos (RR), Chamomile (C), and Peppermint (P) loose leaf teas were individually steeped in water for 1–10 min at 1 min intervals. TPC increased with longer durations of steep time; however, the majority of polyphenols observed after 10 minutes were extracted in the first 5 min regardless of tea type. After 5 min of steeping, differences (p < 0.05) in TPC were observed across teas (JS~EB~P > DW > GM~GR~RR > C). Different teas also varied in their ability to inhibit the free radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) when normalized for polyphenol concentration (1 µg/mL) and there was no effect due to steep time. Predicted antioxidant capacity of teas also demonstrated significant differences among teas after 5 and 10 min. In conclusion, steep time modulates TPC but not the antioxidative capacity of tea polyphenols.

Interprofessional Education (IPE) is intended to prepare health professionals for teambased care. Little is known about IPE offerings for psychology trainees. The article reports on a survey of training directors (263) from graduate school, internship, and fellowship programs about IPE in a 39-item survey. Most programs have IPE activities across 17 types (e.g., classroom didactics, IP team care, Grand Rounds, simulations, etc.), though 34% reported no or poorly coordinated IPE. Barriers included limited funding/protected time and conflicting student schedules. Resources needed for implementing IPE included incorporating IPE into clinical settings, curricular materials, and evaluation tools. Only 15% felt institutional leadership considered IPE a high priority. Training directors need leadership engagement and support, protected time, and administrative support as well as faculty development for event design and facilitation skills. This study is an exploratory first step, more granular investigation of quality and quantity of IPE from training directors’ perspectives is needed.

Globally, traditional and herbal teas are a prominent dietary source of polyphenols, and represent a class of bioactive molecules that are closely associated with a variety of health benefits. Most consumers prepare tea using tea bags, although there is little information about whether this production step alters the content of the final product. The study purpose was to investigate the effect of steep time and tea type on the polyphenol content and predicted antioxidant capacity of commercially available tea bag products, including Green, Orange Pekoe, Red Roiboos, Peppermint, and Chamomile. Total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibition), and total predicted antioxidant capacity were measured in aliquots sampled every minute for 10 min. Polyphenols were extracted into solution in a nonlinear fashion, with ~80–90% of the TPC appearing within 5 min of tea bag immersion. Moreover, a significant range in TPC values was observed between products, with true teas containing at least two-fold greater polyphenol content than the herbal varieties. Our results are consistent with previous work using loose-leaf tea products and demonstrates that tea bag products are an effective source of polyphenols that may offer health benefits relating to their constituent antioxidant activity.