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"Warner, Michael"
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Convergent eusocial evolution is based on a shared reproductive groundplan plus lineage-specific plastic genes
Eusociality has convergently evolved multiple times, but the genomic basis of caste-based division of labor and degree to which independent origins of eusociality have utilized common genes remain largely unknown. Here we characterize caste-specific transcriptomic profiles across development and adult body segments from pharaoh ants (
Monomorium pharaonis
) and honey bees (
Apis mellifera
), representing two independent origins of eusociality. We identify a substantial shared core of genes upregulated in the abdomens of queen ants and honey bees that also tends to be upregulated in mated female flies, suggesting that these genes are part of a conserved insect reproductive groundplan. Outside of this shared groundplan, few genes are differentially expressed in common. Instead, the majority of the thousands of caste-associated genes are plastically expressed, rapidly evolving, and relatively evolutionarily young. These results emphasize that the recruitment of both highly conserved and lineage-specific genes underlie the convergent evolution of novel traits such as eusociality.
Eusocial caste systems have evolved independently multiple times. Here, Warner et al. investigate the amount of shared vs. lineage-specific genes involved in the evolution of caste in pharaoh ants and honey bees by comparing transcriptomes across tissues, developmental stages, and castes.
Journal Article
Animal jokes
\"Why won't Wonder Woman's worst enemy fight fair? Because she's a Cheetah! With 75+ ANIMAL jokes featuring Batman, Superman, and Wonder Woman, readers will go wild for this official DC Comics joke book! Full-color art and enhanced back matter make this a surefire hit for fanboys and fangirls alike\"--Page [4] of cover.
Book
Snowbound mystery
A family, snowbound in a vacation cabin, discovers adventure in surrounding wild life, three children they find in the snow, and a search for a lost recipe.
Book
Changes in Winter Atmospheric Rivers along the North American West Coast in CMIP5 Climate Models
Most extreme precipitation events that occur along the North American west coast are associated with winter atmospheric river (AR) events. Global climate models have sufficient resolution to simulate synoptic features associated with AR events, such as high values of vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) approaching the coast. From phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), 10 simulations are used to identify changes in ARs impacting the west coast of North America between historical (1970–99) and end-of-century (2070–99) runs, using representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. The most extreme ARs are identified in both time periods by the 99th percentile of IVT days along a north–south transect offshore of the coast. Integrated water vapor (IWV) and IVT are predicted to increase, while lower-tropospheric winds change little. Winter mean precipitation along the west coast increases by 11%–18% [from 4% to 6% (°C)−1], while precipitation on extreme IVT days increases by 15%–39% [from 5% to 19% (°C)−1]. The frequency of IVT days above the historical 99th percentile threshold increases as much as 290% by the end of this century.
Journal Article
تنويعات العلمانية في عصر العلماني
يقدم هذا الكتاب مجموعة من العلماء ينتمون إلى مجالات مختلفة ولهم تحليلاتهم الخاصة لعمل تايلور من خلال مجموعة من الدراسات التي تم جمعها تحدد المجموعة الأولى من الدراسات صلة تايلور بالتقاليد الفكرية كمقارنته بمنظرين إجتماعيين في فترة ما بعد الحرب، وأما المجموعة الثانية فقد اعتبرت كتاب تايلور استفزازي فكانت قراءات مؤلفيها نقدية وكانت ردودا على عصر العلماني بصورة أساسية، وأما المجموعة الآخيرة من فهي تحليل للعلماني في ظل الظروف العالمية وكانت تقييما لكتاب تايلور من وجهة نظر الكيفية.
Book
Transcriptomic basis and evolution of the ant nurse-larval social interactome
Development is often strongly regulated by interactions among close relatives, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In eusocial insects, interactions between caregiving worker nurses and larvae regulate larval development and resultant adult phenotypes. Here, we begin to characterize the social interactome regulating ant larval development by collecting and sequencing the transcriptomes of interacting nurses and larvae across time. We find that the majority of nurse and larval transcriptomes exhibit parallel expression dynamics across larval development. We leverage this widespread nurse-larva gene co-expression to infer putative social gene regulatory networks acting between nurses and larvae. Genes with the strongest inferred social effects tend to be peripheral elements of within-tissue regulatory networks and are often known to encode secreted proteins. This includes interesting candidates such as the nurse-expressed giant-lens, which may influence larval epidermal growth factor signaling, a pathway known to influence various aspects of insect development. Finally, we find that genes with the strongest signatures of social regulation tend to experience relaxed selective constraint and are evolutionarily young. Overall, our study provides a first glimpse into the molecular and evolutionary features of the social mechanisms that regulate all aspects of social life.
Journal Article
The haunted cabin mystery
\"Henry, Jesse, Violet, and Benny Alden take a trip down the Mississippi River and stay in a haunted cabin! At least it seems haunted--there are spooky phone calls, flickering lights, and strange shadows. Is there a ghost in the cabin? Join the Boxcar Children in their graphic novel adventure as they solve the mystery of the haunted cabin!\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Genomic Signature of Kin Selection in an Ant with Obligately Sterile Workers
Kin selection is thought to drive the evolution of cooperation and conflict, but the specific genes and genome-wide patterns shaped by kin selection are unknown. We identified thousands of genes associated with the sterile ant worker caste, the archetype of an altruistic phenotype shaped by kin selection, and then used population and comparative genomic approaches to study patterns of molecular evolution at these genes. Consistent with population genetic theoretical predictions, worker-upregulated genes experienced reduced selection compared with genes upregulated in reproductive castes. Worker-upregulated genes included more taxonomically restricted genes, indicating that the worker caste has recruited more novel genes, yet these genes also experienced reduced selection. Our study identifies a putative genomic signature of kin selection and helps to integrate emerging sociogenomic data with longstanding social evolution theory.
Journal Article