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"Warr, Peter"
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Work Orientations, Well-Being and Job Content of Self-Employed and Employed Professionals
Drawing on psychology-derived theories and methods, a questionnaire survey compared principal kinds of work orientation, job content and mental well-being between self-employed and organisationally employed professional workers. Self-employment was found to be particularly associated with energised well-being in the form of job engagement. The presence in self-employment of greater challenge, such as an enhanced requirement for personal innovation, accounted statistically for self-employed professionals’ greater job engagement, and self-employed professionals more strongly valued personal challenge than did professionals employed in an organisation. However, no between-role differences occurred in respect of supportive job features such as having a comfortable workplace. Differences in well-being, job content and work orientations were found primarily in comparison between self-employees and organisational non-managers. The study emphasises the need to distinguish conceptually and empirically between different forms of work orientation, job content and well-being, and points to the value of incorporating psychological thinking in some sociological research.
Journal Article
Sheffield in the Great War
This fascinating new book is devoted to an almost unknown period in the history of Sheffield.It sets the city's people and events against a background of key national developments by looking also at the way government regulations were tightened, how the country's morale was maintained, and how industry was encouraged to deliver more.
eBook
Organizational climate and company productivity: The role of employee affect and employee level
Consistent with a growing number of models about affect and behaviour and with a recognition that perception alone provides no impetus for action, it was predicted that associations between company climate and productivity would be mediated by average level of job satisfaction. In a study of 42 manufacturing companies, subsequent productivity was significantly correlated in controlled analyses with eight aspects of organizational climate (e.g. skill development and concern for employee welfare) and also with average job satisfaction. The mediation hypothesis was supported in hierarchical multiple regressions for separate aspects of climate. In addition, an overall analysis showed that company productivity was more strongly correlated with those aspects of climate that had stronger satisfaction loadings. A second prediction, that managers' perceptions of climate would be more closely linked to company productivity than would those of non‐managers, was not supported. However, managers' assessments of most aspects of their company's climate were significantly more positive than those of non‐managers.
Journal Article
Explaining Thailand’s Automotive Manufacturing Success
This paper argues that the success of Thailand’s export-oriented automotive industry was based on three factors: first, the substantial public investment in productivity-raising port facilities and related infrastructure in the 1990s that constituted the Eastern Seaboard economic corridor; second, exchange rate depreciation that accompanied the 1997–98 Asian Financial Crisis. Jointly, these two factors made manufacturing production for export more profitable. The third was a combination of two key policy changes adopted by the Thai government shortly after the Crisis and partly in response to it — removing restrictions on foreign ownership and abolition of local content requirements.
Journal Article
Fuentes de felicidad e infelicidad en el trabajo: una perspectiva combinada
Las perspectivas sobre las fuentes de felicidad e infelicidad (también conceptualizado como “bienestar”), se pueden distinguir en cuanto a su enfoque principal, ya que algunas centran su atención en el ambiente y otras en los pensamientos y sentimientos de los individuos. En este trabajo se analizarán por separado las características del entorno y los procesos mentales del individuo. En la última parte de este artículo se examinará el funcionamiento combinado de ambos enfoques, exponiendo cómo la felicidad puede depender tanto de las características laborales como personales. Finalmente, se presentan una serie de sugerencias para futuras investigaciones, entre las cuales se destaca la necesidad de distinguir entre las diferentes formas de felicidad e infelicidad, tanto a nivel conceptual como empírico, ya que cada una tiene sus propias causas y consecuencias.
Perspectives on the sources of happiness and unhappiness (sometimes viewed as “well-being”) may be distinguished in terms of their primary emphasis –either on features in the environment or on people's thoughts and feelings. This paper will separately cover environmental features and within-person mental processes. In a third section, we will present a combined perspective, exposing how happiness may be understood as a function of both job and personal characteristics. Finally, avenues for future research are suggested, emphasising the need to distinguish conceptually and empirically between different forms of happiness and unhappiness, given that each one has its own partly distinct sources and consequences.
Journal Article
Cambodia's Special Economic Zones
This study asks whether Cambodia's establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) since late 2005 has been successful, based on the evidence to date. SEZs have attracted significant levels of foreign investment into the country that would not have been present otherwise, creating around 68,000 jobs, with equal or better pay and better prospects than their alternatives. A significant feature of the Cambodian experience is that the government has left the establishment and management of the zones to private sector developers. The policy measures needed to enhance the international competitiveness of the zones are similar to those needed in the rest of the economy: infrastructure must be upgraded; trade facilitation needs to be improved; electricity supplies must be made more reliable; corruption reduced and rules of payment to government agencies clarified; and labour quality must be upgraded through investment in basic literacy and numeracy.
Journal Article
Perceived Meeting Effectiveness: The Role of Design Characteristics
Purpose The aim of this investigation was to test hypotheses about meeting design characteristics (punctuality, chairperson, etc.) in relation to attendees' perceptions of meeting effectiveness. Design/Methodology/Approach Two studies were conducted: Study 1 investigated meetings attended in a typical week (N = 958), whereas Study 2 examined the last meeting attended on a particular day (N = 292). Findings A number of design characteristics (in particular agenda use and quality of facilities) were found to be important in predicting perceived effectiveness. Attendee involvement served as a key mediator variable in the observed relationships. Neither meeting type nor size was found to affect the relationships of the design characteristics and involvement with effectiveness. Meeting size, however, was negatively related to attendee involvement. Implications The findings help us to better understand relationships between design characteristics and attendees' perceptions of meeting effectiveness. Meeting organizers can use the findings to guide administration of meetings, with potential to enhance the quality of meetings. Originality/Value Meetings are a common organizational activity but are rarely the focus of empirical research. The use of two complementary studies, to our knowledge, provides a unique account of the contribution of design characteristics to perceptions of meeting effectiveness.
Journal Article
