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New quality that has been delivered by the provisions of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679 is intended to secure a higher level of safety for personal data processing operations. The following elaboration was produced as an attempt to address the questions regarding practical methods of implementation for the indispensable mechanism of GDPR compliance. The guidelines contained in the article are supposed to be helpful in enhancing the safety level for processed personal data. Theoretical and legal studies over the status and functioning of the valid legislation with reference to the practical application of personal data processing procedures have been applied in the article. The main sources of knowledge included valid legal acts, opinions from Article 29 Working Party, technical norms as well as available general knowledge. The outcomes of the said studies indicated the complexity of the issue and established the necessity to continue further studies in practical implementation methods, such as the national and European mechanism of certification or sector codes of good practices.

The article is an attempt to draw attention to the intention of the Ministry of Family and Social Policy to shape its own legal policy with regard to the ability of the officials of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) to obtain information about individuals subject to official control. Within the proposed changes to Art. 61a of the Act of 25 June 1999 on cash benefits from social insurance in the event of sickness and maternity (Journal of Laws 1999, 60.636, as amended), the Ministry, not taking into account the requirement to ensure the existence of constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms, consciously shapes the law positive for full-range surveillance of every person covered by the interest of ZUS. In such circumstances, after adopting the amendments by the Polish Parliament (Sejm), ZUS will be included in the group of law enforcement authorities, as the scope of powers and possibilities its officials in the field have of obtaining information will be unlimited.

Cystic echinococcosis is considered as an emerging zoonosis that can develop asymptomatically for years, clinically nonpathognomic. The disease is of public health importance due to often late, difficult diagnostics, uncertain results of treatment, the need to remove hydatid cysts surgically in advanced cases, and poor prognosis in untreated patients. Six Polish female patients with diagnosed cystic echinococcosis (CE) were examined. DNA extracted from the liver and lung samples served for amplification of mitochondrial nad1 gene fragment. Sequence alignments of 5 isolates showed identity with the pig strain, Echinococcus canadensis G7. One case was in 100% identical with Echinococcus ortleppi G5, the cattle strain. These data demonstrate first report of E. ortleppi, regarded as extinct species, causing human cystic echinococcosis in Poland, where the most frequent causative agent of human CE is E. canadensis.

Introduction: An increase in the number of infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL+) is a clinical issue, because there are no guidelines regarding the correct choice of an antibiotic and duration of treatment in kidney transplant recipients. The bacterial capacity to degrade almost all β-lactam antibiotics, except carbapenems, causes resistance to standard treatment and makes long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy necessary.Case Presentation: This report describes the case of a 44-year-old patient after kidney transplantation, who developed recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae despite prolonged antibiotic targeted treatments with imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, imipenem/cilastatin with amikacin and oral phosphomycin for UTI prophylaxis. Ineffectiveness of previous treatments caused the necessity to use a non-standard therapy of the consecutive UTI episode with high doses of amoxicillin combined with standard doses of clavulanic acid to break the bacteria’s resistance. There was no recurrence of UTI and control urine cultures were sterile over the entire course of treatment, lasting 165 days, and throughout the follow-up period of more than 1 year.Conclusions: It has been shown in this case that UTI with the aetiology of K. pneumoniae could be treated on an outpatient basis with high doses of amoxicillin in combination with standard doses of clavulanic acid followed by prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis.

Psychosocial and behavioral variables play an important role in both the development and treatment of obesity. Therefore, in the process of qualifying the patient for bariatric surgery, it is necessary to professionally evaluate his/her psychological state. Such evaluation is very helpful in the identification of factors potentially disturbing the effectiveness of the treatment. Clinical interviews with a group of 80 patients were conducted by a psychologist in the pre- and post-surgical period. The qualitative analysis of the interviews led to the identification of the major elements which should become the object of psychological evaluation in the process of qualifying patients for bariatric surgery. Conducting a clinical interview comprising these elements allows one to evaluate their potential influence on the process of surgical treatment of obesity and to provide optimal psychological support for the patient before and after the surgery.

Electromobility is a key element of efforts to reduce transport emissions at points where transport tasks are carried out (e.g., along roads, in urban areas). At the same time, the implementation of electromobility, as a whole, encompasses the movement of people and cargo using electric vehicles (EVs), is strongly dependent on the deployment of EV charging points, which are part of the alternative fuel infrastructure. At the current stage of electromobility development, the process of deploying alternative fuel infrastructure along the TEN-T (Trans-European transport network) is underway, a process mandated by the AFIR (Regulation for the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure). The AFIR regulation assumes the construction of infrastructure adapted to serve low- and zero-emission vehicles along the TEN-T network. The elements of the infrastructure under construction include a recharging pool, a recharging station, a recharging point for electric vehicles (EVs), and hydrogen refueling stations for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). It should be noted that infrastructure elements must be adapted to support light-duty electric vehicles (eLDVs) and heavy-duty electric vehicles (eHDVs). This approach expands the possibilities of using electric vehicles in passenger and freight transport within the TEN-T network. The aim of this article is to estimate the impact of electric vehicle charging points on electromobility in a selected area. During the research phase, spatial interpolation of electric vehicle charging points was conducted using GIS tools. The spatial interpolation of electric vehicle charging points presented in the article represents an innovative approach at the stage of analysis and development of alternative fuel infrastructure along the TEN-T network.

Conjugated polymers are promising tools to differentiate various types of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs). However, their synthesis is challenging. Insufficient control over molecular weights, and unpredictive/unrepeatable batches hinder possible applications and scale-up. Furthermore, commercial homogeneous catalysts often require inert conditions and are almost impossible to recycle. To overcome these problems, we present a nanocatalyst consisting of magnetic nickel nanowires decorated with highly active palladium nanoparticles. A two-step wet chemical reduction protocol with the assistance of sonochemistry was employed to obtain a heterogeneous catalyst capable of conducting step-growth Suzuki polycondensation of a fluorene-based monomer. Additionally, we enhanced the performance of our catalytic system via controlled microwave irradiation, which significantly shortened the reaction time from 3 d to only 1 h. We studied the influence of the main process parameters on the yield and polymer chain length to gain insight into phenomena occurring in the presence of metallic species under microwave irradiation. Finally, the produced polymers were used to extract specific s-SWCNTs by conjugated polymer extraction to validate their utility.

Recent data regarding the comparison of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy and optimal medical treatment in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy has indicated no mortality benefit as a result of ICD therapy. Although the recommendations for ICD implantation did not change, it is worth noting that these findings significantly affected the daily practice of ICD implantation in Europe. To assess the effect of ICD implantation in comparison to pharmacotherapy in the non- -ischemic cardiomyopathy heart failure population through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available carefully designed prospective randomized controlled trials. Only prospective randomized controlled trials comparing ICD implantation in primary prevention vs. optimal pharmacological therapy or placebo and reporting mortality results were included in the meta-analysis. The authors have chosen to include the following trials: CAT, AMIOVIRT, DEFINITE, and DANISH. A meta-analysis of pooled hazard ratios (HR) from all trials conducted on a total of 1789 patients found that ICD therapy decreased all-cause mortality in comparison to optimal pharmacological treatment, with a HR of 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-1.01); p = 0.06. The data from the AMIOVIRT, DANISH, and DEFINITE trials, with a total of 1677 participants, showed a significant reduction of sudden cardiac deaths as a result of ICD implantation, with a HR of 0.48 (95% CI 0.31-0.67); p < 0.001. In comparison with optimal medical treatment, ICD implantation in patients with heart failure improves the long-term prognosis in terms of sudden cardiac death, with a strong tendency towards all-cause mortality reduction.

Despite tremendous scientific efforts aimed at glioblastoma’s (GB) ability to escape therapeutic attempts, the concern remains unsolved. Postbiotics, metabolites, and macromolecules of probiotic bacteria could become adjuvant therapeutics both dealing with cellular events constituting tumor therapy escape mechanisms and protecting normal cells from therapy-induced damage. The study aims to evaluate the dual potential of postbiotics obtained from lactic acid bacteria, L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus, on patient-derived and commercially available GB and normal cells alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic and irradiation oncotreatment regimens. Postbiotic mixtures (PMs) show cytoprotective potential against a new anti-cancer agent—ARA12—on astrocytes and cytoprotective action to irradiated normal fibroblast cells. Although GB cells’ apoptotic response varied between patient-derived cells, both PMs exert cytotoxic or cytostatic effects alone and, in most of the studied therapeutic combinations, on all tested GB cell lines. In particular, L. plantarum PM alleviates treatment escape, possibly shifting the tumor drug response from senescence to apoptosis. The results suggest that postbiotic-based adjunctive treatment could potentiate the therapeutic effect toward neoplastic cells, while alleviating chemotherapy’s adverse effects, helping clinicians to tackle the issue of therapy resistance and improve patients’ comfort.

During the initial months of calves’ lives, the young animals are exposed to bacterial and viral infections, and during this period, crucial physiological changes take place in their organisms. Offering calves feed additives that will have a beneficial influence on their organisms and improve their growth while reducing the morbidity rate is the optimal task of feeding. This is the first study to investigate the effect of experimental supplementation for calves with the combination of two feed additives—one containing Lentinula edodes enriched with selenium (Se), and the second containing pancreatic-like enzymes, fat-coated organic acids, sodium butyrate, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles—on the serum Se concentration, selected immune parameters, and the average daily gains in the calves. During the study, the serum Se concentration was examined by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the immunoglobulin and cytokine concentrations with ELISA assays. The white blood cell (WBC) count with leukocyte differentiation was examined with the use of a hematological analyzer, and the percentages of subpopulations of T lymphocytes and monocytes, phagocytic activity, and oxidative burst of monocytes and granulocytes with the use of a flow cytometer. The average daily gains of the calves were also evaluated. In summary, the supplementation of the experimental calves with the combination of two feed additives resulted in significantly higher serum Se concentrations, and the immune systems of the calves were not suppressed while the examined feed additives were being delivered. Although not statistically significant, some positive effects on the calves were seen: a tendency towards the improvement of some of the immune parameters evaluated, and a tendency for higher average daily gains in the calves.