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"Waters, Rod"
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Eric's big day : a bicycle race unlike any other
A little boy named Eric rides his bicycle through his village to join his friend Emily for a picnic. As Eric pedals from his house, his trip is slowed as he aids wayward bike riders using helpful items from his backpack. The faster he rides to meet Emily, the more delays he encounters, until he tears off in a burst of speed. The cheers of a crowd surprise Eric; he has won a bike race! But where oh where is Emily?
Book
Fishing: Top haul presents Cousins with title
Working with rod and centre pin reel and baiting with bloodworm he caught around 150 small roach, rudd and perch to make up his weight. Runner-up Glyn Reynolds, of Newport, was at the other end of the weed bed on peg 41 and had a mixture of roach and rudd for 3lb 15oz using a pole and baiting with bloodworm. Phil Thomas, of Risca, worked hard for the 4lb of small roach that put him in second place and Chris Hall, of Rhymney, was third with 3lb 10oz of roach.
Newspaper Article
Immune Activation and CD8+ T-Cell Differentiation towards Senescence in HIV-1 Infection
Progress in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic is hindered by our failure to elucidate the precise reasons for the onset of immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that elevated immune activation is associated with poor outcome in HIV-1 pathogenesis. However, the basis of this association remains unclear. Through ex vivo analysis of virus-specific CD8(+) T-cells and the use of an in vitro model of naïve CD8(+) T-cell priming, we show that the activation level and the differentiation state of T-cells are closely related. Acute HIV-1 infection induces massive activation of CD8(+) T-cells, affecting many cell populations, not only those specific for HIV-1, which results in further differentiation of these cells. HIV disease progression correlates with increased proportions of highly differentiated CD8(+) T-cells, which exhibit characteristics of replicative senescence and probably indicate a decline in T-cell competence of the infected person. The differentiation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cells towards a state of replicative senescence is a natural process. It can be driven by excessive levels of immune stimulation. This may be part of the mechanism through which HIV-1-mediated immune activation exhausts the capacity of the immune system.
Journal Article
A founder mutation in Vps37A causes autosomal recessive complex hereditary spastic paraparesis
BackgroundMembers of two seemingly unrelated kindreds of Arab Moslem origin presented with pronounced early onset spastic paraparesis of upper and lower limbs, mild intellectual disability, kyphosis, pectus carinatum and hypertrichosis.MethodsThe authors performed neurological and developmental examinations on the affected individuals. The authors conducted whole genome linkage and haplotype analyses, followed by sequencing of candidate genes; RNA and protein expression studies; and finally proof of principle investigations on knockdown morpholino oligonucleotide injected zebrafish.ResultsThe authors characterise a novel form of autosomal recessive complex hereditary spastic paraparesis (CHSP). MRI studies of brain and spinal cord were normal. Within a single significantly linked locus the authors ultimately identified a homozygous missense mutation c.1146A>T (p.K382N) in the vacuolar protein sorting 37A (Vps37A) gene, fully penetrant and segregating with the disease in both families. Mobility was significantly reduced in Vps37A knockdown morpholino oligonucleotide injected zebrafish, supporting the causal relationship between mutations in this gene and the phenotype described in the patients of this study.ConclusionsThe authors provide evidence for the involvement of Vps37A, a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system, in upper motor neuron disease. The ESCRT system has been shown to play a central role in intracellular trafficking, in the maturation of multivesicular bodies and the sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins into internal luminal vesicles. Further investigation of mechanisms by which dysfunction of this gene causes CHSP will contribute to the understanding of intracellular trafficking of vesicles by the ESCRT machinery and its relevance to CHSP.
Journal Article
Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections
The viruses HIV-1, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are characterized by the establishment of lifelong infection in the human host, where their replication is thought to be tightly controlled by virus-specific CD8
+
T cells. Here we present detailed studies of the differentiation phenotype of these cells, which can be separated into three distinct subsets based on expression of the costimulatory receptors CD28 and CD27. Whereas CD8
+
T cells specific for HIV, EBV and HCV exhibit similar characteristics during primary infection, there are significant enrichments at different stages of cellular differentiation in the chronic phase of persistent infection according to the viral specificity, which suggests that distinct memory T-cell populations are established in different virus infections. These findings challenge the current definitions of memory and effector subsets in humans, and suggest that ascribing effector and memory functions to subsets with different differentiation phenotypes is no longer appropriate.
Journal Article
An old man's love
Fifty-year-old William Whittlestaff becomes guardian to Mary Lawrie, the orphaned and penniless daughter of an old friend, and gradually finds himself falling in love with her. But Mary has already given her heart to the young John Gordon who has gone to seek his fortune in the Kimberley diamond fields. Gordon's sudden return after a three years' absence, on the very day of Whittlestaff's proposal, precipitates a crisis at the center of the story. An old man's love is Trollope's last complete novel, finished seven months before his death.
Australian Oryza: Utility and conservation
Australian Oryza are an understudied and underexploited genetic resource for rice improvement. Four species are indigenous: Oryza rufipogon, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza australiensis are widespread across northern Australia, whereas Oryza officinalis is known from two localities only. Molecular analysis of these wild populations is required to better define the distinctness of the taxa and the extent of any gene flow between them and rice. Limited collections of these wild populations are held in seed and DNA banks. These species have potential for domestication in some cases but also have many traits of potential value in the improvement of domesticated rice. Stress tolerance (biotic and abiotic) and grain quality characteristics in these populations may be useful. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.
Journal Article