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The number of older adults living with HIV (OALHIV) is increasing rapidly due to effective antiretroviral therapy. The current research describes sexual behavior, attitudes toward sex, and HIV transmission risk among OALHIV. Participants were HIV-infected persons aged 50 years and older enrolled from community hospitals in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. Of the 328 participants, 57.6% were women, and the average age was 58.8 years. The majority of participants (93.9%) had undetectable viral load. Most participants (77.1%) thought that it is ok/acceptable for PLHIV to have sex. About one-third of OALHIV participants were sexually active. Being male, younger, married, a previous smoker or a non-smoker, having a positive attitude toward sex, and not having a chronic health condition were independent predictors of having had sex in the last 12 months. Risk of HIV sexual transmission was likely low due to consistent condom use, undetectable viral load, and low instances of extramarital sex.

There has been a global increase in HIV infection in persons 50 years of age and older. This group is at risk for development of chronic illness that may be exacerbated by socio-behavioral risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy alcohol use, and sedentary lifestyle. However, socio-behavioral risk factors in this older HIV infected population are not well described. The current study aims to describe and document factors related to alcohol use, tobacco smoking, and physical exercise in older adults living with HIV (OALHIV). This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted between August and September 2015, and enrolled HIV-infected participants aged 50 years and older from 12 community hospitals in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. Of the 364 participants recruited in the study, 57.1% were female, and 67.3% were between 50-59 years of age. Respectively, 15.1%, 59.1%, and 18.7% were current smokers, currently engaged in physical exercises, and reported ever drank alcohol in the past year. 22.1% of those who drank alcohol reported experience of heavy episodic drinking. Male gender was one of the strongest predictors of ever drank alcohol in the past year (AOR, 4.66; CI, 2.28-9.49; P<0.001) and of being a current smoker (AOR, 13.41; CI, 7.23-24.87; P<0.001). Lower household income was associated with increased odds of ever drank alcohol in the past year (household income (1 USD = 35 THB) of ≤ 5,000 Baht versus > 20,000 Baht: AOR, 5.34; CI, 1.28-22.25; P = 0.021). Lower educational level was associated with decreased odds of physical exercises (no education versus secondary and higher: AOR, 0.22; CI, 0.08-0.55; P = 0.001). Smoking and alcohol use is common among OALHIV, with a substantial proportion not engaging in physical exercises. Interventions for OALHIV should particularly target males and those of lower socio-economic status to deter smoking and alcohol use and to promote physical exercises.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188088.].

Hainanese chicken rice (cooked rice mixed with chicken fat and served with sliced chicken and cucumber) is a well-known Chinese dish in Southeast Asian countries. We report two consecutive outbreaks of cholera associated with consumption of chicken rice among attendants of two meetings in northwestern Thailand in April 2010. Active case finding was carried out among persons who attended the meetings and in the community. Environmental investigation was conducted at the implicated food shop and in the affected areas. The first outbreak involved 17 cholera cases (35.4%) among 48 attendants and 16 cases in the community. The onset of symptoms was between April 19 and 23, 2010. People who ate the chicken rice had a higher attack rate of infection than those who did not. All 12 food handlers at the implicated food shop were screened for cholera infection by rectal swab culture; 3 were culture-positive. Although the food shop was closed temporarily following the outbreak, some chicken rice was produced and served at the second meeting and caused 11 more cases (23.4%) among 47 meeting attendants. All cholera isolates obtained from patients and food handlers were V. cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, and had similar antibiograms and genetic patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The chicken rice which was possibly contaminated by an infected food handler served as the vehicle of transmission. A repeat cholera outbreak caused by the same vehicle can occur when control measures are not adequately followed.