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"Watkins, Claire"
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Battleborn
A debut collection of ten short works reimagines the mythology of the American West and includes stories of a foreigner's arrival at a prostitution ranch, a hermit's attempt to rescue an abused teen, and a woman's role in a friend's degrading Vegas encounter.
Book
Treatment of retrograde ascending aorta and aortic arch intramural hematoma (IMH) with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR)
Typically, the presence of ascending aortic IMH is treated with open surgical repair due to the unpredictability of subsequent rupture. We demonstrate successful endovascular management of retrograde ascending IMH with TEVAR in a 58-year-old, high-risk patient. Assisted by high-quality pre- and intra-operative imaging, TEVAR for type B dissection with retrograde IMH extension into the ascending aorta may offer a less invasive treatment and possibly a better outcome for patients.
Journal Article
American wild
American Wild: it can kill you, or exhilarate you. It's always there, a character in its own right in the great unfolding narrative of American writing. This issue of Granta is dedicated to stories of the wild, from MELINDA MOUSTAKIS on gutting fish in Alaska to CLAIRE VAYE WATKINS on a lost child in a dystopian California. Also: ANTHONY DOERR on a family of pioneers in Idaho, ADAM NICOLSON on tracking wolves in New Mexico and DAVID TREUER on cage fighting and his Ojibwe heritage.
BOOK
Gefitinib or Carboplatin–Paclitaxel in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
This trial compared gefitinib, an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase of epidermal growth factor (EGFR), with carboplatin plus paclitaxel as initial treatment of pulmonary adenocarcinoma in more than 1200 East Asian patients. The primary end point, progression-free survival, was significantly longer with gefitinib therapy among patients whose tumors carried an
EGFR
mutation and with carboplatin plus paclitaxel therapy among patients with mutation-negative tumors.
In East Asian patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, progression-free survival was significantly longer with gefitinib therapy among patients whose tumors carried an
EGFR
mutation and with carboplatin plus paclitaxel therapy among patients with mutation-negative tumors.
Inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have clinical efficacy, as compared with the best supportive care
1
or standard chemotherapy,
2
when given as second-line or third-line therapy for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. Treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors is most effective in women, patients who have never smoked, patients with pulmonary adenocarcinomas, and patients of Asian origin. In these populations, such treatment is associated with favorable rates of objective responses, progression-free survival, and overall survival.
1
,
3
,
4
These populations also have a relatively high incidence of somatic mutations in the region of the
EGFR
gene that encodes . . .
Journal Article
Olaparib Maintenance Therapy in Platinum-Sensitive Relapsed Ovarian Cancer
In a placebo-controlled, phase 2 study, olaparib, an oral PARP inhibitor that should be effective in tumor cells with
BRCA1/2
-related base excision repair defects, increased progression-free survival from 4 months to 8 months in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer.
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic tumors in the Western world.
1
Approximately 80% of patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer have a response to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, most patients have relapses, and responses to subsequent therapies are generally short-lived.
2
–
6
Maintenance chemotherapy as part of first-line treatment has been shown to prolong control of ovarian cancer,
7
and disease control has also been prolonged with the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients receiving first-line treatment
8
,
9
and in those with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer.
10
However, new treatments are needed because most patients eventually have a relapse. . . .
Journal Article
Perinatal factors affect the gut microbiota up to four years after birth
Perinatal factors impact gut microbiota development in early life, however, little is known on the effects of these factors on microbes in later life. Here we sequence DNA from faecal samples of children over the first four years and reveal a perpetual evolution of the gut microbiota during this period. The significant impact of gestational age at birth and delivery mode on gut microbiota progression is evident in the first four years of life, while no measurable effects of antibiotics are found in the first year. Microbiota profiles are also characteristic in children dependant on gestational age and maturity. Full term delivery is characterised by
Bacteroides
(year one),
Parabacteroides
(year two) and
Christensenellaceae
(year four). Preterm delivery is characterised by
Lactobacillus
(year one),
Streptococcus
(year two) and
Carnobacterium
(year four). This study reveals that the gut retains distinct microbial profiles of perinatal factors up to four years of age.
Early life microbiome is affected by factors such as mode of delivery, gestational age at birth and feeding regime. Here, the authors show that gestational age at birth still imprints on the microbiome at four years of age, suggesting a link between altered microbiome in prematurity and long term health implications.
Journal Article
A Mirage in the Desert? African Women Directors at FESPACO
In her extensive report published in 1991, Claire Andrade-Watkins gives an account of the thorny issues raised between African and diasporan participants at the FESPACO meeting, \"Women, Cinema, Television and Video in Africa.\" In her wide-ranging discussion of African filmmaking structures, she contextualizes African women filmmakers' place within African cinemas and the significance of the landmark meeting.
Journal Article
Gefitinib versus docetaxel in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (INTEREST): a randomised phase III trial
Two phase II trials in patients with previously-treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer suggested that gefitinib was efficacious and less toxic than was chemotherapy. We compared gefitinib with docetaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer who had been pretreated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
We undertook an open-label phase III study with recruitment between March 1, 2004, and Feb 17, 2006, at 149 centres in 24 countries. 1466 patients with pretreated (≥one platinum-based regimen) advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were randomly assigned with dynamic balancing to receive gefitinib (250 mg per day orally; n=733) or docetaxel (75 mg/m
2 intravenously in 1-h infusion every 3 weeks; n=733). The primary objective was to compare overall survival between the groups with co-primary analyses to assess non-inferiority in the overall per-protocol population and superiority in patients with high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-gene-copy number in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov, number
NCT00076388.
1433 patients were analysed per protocol (723 in gefitinib group and 710 in docetaxel group). Non-inferiority of gefitinib compared with docetaxel was confirmed for overall survival (593
vs 576 events; hazard ratio [HR] 1·020, 96% CI 0·905–1·150, meeting the predefined non-inferiority criterion; median survival 7·6
vs 8·0 months). Superiority of gefitinib in patients with high EGFR-gene-copy number (85
vs 89 patients) was not proven (72
vs 71 events; HR 1·09, 95% CI 0·78–1·51; p=0·62; median survival 8·4
vs 7·5 months). In the gefitinib group, the most common adverse events were rash or acne (360 [49%]
vs 73 [10%]) and diarrhoea (255 [35%]
vs 177 [25%]); whereas in the docetaxel group, neutropenia (35 [5%]
vs 514 [74%]), asthenic disorders (182 [25%]
vs 334 [47%]), and alopecia (23 [3%]
vs 254 [36%]) were most common.
INTEREST established non-inferior survival of gefitinib compared with docetaxel, suggesting that gefitinib is a valid treatment for pretreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
AstraZeneca.
Journal Article
Evolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET Cohort
Background
The gut is the most extensively studied niche of the human microbiome. The aim of this study was to characterise the initial gut microbiota development of a cohort of breastfed infants (
n
= 192) from 1 to 24 weeks of age.
Methods
V4-V5 region 16S rRNA amplicon Illumina sequencing and, in parallel, bacteriological culture. The metabolomic profile of infant urine at 4 weeks of age was also examined by LC-MS.
Results
Full-term (FT), spontaneous vaginally delivered (SVD) infants’ microbiota remained stable at both phylum and genus levels during the 24-week period examined. FT Caesarean section (CS) infants displayed an increased faecal abundance of Firmicutes (
p
< 0.01) and lower abundance of Actinobacteria (
p
< 0.001) after the first week of life compared to FT-SVD infants. FT-CS infants gradually progressed to harbouring a microbiota closely resembling FT-SVD (which remained stable) by week 8 of life, which was maintained at week 24. The gut microbiota of preterm (PT) infants displayed a significantly greater abundance of Proteobacteria compared to FT infants (
p
< 0.001) at week 1.
Metabolomic analysis of urine at week 4 indicated PT-CS infants have a functionally different metabolite profile than FT (both CS and SVD) infants. Co-inertia analysis showed co-variation between the urine metabolome and the faecal microbiota of the infants. Tryptophan and tyrosine metabolic pathways, as well as fatty acid and bile acid metabolism, were found to be affected by delivery mode and gestational age.
Conclusions
These findings confirm that mode of delivery and gestational age both have significant effects on early neonatal microbiota composition. There is also a significant difference between the metabolite profile of FT and PT infants. Prolonged breastfeeding was shown to have a significant effect on the microbiota composition of FT-CS infants at 24 weeks of age, but interestingly not on that of FT-SVD infants. Twins had more similar microbiota to one another than between two random infants, reflecting the influence of similarities in both host genetics and the environment on the microbiota.
Journal Article
Current Status of Endoluminal Treatment of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was proved to be effective in thoracic descending aortic aneurysm (TDAA) repair in 1994 and approved by the FDA in 2005. Since then, TEVAR has become the first-line, recommended treatment for intact or ruptured DTAA or as a bridge to definitive open surgical repair in connective tissue disease. TEVAR has decreased perioperative morbidity and mortality compared to open surgery due to the lack of thoracotomy, aortic cross-clamping and left heart bypass. Improvement in materials, manufacturing and device delivery systems have allowed for the expansion of indications. Thoughtful and accurate pre-procedure planning is the hallmark of successful TEVAR. Familiarization and adherence to the instructions for use for an aortic device will give the best possible chance of success.
Journal Article