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Black seed has been applied for several decades to cure an extensive variety of illnesses and ailments. In this report, the chemical profile of both crude and ozonized black seed oil was assessed after the oil was exposed to 0 to 5 L/minute of ozone for four hours. The in vitro effects of black seed oil following being exposed to ozone including antimicrobial properties versus Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC8739), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC13883), Candida albicans (ATCC10221), and Aspergillus niger (ATCC16888). Beside s , antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory capacity, and antineoplastic function versus HCT cells were assessed. The chemical profile of ozonized black seed oil showed elevation of essential molecules of oil as well as presence of some characteristic molecules to both forms of oil. Besides, it could be noticed that exposing of oil to ozone improves its antimicrobial activity towards all tested microbes except for C. albicans . Both forms of oil showed no activity towards A. niger . Black seed oil exposed to ozone showed a promising antioxidant capacity with IC 50 of 2.93 ± 0.2 µg/ml. A dramatic improvement in anti-inflammatory impact of ozonized oil as well as its antitumor capacity towards HCT cells could be seen in the laboratory outcomes. The current findings point to a novel method for enhancing some of the in vitro medicinal uses of black seed oil by exposing it to ozone.

The colonization of preterm neonates by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), remains poorly understood despite its potential role in healthcare-associated transmission. This study addresses this gap by characterizing gut colonization by Enterobacteriaceae, focusing on carbapenem-resistant in preterm neonates. Samples of preterm neonates' stool were cultured on eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, followed by biochemical identification, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 system. All preterm neonates aged 2 weeks or older exhibited colonization by enterobacteria. was the most prevalent species, identified in 56.2% (9/16) of samples, with present in an additional 6.3% (1/16). Two isolates were multidrug-resistant; one exhibited carbapenem resistance, and one showed intermediate susceptibility. These strains were also resistant to multiple other antibiotics. was detected in 50% (8/16) of cases but exhibited no carbapenem resistance. This study demonstrates that preterm neonates in NICUs can harbor multidrug-resistant in their gut, highlighting the gut as a potential reservoir and source of CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) dissemination. These findings stress the need for enhanced surveillance, strict infection control practices, and strategies to prevent gut colonization and fecal-oral transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria in vulnerable neonatal populations. All strains of , including those resistant or with intermediate resistance to carbapenems, displayed widespread sensitivity to gentamicin (GM) and tigecycline (TGC) , suggesting potential clinical utility, though further evaluation is warranted.

Macroalgae represents a powerful, renewable bioplatform for generating high-performance nanomaterials that bridge sustainability with advanced biotechnological applications. However, crop production and multi-drug resistance microbes are considered the main challenge worldwide. Also, the incorporation of macroalgae metabolites to generate multimetallic nanocomposite, as a new active compound, remains unexplored. In this work, the brown macroalga Sargassum latifolium was exploited as a robust biofactory for the green fabrication of multifunctional active tetrametallic Se/CuO/MgO/ZnO (TSCMZ) nanocomposite. The biosynthesized TSCMZ were characterized by FT-IR which explains the role of different algal-active metabolites in biofabrication process. Also, TEM, SAED, and EDX confirm the spherical shape with average sizes of 24   nm and the presence of metallic elements as main nanocomposite component. Polycrystalline architecture of synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD analysis. Under field conditions, Phaseolus vulgaris L. exposed to 100 mM NaCl experienced drastic impairments in growth, metabolism, and yield stability. Remarkably, foliar application of TSCMZ (50–200 ppm), especially at 200 ppm, significantly mitigate salt stress, elevating metabolic performance, and recovering key yield attributes. This enhancement was accompanied by substantial increases in chlorophylls (a, b, and a + b), carotenoids, free proline, carbohydrate and protein biosynthesis, indicating strengthened osmotic adjustment and redox homeostasis. Beyond its agronomic impact, TSCMZ displayed striking antibacterial potency, with low MIC values (12.5–25 µg mL –1 ) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens including E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Moreover, the algal-mediated tetrametallic nanocomposite demonstrated high antioxidant strength through potent DPPH radical scavenging at ≥ 125 µg mL –1 . Collectively, these findings demonstrate that TSCMZ is a salt-stress mitigation treatment and have the efficacy to inhibits the growth of MDR bacterial strains.

Despite the discovery of many plant-based drugs, research is still ingoing, in addition to using safer and more effective methods in the extraction process. Presently, Super Fluid Extraction (SFE) was applied to extract the mango seed kernels (MSK) at two operating temperatures 30 and 50 °C with studying their biological activities. MSK extract via SFE at operating temperatures 30 °C showed high yield 0.268 g compared to that at 50 °C. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated high content of compounds such as gallic acid (68503.01 µg/mL), chlorogenic acid (6541.68 µg/mL), ferulic acid (2555.12 µg/mL) and ellagic acid (2479.42 µg/mL) MSK while at 50 °C the concentrations were low. Helicobacter pylori was highly inhibited by MSK extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C with inhibition zone 29.17 ± 0.29 mm, MIC 15.62 µg/mL and MBC 31.25 µg/mL, while at operating temperature 50 °C the inhibition zone was 24.67 ± 0.58 mm, MIC was 62.5 µg/mL and MBC was 125 µg/mL. Moreover, low hemolysis was recorded by H. pylori treated by MSK extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C compared to that at 50 °C. Excellent antioxidant with IC 50 values of 4.34 and 10.5 µg/mL was recorded for MSK extract via SFE at operating temperatures 30 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The recorded IC 50 values 151.64 ± 0.53 and 73.81 ± 1.68 µg/mL compared to IC 50 202.83 ± 1.78 µg/mL and 85.78 ± 0.52 µg/mL indicated the efficacy of MSK extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C compared to that at 50 °C against prostate (PC3), and ovarian (SK-OV3) cancer cells lines, respectively.

Coconut oil is eatable oil with many nutritional and cosmetic applications. In this investigation coconut oil was subjected to 0 to 5 L/min of ozone for 3 h and the chemical composition of both crude and ozonized oil was valued via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Some biological tests were done including antibacterial action versus Helicobacter pylori , anti-biofilm activity versus H. pylori , anti-hemolytic activity in the existence of H. pylori , anti-Alzheimer action, and cytotoxic effect towards A-413 cancer cell line to determine the activity of coconut oil and upon exposure to ozone. Fifteen compounds were detected in the coconut oil crude and ozonized oils where the fatty acid esters were the most common molecules in crude coconut oil, whereas alkenes were the most predominant compounds in ozonized coconut oil. A slight elevation of antibacterial action towards H. pylori from 23.0 ± 0.1 to 28.2 ± 0.5 mm was displayed upon exposure of the coconut oil to ozone. Both crude and ozonized coconut oil showed a bactericidal effect with MICs = 62.5 ± 0.1, 125.0 ± 0.2 µg/mL and MBCs = 15.62 ± 0.2, 31.25 0.2 µg/mL for crude and ozonized oil, respectively. A significant elevation in anti-biofilm activity was found upon using 25% of MBCs of ozonized oil relative to crude oil. A dramatic rise was observed in anti-hemolytic activity upon using 25 and 75% of MICs of ozonized oil relative to crude one. A notable elevation of anti-Alzheimer impact was evident upon exposing coconut oil to ozone. Besides, the cytotoxic impact towards A-431 cells was slightly increased after exposing the oil to ozone. The current results suggest a new technique to expose coconut oil to ozone to improve some of its in vitro pharmaceutical applications.

The unique features of trimetallic nanoalloys to be used in biomedical applications have taken more attention instead those of mono and bimetallic nanoparticles. Leaf aqueous extract of Nitraria retusa was utilized for the first time to synthesize trimetallic Se/ZnO/CuO (TSZC) nanoalloys. Data displayed the formation of crystallographic and spherical TSZC with an average size of 47.69 ± 1.95 nm by the action of active molecules in N. retusa extract. EDX analysis reveals the existing Se, Zn, and Cu peaks at specific bending energies with weight percentages of 17.03, 9.44, and 8.36% respectively. TSZC showed promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Candida albicans , and Penicillium glabrum , superior the activity of positive control. The clear zones ranging from 12.3 ± 0.6 to 32.7 ± 0.5 mm were attained due to TSZC treatment with MIC values of 12.5 µg mL –1 for E. coli , C. albicans , and P. glabrum , and 50 µg mL –1 for S. aureus. The maximum DPPH scavenging activity (90.1 ± 0.2%) was attained at 1000 µg mL –1 TSZC compared to ascorbic acid (98.3 ± 0.2%). The IC 50 of TSZC nanoalloys against normal cell line (WI38) was 294.9 ± 4.4 µg mL –1 compared to IC 50 against cancer cells (Caco-2 = 83.01 ± 1.1; Mcf7 = 91.7 ± 1.2 µg mL –1 ) Which indicates that the TSZC are targeted cancer cells at low concentrations. Finally, the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by TSZC with IC 50 values of 23.2 ± 3.8 and 32.1 ± 2.6 µg mL –1 respectively compared to acarbose as a positive control (IC 50  = 10.9 ± 1.5 and 15.9 ± 1.8 µg mL –1 for α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively) indicates the superior antidiabetic activity in-vitro.