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The recent shake-up of abortion laws in England and Wales marks an important moment for abortion rights, but full decriminalisation remains essential, say Jayne Kavanagh and Hayley Webb

Acupuncture treatment had been given in the community and we do not know if the therapist was aware of the fact she was being treated with warfarin, nor do we know if enquiry was made about the state of anticoagulant control at the time of needle insertion.

BackgroundOver recent years genetic testing for germline mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 has become more readily available because of technological advances and reducing costs.ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and acceptability of offering genetic testing to all women recently diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).MethodsBetween 1 July 2013 and 30 June 2015 women newly diagnosed with EOC were recruited through six sites in East Anglia, UK into the Genetic Testing in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (GTEOC) study. Eligibility was irrespective of patient age and family history of cancer. The psychosocial arm of the study used self-report, psychometrically validated questionnaires (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21); Impact of Event Scale (IES)) and cost analysis was performed.Results232 women were recruited and 18 mutations were detected (12 in BRCA1, 6 in BRCA2), giving a mutation yield of 8%, which increased to 12% in unselected women aged <70 years (17/146) but was only 1% in unselected women aged ≥70 years (1/86). IES and DASS-21 scores in response to genetic testing were significantly lower than equivalent scores in response to cancer diagnosis (p<0.001). Correlation tests indicated that although older age is a protective factor against any traumatic impacts of genetic testing, no significant correlation exists between age and distress outcomes.ConclusionsThe mutation yield in unselected women diagnosed with EOC from a heterogeneous population with no founder mutations was 8% in all ages and 12% in women under 70. Unselected genetic testing in women with EOC was acceptable to patients and is potentially less resource-intensive than current standard practice.

Recent evidence suggests that asymptomatic nonspecific urethritis (NSU), which is not routinely tested for, is a clinically significant pathology.The aim of this pilot study was to determine if testing for urinary threads, leucocyte esterase (LE) or both in asymptomatic men is a good screening tool for NSU. Of the126 asymptomatic men, 8% met microscopic criteria for the diagnosis of NSU. The positive predictive value for NSU was 71% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.3–95.5%) and the negative predictive value was 96% (95% CI: 92.8–99.5%). The absence of threads and negative LE makes urethritis highly unlikely, making urinary chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) and gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) testing sufficient. Incidental findings of further pathology occurred in 7%.

Vice President Justin Cook, Secretary/Treasurer Brennah Hutchison, Events Coordinator Stephen Turner, Public Relations Director Charolette Duncan, and faculty adviser Dr. Kellie Buford were all pivotal in the creation of the conference in addition to the sponsors, departments and professors who aided their journey in making the idea a reality.

ADRs are a major complication of drug therapy and are one of the main causes of attrition in drug development. Bioactivation of drugs to CRMs is believed to be a crucial step in the development of many direct and immune-mediated ADRs. FS, a furan containing diuretic drug, has been shown to produce massive hepatic necrosis in mice through bioactivation of the furan ring to a reactive epoxide intermediate. A thiophene analogue of FS (TPA) has been synthesized in order to compare the heterocyclic moieties in the same biological environment. NVP, used for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, can cause skin reactions and hepatotoxicity, which are thought to be mediated through CRM formation and subsequent induction of the immune system. FS, TPA and NVP can be used to assess current systems used to investigate the potential hazard of a drug. Substitution of the furan ring in FS to a thiophene ring (TPA) improved the potency towards the pharmacological target; the Na+/2C1-/K+ co-transport system in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It was found that TPA was three times more potent than FS, with IC50 values of 17 μM and 50 μM respectively. TPA displayed an improved safety profile in vivo in terms of serum ALT activity levels compared to FS (237.3 and 4441.4 U/L respectively, 1.21 mmol/kg i.p. for 24 hours). Evidence for the bioactivation of TPA, was provided through studies in rat and mouse liver microsomes. Neither FS nor TPA elicited hepatotoxicity or depleted hepatic GSH levels in the rat in vivo. The disposition of FS and TPA were found to be similar in the mouse; however, the plasma AUC increased supraproportionally (≈240-fold to 4300-fold) as the dose was increased from 3/5 to 400 mg/kg orally in the mouse and rat suggesting that, in both species, clearance for both compounds becomes saturated at high oral doses. The toxicokinetic studies reported highlight that the liver exposure in the mouse was twice that in the rat (1.12 mmol/kg i.p.), with free liver AUC values at 243 and 128 μg.h/ml respectively. It was also observed, an i.p. dose of FS induced hepatotoxicity in male mice, yet, at the same dose, orally administered FS failed to do so. Oral administration of FS in the mouse resulted in significantly reduced plasma and liver exposure compared to i.p. administration. NVP was tested in in vitro and in vivo systems for a toxicological end-point; NVP failed to induce cytotoxicity in both male Wistar and female Brown Norway rat hepatocytes, however, a NVP-induced skin rash developed over 3 weeks of daily NVP treatment in female Brown Norway rats. Urinary metabolites were quantified by mass spectrometry on day 7, 14 and 21 of the study; however, no time-dependant trend in any NVP metabolite was observed. No evidence of liver injury or elevation in serum HMGB-1 was observed. It is shown, in the work presented, that 12-OH NVP is a substrate for bioactivation; 12-OH NVP was administered to male Wistar rats and only Ml was identified in the bile. Following administration of NVP to male Wistar rats, both Ml and M2 were identified in the bile. The work presented here has shown that the development of an assessment framework that encompasses all aspects of ding disposition and metabolism, and their relationship with bioactivation and toxicity, would be a valuable tool in drag development. The construction of a decision tree that can be populated with quantitative data could be used in the assessment of NCEs and highlight properties that require optimisation. Outcomes of changes or interventions to a new therapy could then be measured quantitatively and mechanisms defined. A caveat to this framework would stipulate that the model systems employed would have to be carefully selected to best represent the clinical situation. This work highlights the need for improved preclinical hazard assessment and understanding of animal models. Development of more informative and translational biomarkers would allow better clinical hazard identification, as well as improving survivability of NCE during the drug development process.

The collection, titled \"En Plein Air,\" incorporates the colors of nature and warmth to evoke the freshness and life spring brings, ranging from cool shades of blue to earthly neutrals. [...]there are a few shades of blue in the line-up, which implies blue is definitely a popular choice in fashion this spring.

The collection, titled \"En Plein Air,\" incorporates the colors of nature and warmth to evoke the freshness and life spring brings, ranging from cool shades of blue to earthly neutrals. [...]there are a few shades of blue in the line-up, which implies blue is definitely a popular choice in fashion this spring.