Explore the vast range of titles available.

ContextLean sports, such as endurance running, have been at the forefront of disordered eating and body image research, particularly in female populations. Yet little is known about how athletic men and women differ in body-checking behaviors, a known risk factor for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, across sport type and athletic status.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine gender differences on measures of eating behavior and body checking between full-time collegiate student-athletes and nonathletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletics.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwo hundred fifty-nine full-time college students (n = 174 student-athletes, 85 nonathletes).Main Outcome Measure(s)Primary outcomes included self-reported disordered eating behavior and body-checking behavior through the Eating Attitudes Test-26 and the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) and the Male BCQ (MBCQ). We explored differences based on sport type, team, individual, or nonathlete, and gender identity.ResultsThere was a statistically significant multivariate main effect of gender, F10,464 = 9.219, P < .001, ηp2 = 0.166, and a significant multivariate interaction of gender and sport type, F15,699 = 2.806, P = .001, ηp2 = 0.057. Follow-up comparisons for team-sport athletes showed that women scored significantly higher (P < .001) on the MBCQ compared with men. Women team-sport athletes also scored significantly higher on the MBCQ than women nonathletes (P < .001). Conversely, nonathlete men scored significantly higher on the MBCQ than men team- and individual-sport athletes (P = .003 and P = .048, respectively).ConclusionsFindings suggest that body-checking behaviors traditionally studied as masculine occur more frequently in women than men. This effect seems to be driven by women team-sport athletes, who reported engaging in more body-checking behaviors on the MBCQ than nonathletes. Therefore, assessments based on traditional views of maleness and femaleness may overlook significant risk factors for eating disorders in college athletes.

We report the use of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing to diagnose culture-negative intracerebral abscesses in younger patients. These 3 cases demonstrate the optimal application of gene sequencing from direct specimens for patients with negative culture results compromised by antibacterial therapy but histories highly suggestive of acute bacterial infection.

Rapid implementation of telehealth exacerbated the digital divide, creating uneven distribution in access, use, or impact of communication technologies among distinct groups. Our aim was to identify factors impacting access to telehealth in a pediatric specialty clinic. This retrospective cohort study used survey methods and electronic health record (EHR) data to examine telehealth access during the COVID-19 pandemic in the South Side of Chicago. Of 193 patient encounters reviewed, 127 met inclusion criteria. 42 parent surveys were completed, with 36 completed visits. No shows included a higher proportion of Hispanic and non-English speaking patients from areas with lower median income. Our parent questionnaire showed association of no-show rates with lower caregiver education (p ​= ​0.005), non-English speaking (p ​= ​0.015), difficulty accessing internet (p ​= ​0.011), and only smartphone internet access (p ​= ​0.002). Completion of telehealth visits was impacted by ethnicity, education, and digital access. Future work is needed to address these areas. [Display omitted] •During the COVID-19 pandemic telehealth use increased significantly across the US.•Lower household income was associated with increased rates of no-show appointments.•Limited digital literacy was a significant barrier to completion of appointments.•Reliable access to broadband was a key social determinant for successful appointments.

Context Lean sports, endurance running, have been at the forefront of disordered eating and body image research, particularly in female populations. Yet, little is known about how athletic men and women differ in body checking behaviors, a known risk factor for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, across sport type and athletic status. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences on measures of eating behavior and body checking between full-time collegiate student-athletes and nonathletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting NCAA DI collegiate athletics. Participants Two-hundred fifty-nine full-time college students (n = 174 student-athletes, 85 nonathletes) Main Outcome Measures Primary outcomes included self-reported disordered eating behavior and body checking behavior through the EAT-26 and the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) and the Male BCQ (MBCQ). We explored differences based on sport type, team, individual, or nonathlete, and gender identity. Results There was a statistically significant multivariate main effect of gender F(10, 464) = 9.219, p<0.001, 𝜂 2 = 0.166, and a significant multivariate interaction of gender and sport type F(15, 699) = 2.806, p=0.001, 𝜂 2 = 0.057. Follow-up comparisons for team sport athletes showed that women scored significantly higher (p<0.001) on the MBCQ compared to men. Women team sport athletes also scored significantly higher on the MBCQ than women nonathletes (p < 0.001). Conversely, nonathlete men scored significantly higher on the MBCQ than men team and individual sport athletes (p = 0.003 and p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions Findings suggest that body checking behaviors traditionally studied as masculine occur more frequently in women than men. This effect seems to be driven by women team sport athletes, who reported engaging in more body checking behaviors on the MBCQ than nonathletes. Therefore, assessments based on traditional views of maleness and femaleness may overlook significant risk factors for eating disorders (ED) in college athletes.

The Western Indian Ocean biodiversity hotspot hosts a remarkable array of endemic species, but invasive alien species increasingly threaten its unique ecosystems. Lizards of the West African Agama agama species group are successful colonizers, with recent introductions to Grande Comore (Comoros Archipelago) and Reunion Island. Systematic revisions within the native range of the A. agama species group have left many of the introduced populations without clear identity. We used molecular methods to determine the identities of the Agama species introduced to Grande Comore and Reunion Island, define their respective likely origin, and assess body size characteristics for each island population. We identified Agama picticauda as the species present on both islands with likely origins in two distinct Western African regions. Agamas from Reunion Island had longer and wider heads with greater body weight than Grande Comore individuals. Sexual size dimorphism on both islands was driven by weight, with males being heavier than females. We provide foundations for further research on the ecology and impacts of A. picticauda on Western Indian Ocean islands and to aid in the development of targeted management strategies for controlling this invasive reptile.

BackgroundSleep plays an integral role in a child’s physical and neuropsychological development. Children with sleep disorders are at risk of developing inattention, hyperactivity, and learning difficulties, challenges that impact them, their families, their classmates, and their communities.26 There is a paucity of pediatric sleep medicine providers equipped to partner with families in identifying and addressing sleep disorders. Additional barriers to accessing this specialized care include geographic proximity, parental ability to take time off from work, and hesitance for a child to miss valuable learning time at school. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, our pediatric sleep department transitioned from largely in-person care to a predominantly virtual platform and collected data to monitor the impact of this transition. In this study, we share several key trends that emerged which may have broad implications on how pediatric sleep medicine providers can better support school-aged children with sleep challenges.MethodsWe performed a chart review of all scheduled pediatric sleep medicine visits from June 2019 to June 2021, a time frame that included the pandemic-driven overnight transition from in-person to virtual clinic visits. The STEM framework1 was developed by pediatric telehealth experts to provide a unified approach to assessing the impact of telehealth programs. We applied this framework to the collected data to gauge the impact on the four major domains highlighted in STEM: health outcomes, healthcare delivery, individual experience (patient and provider), and program implementation.ResultsThe data demonstrated an increased proportion of completed visits and a decreased proportion of canceled/no-show visits when care was provided virtually. Patients accessing virtual care were doing so from greater distances than those who had in-person visits. The school-aged (5-12 years) cohort utilizing telehealth had notable differences in past medical history, with significantly more Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. They also presented with significantly more insomnia and behavioral sleep difficulties.DiscussionSleep disorders are common, and school-aged children have much to gain from sleep optimization. However, pediatric sleep care can be challenging to access. Geographic distance and time away from school and work preclude many families from formal sleep consultations. Telehealth allows high-quality pediatric sleep care to be offered in an easily accessible format to those near and far, resulting in clinics running more efficiently and school-aged children, who need it most, to receive the tools they need to sleep soundly. With a convenient click, families are better able to fit virtual sleep consultations into their day, without the stress of travel or the waiting room. They complete more scheduled visits, allowing pediatric sleep medicine departments to deliver care more efficiently. The low-pressure virtual platform also permits families to seek care for behavioral sleep issues. While our department’s transition to predominantly virtual care occurred amidst a pandemic, with many confounding factors limiting the interpretation of the data we collected, the trends seen are very promising.Key Take Away Points [list][list_item]Pediatric sleep medicine consultation is a highly needed but scarce resource. [/list_item] [list_item]Pediatric sleep medicine clinics can run more efficiently when utilizing telehealth. [/list_item] [list_item]School-aged children with ADHD or suffering from insomnia may access sleep care at greater rates when care is offered virtually. [/list_item] [/list]

To describe the modification and validation of an existing instrument, the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO), to better capture provider feeding practices. Modifications to the EPAO were made, validity assessed through expert review, pilot tested and then used to collect follow-up data during a two-day home visit from an ongoing cluster-randomized trial. Exploratory factor analysis investigated the underlying factor structure of the feeding practices. To test predictive validity of the factors, multilevel mixed models examined associations between factors and child's diet quality as captured by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score (measured via the Dietary Observation in Childcare Protocol). Family childcare homes (FCCH) in Rhode Island and North Carolina, USA.ParticipantsThe modified EPAO was pilot tested with fifty-three FCCH and then used to collect data in 133 FCCH. The final three-factor solution ('coercive control and indulgent feeding practices', 'autonomy support practices', 'negative role modelling') captured 43 % of total variance. In multilevel mixed models adjusted for covariates, 'autonomy support practices' was positively associated with children's diet quality. A 1-unit increase in the use of 'autonomy support practices' was associated with a 9·4-unit increase in child HEI-2010 score (P=0·001). Similar to the parenting literature, constructs which describe coercive controlling practices and those which describe autonomy-supportive practices emerged. Given that diets of pre-schoolers in the USA remain suboptimal, teaching childcare providers about supportive feeding practices may help improve children's diet quality.

Predicting biological invasions is challenging because multiple factors can act in contrasting directions and exert heterogeneous effects across space. Nevertheless, modelling approaches provide valuable tools to anticipate the potential spread of invasive alien species and to support mitigation strategies. With an Ecological Niche Modelling approach, we predicted the invasion risks of Peters’s Rock Agama Agama picticauda, a species that is spreading globally in non-forested areas through freight transport and un-/intentional releases from the pet trade. The potential establishment of the species in new areas is of concern for multiple endemic species throughout the world. We quantified the effects of climate, anthropogenic activity and forest cover on invasion risk. We used verified records from the native and non-native range and accounted for the latest methodological recommendations. We predicted how invasion risk will vary in the future (2070) using projections from two scenarios (SSP2 and SSP5). We predict that invasion risks will vary in diverging directions, depending on the region. The risk will increase in human-populated regions and on small islands but will decrease in Florida. We recommend increasing surveillance in vehicular transportation of material especially within the Comoros and the Mascarenes archipelagos. Since many introductions are related to the pet trade in Florida, we recommend stronger legal regulations and the promotion of public awareness. Promoting tree cover may be locally beneficial to prevent establishment of A. picticauda. The effect of climate change, land use change and human activities may differ between and within both, the native and the invaded regions.