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قراءات في الحزام والطريق : مبادرة الصين للعالم في القرن الحادي والعشرين
في العاشر من سبتمبر عام 2013، أعلن الرئيس الصيني شي جين بينغ خلال زيارته لآسيا الوسطى ومنطقة جنوب شرق آسيا، عن المبادرة الكبرى الحزام والطريق \"الحزام الاقتصادي لطريق الحرير وطريق الحرير البحري للقرن الحادي والعشرين\"، لتحظى المبادرة باهتمام كبير على الصعيد الدولي، حيث تعد سياسة استراتيجية دولية كبرى للصين، وقد وضعت بناء على التخطيط الشامل للمشهدين الدولي والمحلي، وتتسم المبادرة باهمية كبيرة، ومغزى بعيد المدى فيما يتعلق بإنشاء آلية اقتصادية ذات طبيعة منفتحة، وتشكيل نمط جديد للانفتاح نحو الخارج بكل الاتجاهات، وفي هذا الكتاب الذي أعده مجموعة من باحثو \"مركز الابتكار التعاوني لمبادرة الحزام والطريق بجامعة تشيجيانغ\"، ليشكفوا عن كل الأسرار المتعلقة بالمبادرة الصينية الكبرى التي قدمتها للعالم في قرنه الحادي والعشرين، وذلك عملا على تعميق معرفة القاريء \"بالحزام والطريق\"، والنشر على مستوى عالمي للمحتوى الثري والمغزى العميق لهذه المبادرة، ويركز أسلوب هذا الكتاب على الشرح والتحليل والمقارنة، فيتطرق إلى الاطر الاستراتيجية للبمادرة وتنافسية الدول الكبرى ومزايا مناطق الصين وربوعها و ثمار التعاون الدولي وغيرها بالتحليل الدقيق، انطلاقا من الموضوعات التي تهم كل مهتم في العالم بمستقبل الصين، وما ستقدمه للعالم.
BOOK
The roles of the gut microbiota–miRNA interaction in the host pathophysiology
The gut microbiota regulates the biological processes of organisms acting like ‘another’ genome, affecting the health and disease of the host. MicroRNAs, as important physiological regulators, have been found to be involved in health and disease. Recently, the gut microbiota has been reported to affect host health by regulating host miRNAs. For example,
Fusobacterium nucleatum
could aggravate chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by decreasing the expression of miR-18a* and miR-4802. What’s more, miRNAs can shape the gut microbiota composition, ultimately affecting the host's physiology and disease. miR-515-5p and miR-1226-5p could promote the growth of
Fusobacterium nucleatum
(
Fn
) and
Escherichia coli
(
E.coli
), which have been reported to drive colorectal cancer. Here, we will review current findings of the interactions between the gut microbiota and microRNAs and discuss how the gut microbiota–microRNA interactions affect host pathophysiology including intestinal, neurological, cardiovascular, and immune health and diseases.
Journal Article
مائة سؤال وجواب حول الحزام والطريق : مبادرة الصين للعالم في القرن الحادي والعشرين
في العاشر من سبتمبر عام 2013، أعلن الرئيس الصيني شي جين بينغ خلال زيارته لآسيا الوسطى ومنطقة جنوب شرق آسيا، عن المبادرة الكبرى الحزام والطريق \"الحزام الاقتصادي لطريق الحرير وطريق الحرير البحري للقرن الحادي والعشرين\"، لتحظى المبادرة باهتمام كبير على الصعيد الدولي، حيث تعد سياسة استراتيجية دولية كبرى للصين، وقد وضعت بناء على التخطيط الشامل للمشهدين الدولي والمحلي، وتتسم المبادرة باهمية كبيرة، ومغزى بعيد المدى فيما يتعلق بإنشاء آلية اقتصادية ذات طبيعة منفتحة، وتشكيل نمط جديد للانفتاح نحو الخارج بكل الاتجاهات، وفي هذا الكتاب الذي أعده مجموعة من باحثو \"مركز الابتكار التعاوني لمبادرة الحزام والطريق بجامعة تشيجيانغ\"، ليشكفوا عن كل الأسرار المتعلقة بالمبادرة الصينية الكبرى التي قدمتها للعالم في قرنه الحادي والعشرين، وذلك عملا على تعميق معرفة القاريء \"بالحزام والطريق\"، والنشر على مستوى عالمي للمحتوى الثري والمغزى العميق لهذه المبادرة، ويعتمد أسلوب هذا الكتاب على السؤال والجواب، انطلاقا من الموضوعات التي تهم كل مهتم في العالم بمستقبل الصين، وما ستقدمه للعالم.
BOOK
Consumption of coffee and tea and risk of developing stroke, dementia, and poststroke dementia: A cohort study in the UK Biobank
Previous studies have revealed the involvement of coffee and tea in the development of stroke and dementia. However, little is known about the association between the combination of coffee and tea and the risk of stroke, dementia, and poststroke dementia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of coffee and tea separately and in combination with the risk of developing stroke and dementia.
This prospective cohort study included 365,682 participants (50 to 74 years old) from the UK Biobank. Participants joined the study from 2006 to 2010 and were followed up until 2020. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the associations between coffee/tea consumption and incident stroke and dementia, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, qualification, income, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol status, smoking status, diet pattern, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), history of cancer, history of diabetes, history of cardiovascular arterial disease (CAD), and hypertension. Coffee and tea consumption was assessed at baseline. During a median follow-up of 11.4 years for new onset disease, 5,079 participants developed dementia, and 10,053 participants developed stroke. The associations of coffee and tea with stroke and dementia were nonlinear (P for nonlinear <0.01), and coffee intake of 2 to 3 cups/d or tea intake of 3 to 5 cups/d or their combination intake of 4 to 6 cups/d were linked with the lowest hazard ratio (HR) of incident stroke and dementia. Compared with those who did not drink tea and coffee, drinking 2 to 3 cups of coffee and 2 to 3 cups of tea per day was associated with a 32% (HR 0.68, 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.79; P < 0.001) lower risk of stroke and a 28% (HR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89; P = 0.002) lower risk of dementia. Moreover, the combination of coffee and tea consumption was associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. Additionally, the combination of tea and coffee was associated with a lower risk of poststroke dementia, with the lowest risk of incident poststroke dementia at a daily consumption level of 3 to 6 cups of coffee and tea (HR, 0.52, 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.83; P = 0.007). The main limitations were that coffee and tea intake was self-reported at baseline and may not reflect long-term consumption patterns, unmeasured confounders in observational studies may result in biased effect estimates, and UK Biobank participants are not representative of the whole United Kingdom population.
We found that drinking coffee and tea separately or in combination were associated with lower risk of stroke and dementia. Intake of coffee alone or in combination with tea was associated with lower risk of poststroke dementia.
Journal Article
STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is typically lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), represents the most aggressive and mortal subtype of breast cancer. Currently, only a few treatment options are available for TNBC due to the absence of molecular targets, which underscores the need for developing novel therapeutic and preventive approaches for this disease. Recent evidence from clinical trials and preclinical studies has demonstrated a pivotal role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and immune evasion of TNBC. STAT3 is overexpressed and constitutively activated in TNBC cells and contributes to cell survival, proliferation, cell cycle progression, anti-apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, immunosuppression, and stem cells self-renewal and differentiation by regulating the expression of its downstream target genes. STAT3 small molecule inhibitors have been developed and shown excellent anticancer activities in in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC. This review discusses the recent advances in the understanding of STAT3, with a focus on STAT3’s oncogenic role in TNBC. The current targeting strategies and representative small molecule inhibitors of STAT3 are highlighted. We also propose potential strategies that can be further examined for developing more specific and effective inhibitors for TNBC prevention and therapy.
Journal Article
Biological Detoxification of Mycotoxins: Current Status and Future Advances
Mycotoxins are highly toxic metabolites produced by fungi that pose a huge threat to human and animal health. Contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is a worldwide issue, which leads to huge financial losses, annually. Decades of research have developed various approaches to degrade mycotoxins, among which the biological methods have been proved to have great potential and advantages. This review provides an overview on the important advances in the biological removal of mycotoxins over the last decade. Here, we provided further insight into the chemical structures and the toxicity of the main mycotoxins. The innovative strategies including mycotoxin degradation by novel probiotics are summarized in an in-depth discussion on potentialities and limitations. We prospected the promising future for the development of multifunctional approaches using recombinant enzymes and microbial consortia for the simultaneous removal of multiple mycotoxins.
Journal Article
The complex role of Wnt ligands in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major chronic diseases, whose prevalence is increasing dramatically worldwide and can lead to a range of serious complications. Wnt ligands (Wnts) and their activating Wnt signalling pathways are closely involved in the regulation of various processes that are important for the occurrence and progression of T2DM and related complications. However, our understanding of their roles in these diseases is quite rudimentary due to the numerous family members of Wnts and conflicting effects via activating the canonical and/or non‐canonical Wnt signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the expression pattern and exact role of each human Wnt in T2DM and related complications, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11 and Wnt16. Moreover, the role of main antagonists (sFRPs and WIF‐1) and coreceptor (LRP6) of Wnts in T2DM and related complications and main challenges in designing Wnt‐based therapeutic approaches for these diseases are discussed. We hope a deep understanding of the mechanistic links between Wnt signalling pathways and diabetic‐related diseases will ultimately result in a better management of these diseases.
Journal Article
Novel Thermal Diffusion Temperature Engineering Leading to High Thermoelectric Performance in Bi2Te3‐Based Flexible Thin‐Films
Flexible Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric devices can function as power generators for powering wearable electronics or chip‐sensors for internet‐of‐things. However, the unsatisfied performance of n‐type Bi2Te3 flexible thin films significantly limits their wide application. In this study, a novel thermal diffusion method is employed to fabricate n‐type Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films on flexible polyimide substrates, where Te embeddings can be achieved by tuning the thermal diffusion temperature and correspondingly result in an energy filtering effect at the Bi2Te3/Te interfaces. The energy filtering effect can lead to a high Seebeck coefficient ≈160 µV K−1 as well as high carrier mobility of ≈200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room‐temperature. Consequently, an ultrahigh room‐temperature power factor of 14.65 µW cm−1 K−2 can be observed in the Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films prepared at the diffusion temperature of 623 K. A thermoelectric sensor is also assembled through integrating the n‐type Bi2Te3 flexible thin films with p‐type Sb2Te3 counterparts, which can fast reflect finger‐touch status and demonstrate the applicability of as‐prepared Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films. This study indicates that the thermal diffusion method is an effective way to fabricate high‐performance and applicable flexible Te‐embedded Bi2Te3‐based thin films.
In this study, flexible n‐type Bi2Te3‐based thin‐films are successfully prepared through facile thermal diffusion method and further induce Te/Bi2Te3 heterojunctions and energy filtering effect at the Te/Bi2Te3 interfaces to optimize the thermoelectric performance through tuning the diffusion temperature.
Journal Article