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Background: Rising sedentary behavior and declining physical activity (PA) among youth are major public health concerns. Evidence on how different PA types affect fitness in Chinese children is limited. PA indicators were classified according to the Global Matrix 4.0, an international framework for benchmarking PA in children and adolescents. Objective: To identify which PA types and frequencies, based on the Global Matrix 4.0, are most associated with physical fitness in Chinese youth. Methods: Data from 102,942 children aged 9–18 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics summarized demographics, PA levels, and physical fitness rates. Chi-square tests assessed group differences. Binary logistic regression examined associations between PA and physical fitness, adjusting for gender, age, school level, parental education, and urban–rural residence, with cluster-robust standard errors at the school level. Results: Higher frequencies of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE), and organized sports and physical activity (OSPA) were significantly associated with better fitness (p < 0.001). OSPA (OR = 1.23) and MSE (OR = 1.21) showed the strongest associations. Sedentary behavior was negatively associated with fitness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Regular engagement in MVPA, MSE, and OSPA, alongside reduced sedentary time, promotes physical fitness among Chinese children and adolescents. Policies should support diverse and consistent PA participation.

Interfacial solar evaporation, which captures solar energy and localizes the absorbed heat for water evaporation, is considered a promising technology for seawater desalination and solar energy conversion. However, it is currently limited by its low photothermal conversion efficiency, salt accumulation, and poor reliability. Herein, inspired by human intestinal villi structure, we design and fabricate a novel intestinal villi‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes solar steam generator (N‐CNTs SSG) consisting of three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical carbon nanotube matrices for ultrahigh solar evaporation efficiency. The 3D matrices with radial direction nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube clusters achieve ultrahigh surface area, photothermal efficiency, and hydrophilicity, which significantly intensifies the whole interfacial solar evaporation process. The new solar evaporation efficiency reaches as high as 96.8%. Furthermore, our ab initio molecular dynamics simulation reveals that N‐doped carbon nanotubes exhibit a greater number of electronic states in close proximity to the Fermi level when compared to pristine carbon nanotubes. The outstanding absorptivity in the full solar spectrum and high solar altitude angles of the 3D hierarchical carbon nanotube matrices offer great potential to enable ultrahigh photothermal conversion under all‐day and all‐season circumstances. Inspired by the intestinal villi structure and quasi‐blackbody feature of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes, a novel intestinal villi‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes solar steam generator (N‐CNTs SSG) was designed and fabricated. Benefitting from the multi‐reflection and diffuse reflection, the novel N‐CNTs SSG achieves multi‐angle all‐weather sunlight absorption and unprecedentedly high solar evaporation efficiency of 96.8%.

Modified polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA-IA) was prepared by grafting itaconic acid (IA) on polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA), which was applied to inhibit the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) scale in oilfield environment. The increase of the carboxylic acid group enhances the chelating effect on calcium ions, which leads to the inhibition effect. The effects of temperature, scale inhibitor concentration and salt content on scale inhibition performance were investigated. The results show that in the static scale inhibition experiment, PESA-IA has good inhibition effect on CaCO 3 scale sample, and the scale inhibition efficiency increases gradually as the temperature decreases and the concentration increases. When the temperature is 50 ℃ and the concentration is 100 mg/L, the scale inhibition efficiency reaches 98.84%. When the temperature is 70 ℃ and the concentration is 60 mg/L, the inhibition effect of scale inhibitor on CaCO 3 scale increases with the salt content. The effect showed a trend of first increasing and then slightly decreasing, reaching a maximum value of 84.78% at 16 g/L, and the scale inhibition performance of PESA-IA was significantly better than that of PESA improved by 13.6%. The morphology, structure and composition of the scale samples were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and EDS energy spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics (MD) method was used to simulate the interaction between PESA-IA and CaCO 3 crystalline surface at different temperatures. The results show that the binding energy decreases as the temperature of the system increases, and the reaction between polymer molecules and CaCO 3 crystals in the system can be seen by increasing the time step and the concentration of water molecules in X, Y, Z direction, and the calculated results are consistent with the experimental phenomena.

To modulate nonlinear optical (NLO) effects of crystalline material holds great application potential in the photoelectronic and optical fields. Organic configurationally‐locked polyene represents an exciting NLO family with large second harmonic generation (SHG) effects, whereas it is a huge blank to switch and modulate their NLO property through external stimuli. For the first time, here present unusual thermo‐enhanced SHG activities are presented in a polyene‐based NLO compound, 2‐3‐[2‐(4‐pyrrolidinphenyl)vinyl]‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enylidenemalononitrile (1), giving a record‐high magnitude of SHG enhancement up to ≈170% during its isomorphic phase transition. Theoretical analysis discloses this behavior stems from the reduced degree of torsion in the π‐conjugated structures in 1, as verified by dihedral angles between its pyrrolidine and phenyl planes. As the first study on thermo‐enhanced SHG properties of organic crystals, this work affords a new avenue of modulating physical properties to fabricate high‐performance photoelectronic and optical devices. The unprecedented thermo‐enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) response is achieved in an organic configurationally‐locked polyene nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, ascribed to the decrease of torsion degree of the π‐conjugated bridge induced by the molecular dynamic motions. This work paves a new pathway to develop smart photoelectronics devices.

Heterostructure single crystals have emerged as a significant functional material system due to their unique properties and potential for novel optoelectronic device applications. Particularly, their distinctive structural characteristics offer promising prospects for suppressing ion migration, which is highly advantageous for X‐ray detection. Herein, by gradually modifying the cyclohexylmethylamine cation into the 4‐aminomethyltetrahydropyran cation, a layered heterostructure single crystal (PbCl2)2(4‐Aminomethyltetrahydropyran)2PbCl4 is successfully obtained. It comprises two distinct inorganic frameworks, namely a perovskite layer built from PbCl₆ octahedra and an intergrowth layer consisting of PbCl₂ units, wherein the organic components are firmly anchored to the intergrowth layer via Pb─O bonds, thereby enhancing the crystal stability and effectively suppressing ion migration, as evidenced by high ion migration activation energy (1.64 eV) and extremely low dark current drift (2.86 × 10−18 A cm−1 V−1 s−1). X‐ray devices based on the ultra‐stable heterostructure single crystal demonstrate an extraordinary sensitivity of 8453.3 µC Gy−1 cm−2 (at 40 V), ultra‐low detection limit of 5.2 nGy s−1 and superior air stability (≈1 year). Such values make it one of the most outstanding candidates for high‐performance X‐ray detection. This work promotes the development of heterostructure single crystals optoelectronic applications. This work reports a 2D heterostructure single crystal composed of two distinct inorganic frameworks, of which the ion migration is effectively inhibited by the strong interaction between organic components and inorganic layers. Such merits enable highly sensitive ultra‐stable X‐ray detection performances and highlight the potential of heterostructure single crystals for X‐ray applications.

Background: The prognosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) is poor at high altitudes. The objective of this study was to explore whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can improve the results of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging and the neurological function of patients with HICH, and effect of hemoglobin concentration on therapeutic effect. Method: The patients with HICH were treated with puncture and drainage. Some patients were treated with HBO after the operation, and the other patients received conventional treatment. CTP was detected twice, and all indices were measured. Scatter plots were used to determine the effect of hemoglobin concentration on CTP imaging. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the effects of hemoglobin concentration and hematoma volume on recovery results. The patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: Forty-one patients with HICH were treated with puncture and drainage. In total, 21 were treated with HBO after the operation, and 20 received conventional treatment as the control group. No significant differences in the CBV and CBF values of the two groups were noted before treatment. After 10 days, the values of CBV and CBF in the HBO group were significantly higher than those in the control group. A scatter diagram showed there was no significant in the HBO group, but significant correlation for the CBV and CBF values of the hematoma center, margin in the control group. The ROC curves showed that and hematoma volume had a influence on prognosis of the control group. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GOS) scores of the HBO group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: HBO therapy can improve the postoperative CBV and CBF values of patients with HICH and ameliorate their prognoses. There was no significant correlation between HBO group and hemoglobin concentration on admission.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disease. Atorvastatin calcium can increase CSDH absorption. However, whether atorvastatin can increase hematoma absorption and reduce recurrence at high altitudes is not clear. After burr-hole drainage, CSDH patients were divided into an atorvastatin group and a control group. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) was performed on day 1, months 1, 2, and 3 after surgery. Then, the recurrence rate, poor therapeutic effect, time to recurrence, poor surgical result, recurrence with operation, CSDH volume, and Markwalder grading scale score (MGSS) were calculated, and related risk factors were analyzed. The non-recurrent and recurrent patients in the control group differed significantly in terms of the hemoglobin concentration (HB) [176.24 ± 16.43 vs. 194.25 ± 12.34 (g/L), < 0.01], CT value [41.92 ± 10.76 vs. 34.12 ± 8.78 (Hu), < 0.01], and low-density time [3.88 ± 1.04 vs. 5.50 ± 0.87 (d), < 0.01]. The non-recurrent and recurrent patients in the atorvastatin group differed significantly in terms of the HB [172.66 ± 16.41 vs. 190.45 ± 10.23 (g/L), < 0.01], CT value [38.91 ± 7.16 vs. 29.50 ± 8.61 (Hu), < 0.01], and mixed [2 vs. 4 (n), < 0.05] and low-density time [4.09 ± 0.75 vs. 5.45 ± 1.12 (d), < 0.01]. The logistic regression analysis showed that HB [odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.25 in the control group, odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23 in the atorvastatin group] and low-density time (odds ratio, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.42-8.74 in the control group, odds ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.10-5.80 in the atorvastatin group) were possible risk factors for the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for the HB, CT value (Hu), and low-density time were 0.812, 0.702, and 0.755 for all subjects; 0.812, 0.719, and 0.790 for the control group; and 0.807, 0.682, and 0.756 for the atorvastatin group, respectively. The postoperative follow-up results showed that there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate, poor therapeutic effect, time to recurrence, poor surgical result, recurrence with operation, CSDH volume, or MGSS between the two groups. The effect of atorvastatin was not significant after the operation. The risk factors for CSDH recurrence were the HB and low-density time. The HB was the most specific and sensitive predictor of CSDH recurrence.

Statins, known for their lipid-lowering effects, also have immunomodulatory properties. This study aims to examine whether systematic simvastatin administration could decrease polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) infiltration into brain tissue, as well as alleviate neuroinflammation in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The ICH model was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by an injection of autologous blood. Animals randomly received simvastatin (i.p. 2 mg/kg) or vehicle daily from 5 days before ICH until sacrificed. Routine blood counts, brain water content, neurological scoring, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR were conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin following ICH. Furthermore, flow cytometric and western blotting analysis were implemented for elucidating the mechanisms involved in simvastatin-induced reduction of neutrophil brain-invading. Elevated PMNs count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in circulation were detected in rat model of ICH, which was reversed by using simvastatin. Simvastatin effectively alleviated PMNs infiltration and proinflammatory factors release in perihematomal area, as well as attenuated ICH-induced brain edema and neurological deficits. Simvastatin significantly downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic protein-Mcl-1 while increased the level of proapoptotic protein-Bax and cleaved caspase 3 in PMNs. Simvastatin treatment significantly alleviated PMNs brain-infiltrating and subsequent neuroinflammatory reaction after ICH, in part by accelerating peripheral PMNs apoptosis through disorganized the expression of apoptotic related proteins. Our data provided new evidence for simvastatin application on patients with ICH.

•Irregular sign, black hole sign, blend sign, dehydration were risk factors for ETE group.•Dehydration, systolic blood pressure and low density band were risk factors for FTE group.•Low density band ≥ 5 mm was found to be a risk factor for the first time. To elucidate the relationship between the risk factors and hematoma expansion(HE)shapes. From February 2013 to November 2018, 60 patients diagnosed as basal ganglia ICH were divided into the filled type hematoma expansion group (FTE group) and the expanded type hematoma expansion group (ETE group). we performed follow-up CT and three-dimensional reconstruction for the patients and compared the hematoma before and after the expansion of size and extent. The regression analysis showed that the irregular sign (odds ratio, 3.64; 95 % CI, 1.46–9.12), black hole sign (odds ratio, 3.85; 95 % CI, 1.40–10.60), blend sign (odds ratio, 2.86; 95 % CI, 1.03–7.95), and early use of dehydration (odds ratio, 4.59; 95 % CI, 1.59–13.19) were possible risk factors for the ETE group, while the high systolic blood pressure (odds ratio, 1.51; 95 % CI, 1.04–2.30), early use of dehydration (odds ratio, 3.27; 95 % CI, 1.10–9.69) and low density low-density band (odds ratio, 4.52; 95 % CI, 1.54–13.28) were possible risk factors for the FTE group. The irregular sign, black hole sign, blend sign and early use of dehydration may be the main risk factors for ETE, whereas early use of dehydration, high systolic blood pressure, and low density low-density band may be the main risk factors for FTE.

The insufficient availability and activity of interfacial water remain a major challenge for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we propose an “on-site disruption and near-site compensation” strategy to reform the interfacial water hydrogen bonding network via deliberate cation penetration and catalyst support engineering. This concept is validated using tip-like bimetallic RuNi nanoalloys planted on super-hydrophilic and high-curvature carbon nanocages (RuNi/NC). Theoretical simulations suggest that tip-induced localized concentration of hydrated K + facilitates optimization of interfacial water dynamics and intermediate adsorption. In situ synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy endorses an H* spillover-bridged Volmer‒Tafel mechanism synergistically relayed between Ru and Ni. Consequently, RuNi/NC exhibits low overpotential of 12 mV and high durability of 1600 h at 10 mA cm ‒2 for alkaline HER, and demonstrates high performance in both water electrolysis and chlor-alkali electrolysis. This strategy offers a microscopic perspective on catalyst design for manipulation of the local interfacial water structure toward enhanced HER kinetics. A RuNi/NC catalyst with optimized interfacial water dynamics for alkaline H 2 evolution is reported. The designed strategy shows enhanced catalytic activity by achieving 12 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm ‒2 and 13.6-fold higher mass activity than Pt/C.