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"Wei, Miao"
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The microbiota and microbiome in pancreatic cancer: more influential than expected
Microbiota is just beginning to be recognized as an important player in carcinogenesis and the interplay among microbes is greater than expected. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease for which mortality closely parallels incidence. Early detection would provide the best opportunity to increase survival rates. Specific well-studied oral, gastrointestinal, and intrapancreatic microbes and some kinds of hepatotropic viruses and bactibilia may have potential etiological roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis, or modulating individual responses to oncotherapy. Concrete mechanisms mainly involve perpetuating inflammation, regulating the immune system-microbe-tumor axis, affecting metabolism, and altering the tumor microenvironment. The revolutionary technology of omics has generated insight into cancer microbiomes. A better understanding of the microbiota in PDAC might lead to the establishment of screening or early-stage diagnosis methods, implementation of cancer bacteriotherapy, adjustment of therapeutic efficacy even alleviating the adverse effects, creating new opportunities and fostering hope for desperate PDAC patients.
Journal Article
3D Metal printed compact high‐Q bandpass filter using folded groove gap waveguide resonator with modified nails
This paper first presented a novel kind of modified curved nails for building the gap waveguide. By controlling the curved degrees, the realized gap waveguide can achieve a wider electromagnetic band gap range. Subsequently, a groove gap waveguide resonator based on this was proposed that can offer the advantages of miniaturization and high unloaded quality (Qu) values, which is a good candidate for designing low‐loss filters. To further reduce the footprints while maintaining the high Qu, the concept of the folded waveguide was deployed here to construct the so‐called folded groove gap waveguide resonator for the first time. Then, a 4‐pole filter based on the folded groove gap waveguide resonator was designed to validate the possibilities. The designed filter showed comparable performance as its counterparts of half‐mode gap waveguide resonator but with smaller. For rapid prototyping, 3D metal printing was adopted to fabricate the filter concerning its periodical nail structures. The printing quality is acceptable, and the tested results agreed well with the simulated ones. This paper proposed the concaved cylinder nail to construct the gap waveguide, which achieved a much wider stopband range. Then, it is applied to build groove gap waveguide resonator, which obtained a smaller size and low loss. Furthermore, the folded groove gap waveguide resonator was presented for the first time to reduce the footprints and to maintain the high‐Qu. One 4‐pole filter is designed based on the folded groove gap waveguide resonator. For rapid experimental validation, 3D metal printing technology was used to fabricate the filter, and the tested results achieved relatively consistent results with the simulated ones.
Journal Article
Challenges Threatening Agricultural Sustainability in Central Asia: Status and Prospect
Agriculture provides humanity with the most basic products to sustain life and raw materials for production, closely linking human society and nature together. The sustainable development of agriculture, an inevitable choice to maintain long-term social stability, steady economic growth, and ecological security, is the key to the coordinated development of the economy, society, and environment in developing Central Asia economies. We attempted to evaluate the trend of agricultural sustainability in Central Asia between 2002 and 2017 by adopting analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method in this study. It was found that the overall sustainability level of regional agriculture is rising, which is mainly driven by economic progress, with social and ecological dimensions contributing much less. Accordingly, we advanced four suggestions: enhancing water productivity, optimizing planting techniques, improving agricultural cooperatives, and promoting digital land management to boost the agricultural sustainability of the region.
Journal Article
Involvement of the secreted protein Metrnl in human diseases
Metrnl, a secreted protein expressed in white adipose tissue, has been identified as a novel adipokine. It is also highly expressed in barrier tissues, including the skin, intestinal and respiratory tract epithelium in both mice and humans. Research shows that its expression is upregulated by inflammation, chronic high-fat diets, exercise, cold exposure, etc., and it plays important roles in promoting neurite extension, enhancing white fat browning, improving insulin sensitivity, modulating lipid metabolism and regulating inflammatory response, the latter implying Metrnl is a new cytokine. These studies suggest that Metrnl could be a promising biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the related diseases. For proving this, clinical studies need to be performed to bridge the gap between bench and bedside. In this paper, we summarize the progress in recent clinical research on Metrnl. Most of these clinical studies are designed to confirm the relationship between circulating Metrnl and metabolic or cardiovascular disease (type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease), or immune inflammation-related diseases, such as colitis, psoriasis and arthritis. Although blood Metrnl seems to fluctuate and are affected by many factors, such as drugs, physical exercise, and cold exposure, these clinical studies provide reliable clues that Metrnl is associated with coronary heart disease, inflammation-related diseases, etc. Nevertheless, the roles of Metrnl in some diseases such as nervous system diseases remain unclear, and its putative involvement should be further clarified. These studies could promote the application of Metrnl in clinic as a new therapeutic target.
Journal Article
Caspr1 is a host receptor for meningitis-causing Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli
is the leading cause of neonatal Gram-negative bacterial meningitis, but the pathogenesis of
E. coli
meningitis remains elusive.
E. coli
penetration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the critical step for development of meningitis. Here, we identify Caspr1, a single-pass transmembrane protein, as a host receptor for
E. coli
virulence factor IbeA to facilitate BBB penetration. Genetic ablation of endothelial Caspr1 and blocking IbeA–Caspr1 interaction effectively prevent
E. coli
penetration into the brain during meningitis in rodents. IbeA interacts with extracellular domain of Caspr1 to activate focal adhesion kinase signaling causing
E. coli
internalization into the brain endothelial cells of BBB.
E. coli
can invade hippocampal neurons causing apoptosis dependent on IbeA–Caspr1 interaction. Our results indicate that
E. coli
exploits Caspr1 as a host receptor for penetration of BBB resulting in meningitis, and that Caspr1 might be a useful target for prevention or therapy of
E. coli
meningitis.
Penetration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for development of
E. coli
-caused meningitis. Here, the authors show that a host membrane protein, Caspr1, acts as a receptor for a bacterial virulence factor to facilitate BBB penetration and entry of
E. coli
into brain neurons.
Journal Article
A D-Band Dual-Polarized High-Gain LTCC-Based Reflectarray Antenna Using SIW Magnetoelectric-Dipole Elements
This paper presents a D-band dual linear-polarized wideband high-gain reflectarray (RA) antenna using low-temperature co-fired-ceramic (LTCC) technology. The proposed element comprises a dual-polarized magnetoelectric (ME) dipole and a multilayer slot-coupling substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) phase-delay structure, which are organized in accordance with the receiving/reradiating (R/R) principle. The coverage of phase shifts for both orthogonal polarizations is set to be greater than 360 degrees by varying the length of the phase-delay structure. For verification, a D-band 1296-element RA prototype using the proposed unit cell is fabricated and measured in a THz chamber. The measured results show that the proposed RA achieves a peak gain of 32.25 and 33.03 dBi for the two orthogonal polarizations. The measured 3 dB gain bandwidths for the two orthogonal polarizations are 122–149 GHz (20%) and 123–149 GHz (19.3%), respectively.
Journal Article
Compact and Wide-Stopband Bandpass Filter Using Hybrid Shielded EMCSIW and CSRR Resonators with a Mixed Electromagnetic Coupling Scheme
This paper presents a bandpass filter (BPF) exploiting hybrid shielded eighth-mode circular substrate-integrated waveguide (SD-EMCSIW) and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) resonators. The proposed BPF leverages the SD-EMCSIW resonator with a 45-degree angle to create a second-order BPF with a mixed electromagnetic coupling scheme. Detailed analyses of the related electromagnetic characteristics and operating mechanisms have been performed. In order to further reduce the occupied area, the CSRR structures are embedded into the SD-EMCSIW resonators. Meanwhile, extra metallic via-holes are implemented to enhance the upper-stopband performance. A transmission zero (TZ) of the second-order BPF can be placed on either the left or right side of the passband and can be flexibly adjusted. To validate the design concept, a second-order hybrid SD-EMCSIW and CSRR BPF was designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured as a specific example. The prototype operates at a center frequency f0 of 8.3 GHz with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 8.1%. Two transmission zeros are located near the right passband. The upper-stopband rejection reaches up to 15 dB at 2.85 times the center frequency f0. Both the simulated and measured results show satisfactory agreement. Meanwhile, the overall size of the proposed hybrid SD-EMCSIW and CSRR BPF is 13.5 mm × 13.0 mm (0.37λ0 × 0.36λ0), featuring a compact physical dimension in the filter design.
Journal Article