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To mitigate the significant impact of system nonlinearities, time-varying parameters, and external load disturbances on the output force of hydraulic servo systems in active hydraulic suspensions for engineering vehicles, this study proposes a beetle swarm optimization (BSO)-optimized extended state observer (ESO)-based sliding mode control (SMC) strategy. A comprehensive mathematical model of the hydraulic servo system is established, and an ESO-based SMC controller is designed, taking into account the coupled effects of chamber pressure dynamics and external loads on the uncertain output force. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously analyzed and verified using Lyapunov stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through both numerical simulations and experimental tests. For step inputs of 5000 N and 8000 N, overshoot is significantly reduced compared with the conventional proportional–integral–derivative control and the standard extended state observer-based sliding mode control, while the settling time is shortened by more than 65% in simulations and up to 75% in experiments. Under sinusoidal force excitations at frequencies of 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, and 2 Hz, the maximum tracking error, mean error, and standard deviation of the tracking error are substantially reduced, with the maximum error reduction exceeding 90%. These results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high-precision force tracking under external disturbances and pronounced system uncertainties, providing an effective solution for force control of hydraulic servo systems in active suspension applications for engineering vehicles.

Background Cisplatin (DDP) is a widely used chemotherapy drug for advanced cervical cancer (CC), but resistance poses a significant challenge. While miR-4739 has been implicated in tumor development, its specific role in regulating DDP resistance in CC remains unclear. Methods We analyzed the expression levels of miR-4739 and RHBDD2 in DDP-resistant and DDP-sensitive CC tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and assessed their correlation through Spearman’s correlation analysis. DDP-resistant CC cell lines (HeLa/DDP and SiHa/DDP) were established by gradually increasing DDP concentrations, followed by transfection with miR-4739 mimics, si-RHBDD2, or a RHBDD2 overexpression vector. A series of functional assays, including CCK-8 assay, colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assay were performed. The interaction between miR-4739 and RHBDD2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. We examined the protein levels of RHBDD2, P-gP, MRP1, cleaved caspase-3, and E-cadherin through western blot analysis. Moreover, we generated xenograft tumors by injecting stably transfected HeLa/DDP cells into mice to compare their tumorigenesis capacity. Results We observed downregulation of miR-4739 and upregulation of RHBDD2 in DDP-resistant CC tissues and cell lines. MiR-4739 was shown to directly bind to RHBDD2 gene sequences to repress RHBDD2 expression in HeLa/DDP and SiHa/DDP cells. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpressing miR-4739 overcame DDP resistance in CC cells by targeting RHBDD2. Furthermore, RHBDD2 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-4739 mimics on drug-resistance-related proteins (P-gP and MRP1) and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and E-cadherin in HeLa/DDP cells. Conclusions In summary, our study revealed that miR-4739 can reverse DDP resistance by modulating RHBDD2 in CC cells.

The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) classification formalized routine molecular profiling, and DNA-methylation studies have since delineated PLAG-family–altered CNS entities: PLAGL1 fusion–positive supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors (NET_PLAGL1) and embryonal tumors with PLAGL1/PLAGL2 amplification. PLAG1 fusions with diverse partners have been reported in CNS embryonal tumors, but have not been described in supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors to date. We describe two pediatric supratentorial ependymal tumors with novel PLAG1 fusions that do not match any 2021 WHO-defined entity or any PLAG-family–related entity recently reported in the literature. Case 1 (4-year-old boy) had a 7.6-cm left lateral ventricular mass with edema and heterogeneous enhancement; gross total resection was performed without adjuvant therapy (alive at 8 months). Histology showed diffusely low cellularity with small- to medium-sized round nuclei, minimal atypia, and focal calcifications; no ependymal rosettes, branching vessels, or clear-cell change. Tumor cells were positive for GFAP and H3K27me3, and negative for Desmin, EMA, OLIG2, L1CAM, NF-κB and H3K27M. The MIB-1 labeling index was ~ 5%. RNA-seq identified TNC::PLAG1 fusion; FISH showed PLAG1 rearrangement. DNA methylation clustered with spinal subependymoma, despite supratentorial location. Case 2 (4-year-old girl) had a 1.4 × 1.1 cm left parahippocampal lesion; resected without adjuvant therapy (alive at 4 months). Histology showed low-to-moderate cellularity with diffuse microcystic change, focal clear/vacuolated cells, and delicate branching vessels. Tumor cells were positive for GFAP, EMA, L1CAM, H3K27me3 and ATRX, and negative for EMA, Desmin, NF-κB, OLIG2, H3K27M, and CD34 (MIB-1 ~ 2%). RNA-seq identified TXNIP::PLAG1 fusion. Methylation did not reach a class threshold. Both cases ultimately warrant a final diagnosis of ependymal tumor, not elsewhere classified. To our knowledge, TNC::PLAG1 and TXNIP::PLAG1 are first-ever fusions reported in any tumor type. They also represent the first PLAG1 fusions identified in pediatric supratentorial ependymal tumors. These cases highlight the value of integrating histology, methylation profiling, and fusion detection, and suggest a new candidate supratentorial ependymal subtype with PLAG1 fusions, pending validation in larger series.

To assess the effect of catalpol, the major bioactive constituents of , on our Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. We employed the immortalized lymphocytes (lymphoblastoid cell line, LCL) from late-onset AD patients and co-cultured \"them\" to mimic the pathological process of late-onset AD and investigated the effect of catalpol on our AD model. In the co-culture model, AD-derived LCL triggered excessive Aβ1-42 in SKNMC cells due to its high levels of oxidative stress and resulted in neuronal oxidative stress injury through inhibiting Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Treatment with catalpol and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, prevented the AD LCL-induced Aβ1-42 overproduction and reduced the level of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP)-C99. Catalpol and NAC also enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced apoptosis in SKNMC cells co-cultured with AD LCL. The anti-oxidative effect of catalpol was antagonized by ML385, the Nrf2 inhibitor. Therefore, we speculate that the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of catalpol are mediated by activating the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Catalpol affects the anti-Aβ generation and the antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties in the AD co-cultured model. So, it might be a novel natural drug and offer a potential therapeutic approach for AD.

Purpose Green innovation and green acquisition are key green marketing strategies. This paper aims to explore and compare the drivers of green acquisition and green innovation strategies firms adopt. Moreover, the moderating role of top management team (TMT) sustainability commitment is investigated. Design/methodology/approach The research model used secondary data based on 1,565 firm-year observations in the beverage and food industry in the US. The two-stage control function approach was used for data analysis. Findings Media attention motivates firms to pursue both green innovation and green acquisition. The TMT sustainability commitment plays a pivotal moderating role. It strengthens the link between environmental regulation stringency and green innovation but weakens the impact of media attention on green acquisition. Practical implications Managers can leverage the study’s findings to guide sustainable marketing decisions in response to environmental regulations and media scrutiny. Policymakers and investors can encourage firms to adopt more sustainable practices, helping align corporate strategies with Sustainable Development Goals 9 and 12. Originality/value Though green innovation determinants are extensively studied, most studies rely on surveys or qualitative methods rather than secondary data. Also, as an alternative to developing in-house green technologies or products, the drivers of green acquisition remain unclear despite its growing prevalence. This study addresses both gaps in the sustainable marketing literature.

Polpyrrole (PPy)/Ag nanocomposites were successfully synthesized at the interface of water and ionic liquid by one-step UV-induced polymerization. Highly dispersed PPy/Ag nanoparticles were obtained by controlling the experimental conditions. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the UV-induced interface polymerization leaded to the formation of PPy incorporating silver nanoparticles. It was also found that the electrical conductivity of PPy/Ag nanocomposite was about 100 times higher than that of pure PPy.

Multiparty quantum communication is an important branch of quantum networks. It enables private information transmission with information-theoretic security among legitimate parties. We propose a sender-controlled measurement-device-independent multiparty quantum communication protocol. The sender Alice divides a private message into several parts and delivers them to different receivers for secret sharing with imperfect measurement devices and untrusted ancillary nodes. Furthermore, Alice acts as an active controller and checks the security of quantum channels and the reliability of each receiver before she encodes her private message for secret sharing, which makes the protocol convenient for multiparity quantum communication.

In the framework of sublinear expectations, we prove the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type weak law of large numbers for an array of row-wise weakly negatively dependent (WND) random variables. Moreover, we obtain the strong law of large numbers for linear processes generated by WND random variables. Our theorems extend the existed achievements of the law of large numbers under sublinear expectations.

Although the anticancer effects of Huaier extract have been widely investigated, including anti-proliferate, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activities, the mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate the inhibitory effect of Huaier extract on tumor growth in cervical cancer cells and its molecular mechanisms. Cell viability and motility were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony assays, migration, and invasive assays, respectively. The distribution of the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Huaier inhibited cell viability of SiHa and C33A cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner; cell migration and invasiveness were also suppressed; Huaier was able to cause G2/M cell cycle arrest in C33A cells. The western blot results confirmed Huaier dose-dependently increased expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-38 and downregulated the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in a time- and dose-dependently manner. In vivo experiments showed that Huaier significantly suppressed the tumor volume of SiHa cell xenografts. These data suggest that Huaier may inhibit tumor proliferation in cervical cancer via the JNK/p38 signaling pathway.