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"Wei, Zhao"
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NLRP3 Inflammasome—A Key Player in Antiviral Responses
The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an oligomeric complex comprised of the NOD-like receptor NLRP3, the adaptor ASC, and caspase-1. This complex is crucial to the host's defense against microbes as it promotes IL-1β and IL-18 secretion and induces pyroptosis. NLRP3 recognizes variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated during viral replication that triggers the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent antiviral immune responses and facilitates viral eradication. Meanwhile, several viruses have evolved elaborate strategies to evade the immune system by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we will focus on the crosstalk between the NLRP3 inflammasome and viruses, provide an overview of viral infection-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the immune escape strategies of viruses through their modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
Journal Article
المتاحف الصينية /
يتناول كتاب (المتاحف الصينية) والذي قام بتأليفه (لي شيا نياو، لوه تشهون) في حوالي (195) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (المتاحف) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : قراءة حضارة الأمة الصينية من المتاحف-الكنوز في الوطن-المساهمات من الأقليات القومية في الصين-البحث عن أصل التاريخ-كنوز الكهوف الحجرية الصينية-القصورتحت الأرض-الحضارة الصينية-البلوارت الإنسانية-أم الحدائق-موطن الأسلاف-السماء السوداء والأرض الصفراء.
Book
Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy biomarkers: from traditional markers to multimodal integration and dynamic monitoring
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an intractable cancer marked by delayed diagnosis, rapid progression, and significant resistance to current treatments. Conventional biomarkers, such as CA19-9, have insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, the practical use of newer markers such as the tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability is limited by the absence of standardized testing protocols and definitive threshold values. Circulating tumor DNA and exosomal miRNA hold promise for continuously tracking tumor dynamics and effectiveness of immunotherapy, but additional validation is necessary before their routine clinical application. Recent advancements in multiomics, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence have opened new possibilities for more accurate and comprehensive biomarkers. For instance, Shah et al. developed shortwave-infrared-emitting nanoprobes to specifically target CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, permitting high-sensitivity in vivo imaging in breast cancer models. Batool et al. utilized nanoplasmonic sensors to detect changes in serum programmed death-ligand 1 and cytokine levels within 1–2 weeks post-treatment, achieving picomolar sensitivity. Chang et al. combined fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging in the NanoTrackThera platform, facilitating the real-time monitoring of immunotherapy efficacy. This review highlights the evolution of PDAC biomarkers from traditional markers to multimodal integration and dynamic monitoring. The limitations of current markers and potential of emerging technologies, including metabolic reprogramming markers, epigenetic regulators, and AI-driven predictive models, are discussed. Future directions include multicenter prospective trials to validate multimodal models, standardize detection methods, and increase interdisciplinary collaboration. By integrating genomic, epigenetic, metabolic, and microbiome data, these models can better capture the complexity of PDAC, thereby improving patient outcomes through precision immunotherapy.
Journal Article
Genomic analyses of 10,376 individuals in the Westlake BioBank for Chinese (WBBC) pilot project
We initiate the Westlake BioBank for Chinese (WBBC) pilot project with 4,535 whole-genome sequencing (WGS) individuals and 5,841 high-density genotyping individuals, and identify 81.5 million SNPs and INDELs, of which 38.5% are absent in dbSNP Build 151. We provide a population-specific reference panel and an online imputation server (
https://wbbc.westlake.edu.cn/
) which could yield substantial improvement of imputation performance in Chinese population, especially for low-frequency and rare variants. By analyzing the singleton density of the WGS data, we find selection signatures in
SNX29
,
DNAH1
and
WDR1
genes, and the derived alleles of the alcohol metabolism genes (
ADH1A
and
ADH1B
) emerge around 7,000 years ago and tend to be more common from 4,000 years ago in East Asia. Genetic evidence supports the corresponding geographical boundaries of the Qinling-Huaihe Line and Nanling Mountains, which separate the Han Chinese into subgroups, and we reveal that North Han was more homogeneous than South Han.
Biobanks of genetic data have been primarily in European populations, which gives us an incomplete understanding of complex traits across populations. Here, the authors initiate the Westlake BioBank for Chinese (WBBC) pilot project with 4,535 whole genome sequences and 5,841 high-density genotypes from China, characterizing large-scale genomic variation in Chinese populations.
Journal Article
Recent developments and applications of chemical mechanical polishing
This article discusses advanced developments and applications of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) published recently in the selected papers indexed by Web of Science. The topics covered are advances in slurry and abrasives, pads and conditioning, CMP for semiconductor device manufacturing, CMP for other applications, modeling and simulations, and CMP with ultrasonic vibrations, lasers, photocatalysts, or UV lamps. Nonspherical abrasive particles have been developed for CMP, resulting in increased material removal rates (MRRs). Advanced conditioning methods have been proposed to uniformly generate pad surface shapes. Fixed abrasive CMP has advantages with higher MRRs. New models for designing the pad and conditioner have been proposed, and more uniform pad shapes can be obtained. Integrated advanced process control improves the wafer-to-wafer variation. Dental implants treated by CMP perform equally or better than the baseline-machined implants and the biphasic calcium phosphate-treated implants. The slurry distribution and the abrasive behavior can be simulated by means of multiphase modeling. Molecular dynamics simulations can explore the mechanism of CMP. CMP of wafers can be simulated using an atomic force microscope with its tapping mode. Theoretical models have been developed to calculate removal depths, study the chemical action in CMP, and explore the crystal orientation effects. CMP assisted by ultrasonic vibrations increases CMP MRRs and lowers the roughness of polished surfaces. CMP assisted by using UV lamp power, femtosecond lasers, or photocatalysts enhances CMP MRRs.
Journal Article
Impact of uncertain demand and channel power on dual channel supply chain decisions
The paper aims to conduct an analysis of pricing strategies in a dual channel supply chain under external uncertainty, utilizing Interval numbers theory and Game theory as the theoretical basis. The focus is on maximizing the expected profits of manufacturers and retailers. Four models are considered: centralized decision-making, manufacturer’s Stackelberg, retailer’s Stackelberg strategy, and vertical Nash model, with the decision variable being the product price. By solving the game model, the paper compares the optimal decisions under the four models and conducts sensitivity analysis to reflect the influence of key parameters and analyze their relationships. The ultimate goal is to optimize profits under various circumstances by adjusting market potential and price parameters to determine the best price level. The findings suggest that decision-maker’s risk indicators have a greater impact on decision results when market demand is less sensitive to price, and that the size of the market has a negative correlation with the impact of decision-maker’s risk indicators on decision results.
Journal Article
The Crosstalk Mechanisms Between Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis and Their Applications in Diseases: From Molecular Networks to Clinical Strategies
Ferroptosis and pyroptosis are two distinct forms of regulated cell death that play crucial roles in cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases. Ferroptosis is characterised by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation, while pyroptosis is an inflammatory cell death mediated by gasdermin proteins. Recent studies reveal extensive crosstalk between these pathways. This review establishes the first hierarchical framework coupling the autophagy bridge function (ferritinophagy‐mitophagy‐cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) axis) with the p53/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) transcriptional hub, creating a unified decision‐making network absent in prior reviews. Crosstalk mechanisms include the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) positive feedback loop, caspase cross‐activation, and iron metabolism‐inflammasome integration. Preclinically, the transferrin‐targeted nanosystem Tf‐LipoMof@PL increased intratumoral iron/ROS 3–5‐fold, inducing robust antitumour immunity, while Ginsenoside Rh3 suppressed colorectal cancer growth in vivo via STAT3/p53/NRF2‐mediated dual death induction. We critically address STAT3's paradoxical roles—promoting Gasdermin E (GSDME)‐mediated pyroptosis in oesophageal cancer while suppressing NLRP3 via suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) feedback in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)—highlighting cell type‐specific feedback architectures that dictate phenotypic outcomes. For therapeutic translation, we propose a Translational Priority Matrix ranking nanodelivery systems (Tf‐LipoMof@PL) and dual‐function small molecules (N6F11) as the highest priority for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA)/triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), while deprioritising metal photosensitizers pending resolution of cardiac retention toxicity (0.8 μg/g myocardium in Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) studies). The “registration gap” stems from iron burst‐release (> 80% within 30 min) and species‐specific biomarker failures. We advocate replacing murine malondialdehyde (MDA)/glutathione (GSH) ratios with human‐anchored metrics (ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1)/solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) expression, serum ferritin) and propose a “Cross‐Death AI Platform” integrating network pharmacology (OmniPath/STRING), GraphSAGE deep learning (AlphaFold2 structures), and organoid validation to stratify patients and predict optimal drug combinations. By resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity and implementing AI‐guided precision medicine, we can transform multi‐target interventions from empirical strategies into rational, patient‐specific regimens, bridging the gap between preclinical promise and clinical success in cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal Article