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"Weiss, M"
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Spatially resolved transcriptomics reveals the architecture of the tumor-microenvironment interface
During tumor progression, cancer cells come into contact with various non-tumor cell types, but it is unclear how tumors adapt to these new environments. Here, we integrate spatially resolved transcriptomics, single-cell RNA-seq, and single-nucleus RNA-seq to characterize tumor-microenvironment interactions at the tumor boundary. Using a zebrafish model of melanoma, we identify a distinct “interface” cell state where the tumor contacts neighboring tissues. This interface is composed of specialized tumor and microenvironment cells that upregulate a common set of cilia genes, and cilia proteins are enriched only where the tumor contacts the microenvironment. Cilia gene expression is regulated by ETS-family transcription factors, which normally act to suppress cilia genes outside of the interface. A cilia-enriched interface is conserved in human patient samples, suggesting it is a conserved feature of human melanoma. Our results demonstrate the power of spatially resolved transcriptomics in uncovering mechanisms that allow tumors to adapt to new environments.
During tumor progression, cancer cells contact different neighboring cell types, but it is unclear how these interactions affect cancer cell behavior. Here, the authors use spatially resolved transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-seq to study the role of cilia at the tumormicroenvironment interface.
Journal Article
Abstraction and Detail in Experimental Design
Political scientists designing experiments often face the question of how abstract or detailed their experimental stimuli should be. Typically, this question is framed in terms of trade-offs relating to experimental control and generalizability: the more context introduced into studies, the less control, and the more difficulty generalizing the results. Yet, we have reason to question this trade-off, and there is relatively little systematic evidence to rely on when calibrating the degree of abstraction in studies. We make two contributions. First, we provide a theoretical framework that identifies and considers the consequences of three dimensions of abstraction in experimental design: situational hypotheticality, actor identity, and contextual detail. Second, we replicate and extend three survey experiments, varying these levels of abstraction. We find no evidence that situational hypotheticality substantively changes results in any of our studies, but do find that increased contextual detail dampens treatment effects, and that the salience of actor identities moderates results in our endorsement experiment.
Journal Article
Tits polygons
We introduce the notion of a Tits polygon, a generalization of the notion of a Moufang polygon, and show that Tits polygons arise in
a natural way from certain configurations of parabolic subgroups in an arbitrary spherical buildings satisfying the Moufang condition.
We establish numerous basic properties of Tits polygons and characterize a large class of Tits hexagons in terms of Jordan algebras. We
apply this classification to give a “rank
eBook
Temperature and CO2 concentration in honey bee hives exhibit circadian rhythms
Worker honey bees exhibit circadian rhythms with respect to locomotor activity but circadian analyses have seldom been applied to colony-level behavior. Circadian rhythms have been defined as having three main characteristics: a period of approximately 24 h maintained in the absence of external cues; a period maintained over a range of temperatures; and a phase fixed by external cues from the environment. In this study honey bee colonies were subjected to two kinds of light regimes at 5 °C in a cold storage unit (CSU): (1) constant darkness; and (2) after 6–12 d constant darkness, 12 h light exposure from 6PM to 6AM (i.e. a phase approximately 12 h offset from ambient conditions). Periodogram analyses of data from the 1st light regime showed that temperature and CO
2
concentration had stable 24 h periods after 20 d, as was observed for colonies in warmer temperatures in outside conditions. Period strength of temperature decreased over time in the CSU but not CO
2
. Cosinor analyses of data from the 2nd light regime showed a temperature phase change of about 9 h 37 min between the end of the CSU period, after 28–33 d in light regime, and after 7–12 d in outdoor conditions in the post-CSU period. The same comparison for CO
2
concentration showed a phase change of about 11 h 55 min. These data indicated honey bee colonies produced circadian rhythms in hive temperature and CO
2
concentration with periods both present in the absence of external cues, and with phases that can be driven by light. Rhythms associated with CO
2
concentration changed with respect to light treatment more than rhythms associated with hive temperature. Based on data from longer-term (60 d) experiments, daily rhythm phases and day lengths differed significantly between hive temperature and CO
2
after 15 d in the 12 l:12D light regime, and remained so in outdoor conditions.
Journal Article
Descent in Buildings (AM-190)
Descent in Buildings begins with the resolution of a major open question about the local structure of Bruhat-Tits buildings. The authors then put their algebraic solution into a geometric context by developing a general fixed point theory for groups acting on buildings of arbitrary type, giving necessary and sufficient conditions for the residues fixed by a group to form a kind of subbuilding or \"form\" of the original building. At the center of this theory is the notion of a Tits index, a combinatorial version of the notion of an index in the relative theory of algebraic groups. These results are combined at the end to show that every exceptional Bruhat-Tits building arises as a form of a \"residually pseudo-split\" Bruhat-Tits building. The book concludes with a display of the Tits indices associated with each of these exceptional forms.This is the third and final volume of a trilogy that began with Richard Weiss' The Structure of Spherical Buildings and The Structure of Affine Buildings.
eBook