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تاريخ الأدب الصيني المعاصر
هذا أول كتاب عن تاريخ الأدب الصيني المعاصر ترجم إلى العربية من الصينية مباشرة، بعد أن لاقى اهتماما كبيرا من الأوساط الثقافية في الصين، نظرا لما يتمتع به من موسوعية. يقسم الكتاب، الأدب الصيني المعاصر إلى جزأين من ناحية النقد. حيث يصف الجزء الأول كيفية حصول قواعد أدبية محددة على الهيمنة المطلقة، بالإضافة إلى الخصائص الأساسية لهذا الشكل الأدبي، أما الجزء الثاني فيكشف الضعف التدريجي، وتفكك هذه القواعد وموقعها المسيطر، وعملية التمايز الأدبي، وإعادة تنظيم البنية الأدبية في السياق التاريخي المتغير.
Book
Pathological Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy and Photothermal Therapy Based on Nanoparticles
The ultimate goal of phototherapy based on nanoparticles, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) which generates heat and photodynamic therapy (PDT) which not only generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also induces a variety of anti-tumor immunity, is to kill tumors. In addition, due to strong efficacy in clinical treatment with minimal invasion and negligible side effects, it has received extensive attention and research in recent years. In this paper, the generations of nanomaterials in PTT and PDT are described separately. In clinical application, according to the different combination pathway of nanoparticles, it can be used to treat different diseases such as tumors, melanoma, rheumatoid and so on. In this paper, the mechanism of pathological treatment is described in detail in terms of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells by ROS produced by PDT, immunogenic cell death to provoke the maturation of dendritic cells, which in turn activate production of CD4+ T cells, CD8+T cells and memory T cells, as well as inhibiting heat shock protein (HSPs), STAT3 signal pathway and so on.
Journal Article
Ezetimibe Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation via the AMPK/Nrf2/TXNIP Pathway after MCAO in Rats
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play essential roles in ischemic stroke-induced brain injury. Previous studies have reported that Ezetimibe (Eze) exerts antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory properties in hepatocytes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Eze on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. One hundred and ninety-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Animals assigned to MCAO were given either Eze or its control. To explore the downstream signaling of Eze, the following interventions were given: AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) siRNA. Intranasal administration of Eze, 1 h post-MCAO, further increased the endogenous p-AMPK expression, reducing brain infarction, neurologic deficits, neutrophil infiltration, microglia/macrophage activation, number of dihydroethidium- (DHE-) positive cells, and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. Specifically, treatment with Eze increased the expression of p-AMPK, Nrf2, and HO-1; Romo-1, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), Cleaved Caspase-1, and IL-1β were reduced. Dorsomorphin and Nrf2 siRNA reversed the protective effects of Eze. In summary, Eze decreases oxidative stress and subsequent neuroinflammation via activation of the AMPK/Nrf2/TXNIP pathway after MCAO in rats. Therefore, Eze may be a potential therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke patients.
Journal Article
Study on detection rate of polyps and adenomas in artificial-intelligence-aided colonoscopy
Background/Aim: To study the impact of computer-aided detection (CADe) system on the detection rate of polyps and adenomas in colonoscopy.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1026 patients were prospectively randomly scheduled for colonoscopy with (the CADe group, CADe) or without (the control group, CON) the aid of the CADe system, together with visual notification and voice alarm, so as to compare the detection rate of polyp.
Results: Compared with group CON, the detection rate of adenomas increased in group CADe, the average number of adenomas increased, the number of small adenomas increased, the number of proliferative polyps increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001), but the comparison for the number of larger adenomas showed no significant difference between the groups (P> 0.05).
Conclusions: The CADe system is feasible for increasing the detection of polyps and adenomas in colonoscopy.
Journal Article
Plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a prospective seropositive population
Objective
Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is considered a biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its long-term role in NPC development is unclear.
Materials and methods
A total of 1363 participants seropositive for EBV VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA in a community-based NPC screening program in southern China were tested for plasma EBV DNA levels by real-time qPCR between 2008 and 2015. New NPC cases were confirmed by active follow-up approach and linkage to local cancer registry through the end of 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for NPC risk with plasma EBV DNA.
Results
Thirty patients were newly diagnosed during a median 7.5 years follow-up. NPC incidence increased with the plasma EBV DNA load ranging from 281.46 to 10,074.47 per 100,000 person-years in participants with undetectable and ≥ 1000 copies/ml levels; the corresponding cumulative incidence rates were 1.73 and 50%. Furthermore, plasma EBV DNA loads conferred an independent risk for NPC development after adjustment for other risk factors, with HRs of 7.63 for > 3–999 copies/ml and 39.79 for ≥1000 copies/ml. However, the HRs decreased gradually after excluding NPC cases detected in the first 2 to 3 years and became statistically nonsignificant by excluding cases detected during the first 4 years.
Conclusion
Elevated plasma EBV DNA can predict NPC risk over 3 years. Monitoring plasma EBV DNA can be used as a complementary approach to EBV serological antibody-based screening for NPC.
Journal Article
Steering post-C–C coupling selectivity enables high efficiency electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-carbon alcohols
Engineering copper-based catalysts that favour high-value alcohols is desired in view of the energy density, ready transport and established use of these liquid fuels. In the design of catalysts, much progress has been made to target the C–C coupling step; whereas comparatively little effort has been expended to target post-C–C coupling reaction intermediates. Here we report a class of core–shell vacancy engineering catalysts that utilize sulfur atoms in the nanoparticle core and copper vacancies in the shell to achieve efficient electrochemical CO
2
reduction to propanol and ethanol. These catalysts shift selectivity away from the competing ethylene reaction and towards liquid alcohols. We increase the alcohol-to-ethylene ratio more than sixfold compared with bare-copper nanoparticles, highlighting an alternative approach to electroproduce alcohols instead of alkenes. We achieve a C
2+
alcohol production rate of 126 ± 5 mA cm
−2
with a selectivity of 32 ± 1% Faradaic efficiency.
The conversion of carbon dioxide into multi-carbon alcohols would enable the synthesis of sustainable liquid fuels with high energy densities. Now, vacancy-engineered core–shell copper-based catalysts are able to shift the selectivity of electrochemical CO
2
reduction into alcohols instead of alkenes, as obtained with bare-copper catalysts.
Journal Article
Unmet care needs of community-dwelling stroke survivors: a systematic review of quantitative studies
ObjectivesUnderstanding the unmet needs of community-dwelling stroke survivors is essential for further intervention. This systematic review was performed to summarise their unmet needs from a quantitative viewpoint.DesignSystematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data sourcesA comprehensive search of six databases was conducted from inception to February 2020: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and CBM. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. Unmet needs were categorised, and a pooled analysis of the main outcomes was conducted.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included quantitative studies focused on the unmet needs of stroke survivors who live at homes rather than in any other institutionalised organisation.ResultsIn total, 32 of 2660 studies were included, and 1980 unmet needs were identified. The prevalence of patients with unmet needs ranged from 15.08% to 97.59%, with a median of 67.20%; the median number of unmet needs per patient ranged from 2 to 8 (0–31). The prevalence of unmet needs was high at 6 months post-stroke (62.14%) and 2 years post-stroke (81.37%). After categorisation, the main concerns among these patients were revealed to be information support, physical function and mental health; a few studies reported unmet needs related to leisure exercise, return to work and so on. Additionally, differences in the measurement tools used across studies affect what unmet needs participants report.ConclusionsSufficient, accurate, individualised and dynamic information support is a priority among community-dwelling stroke survivors. Physical function and mental health are also the most significant concerns for re-achieving social participation. It is essential to design and disseminate standard, effective and time-saving tools to assess unmet needs.Trial registration numberCRD42018112181.
Journal Article
SphK2 confers 5-fluorouracil resistance to colorectal cancer via upregulating H3K56ac-mediated DPD expression
Aberrant sphingolipid metabolism has been implicated in chemoresistance, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Herein we revealed a previously unrecognized mechanism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance contributed by high SphK2-upregulated dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in colorectal cancer (CRC), which is evidenced from human CRC specimens, animal models, and cancer cell lines. TMA samples from randomly selected 60 CRC specimens firstly identified the clinical correlation between high SphK2 and increased DPD (p < 0.001). Then the regulatory mechanism was explored in CRC models of villin-SphK2 Tg mice, SphK2−/−mice, and human CRC cells xenografted nude mice. Assays of ChIP-Seq and luciferase reporter gene demonstrated that high SphK2 upregulated DPD through promoting the HDAC1-mediated H3K56ac, leading to the degradation of intracellular 5-FU into inactive α-fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL). Lastly, inhibition of SphK2 by SLR080811 exhibited excellent inhibition on DPD expression and potently reversed 5-FU resistance in colorectal tumors of villin-SphK2 Tg mice. Overall, this study manifests that SphK2high conferred 5-FU resistance through upregulating tumoral DPD, which highlights the strategies of blocking SphK2 to overcome 5-FU resistance in CRC.
Journal Article
A real-world evidence of sputum microbiota alterations and their association with oncogenomic changes and response to targeted therapies in patients with lung cancer
Objective
Alterations to the respiratory microbiota may contribute to lung cancer progression. This study examined real-world data to characterize sputum microbiota alterations and to assess their association with oncogenomic changes and response to targeted therapies in patients with lung cancer.
Method
A total of 724 patients with lung cancer who underwent etiological examinations of their sputum were retrospectively included. Tumor tissues of 105 patients were analyzed using commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels targeting 1021 genes for the initial screening stage. Amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction was then used to assess the presence of
EGFR
mutations in 316 cases in the second stage.
Results
TP53
mutations were the most frequently observed coexisting mutations with microbial infections. In contrast,
EGFR
mutations were commonly found in patients without microbial infections. Tumor tissues of infected patients exhibited a significantly higher level of tumor mutation burden (TMB) and a greater frequency of copy number variations, especially on chromosome 11. Specifically,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
infection was more frequently associated with cases carrying
TP53
mutations; while
Candida albicans
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections were observed exclusively in cases with
EGFR
mutations.
EGFR
mutations without concurrent microbial infections were associated with a better objective response rate to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and survival benefits in patients.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that opportunistic pathogens exhibited higher infection rates in patients with
TP53
-mutated, TMB-H, and non-
EGFR
-mutated tumors. Microbial infection in patients with
EGFR
mutations might be an influencing factor that weakens the therapeutic efficacy.
Journal Article
The Design and Implementation of an Ultrawideband Digital Backend Visualization Control System Based on gRPC
With the continuous increase in the observational bandwidth of radio telescopes, digital backend are facing new challenges in real-time control, heterogeneous resource management, and system stability. To address the requirements of ultrawideband radio observations for low latency, high concurrency, and visualization capabilities, this paper presents the design and implementation of an ultrawideband digital backend visualization control system tailored for heterogeneous distributed environments. The system adopts a layered and decoupled architecture to centrally manage FPGA front-end devices, GPU computing nodes, and general-purpose computing resources, while containerization technologies are employed to enable standardized deployment of data processing tasks. At the communication layer, a gRPC framework based on HTTP/2 and Protocol Buffers is introduced to reduce the serialization and transmission overhead of monitoring data and control signals. Through comparative experiments on end-to-end latency and high-concurrency throughput, the performance characteristics of gRPC and traditional REST interfaces are quantitatively evaluated under varying payload sizes and concurrency levels. The proposed system has been deployed in the C-band (4468–7796 MHz) receiver system of the Nanshan 26 m Radio Telescope and validated through practical observations in pulsar timing, pulsar searching, and baseband observation modes. Experimental results demonstrate that the system operates stably under real ultra-wideband observing conditions, supports multi-sub-band data processing and real-time visualization monitoring, and provides an effective engineering reference for the implementation of ultrawideband radio telescope digital backend systems.
Journal Article