Explore the vast range of titles available.

Aggressive behavior among pigs is a significant social issue that has severe repercussions on both the profitability and welfare of pig farms. Due to the complexity of aggression, recognizing it requires the consideration of both spatial and temporal features. To address this problem, we proposed an efficient method that utilizes the temporal shift module (TSM) for automatic recognition of pig aggression. In general, TSM is inserted into four 2D convolutional neural network models, including ResNet50, ResNeXt50, DenseNet201, and ConvNext-t, enabling the models to process both spatial and temporal features without increasing the model parameters and computational complexity. The proposed method was evaluated on the dataset established in this study, and the results indicate that the ResNeXt50-T (TSM inserted into ResNeXt50) model achieved the best balance between recognition accuracy and model parameters. On the test set, the ResNeXt50-T model achieved accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, speed, and model parameters of 95.69%, 95.25%, 96.07%, 95.65%, 29 ms, and 22.98 M, respectively. These results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of recognizing pig aggressive behavior and provide a reference for behavior recognition in actual scenarios of smart livestock farming.

The accurate and rapid detection of objects in videos facilitates the identification of abnormal behaviors in pigs and the introduction of preventive measures to reduce morbidity. In addition, accurate and effective pig detection algorithms provide a basis for pig behavior analysis and management decision-making. Monitoring the posture of pigs can enable the detection of the precursors of pig diseases in a timely manner and identify factors that impact pigs’ health, which helps to evaluate their health status and comfort. Excessive sitting represents abnormal behavior when pigs are frustrated in a restricted environment. The present study focuses on the automatic recognition of standing posture and lying posture in grouped pigs, which shows a lack of recognition of sitting posture. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: A human-annotated dataset of standing, lying, and sitting postures captured by 2D cameras during the day and night in a pig barn was established, and a simplified copy, paste, and label smoothing strategy was applied to solve the problem of class imbalance caused by the lack of sitting postures among pigs in the dataset. The improved YOLOX has an average precision with an intersection over union threshold of 0.5 (AP0.5) of 99.5% and average precision with an intersection over union threshold of 0.5–0.95 (AP0.5–0.95) of 91% in pig position detection; an AP0.5 of 90.9% and an AP0.5–0.95 of 82.8% in sitting posture recognition; a mean average precision with intersection over union threshold of 0.5 (mAP0.5) of 95.7% and a mean average precision with intersection over union threshold of 0.5–0.95 (mAP0.5–0.95) of 87.2% in all posture recognition. The method proposed in our study can improve the position detection and posture recognition of grouped pigs effectively, especially for pig sitting posture recognition, and can meet the needs of practical application in pig farms.

Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) is a compelling horticultural crop with high culinary and therapeutic values. Commercial garlic varieties are male-sterile and propagated asexually from individual cloves or bulbils. Consequently, its main breeding strategy has been confined to the time-consuming and inefficient selection approach from the existing germplasm. Polyploidy, meanwhile, plays a prominent role in conferring plants various changes in morphological, physiological, and ecological properties. Artificial polyploidy induction has gained pivotal attention to generate new genotype for further crop improvement as a mutational breeding method. In our study, efficient and reliable in vitro induction protocols of autotetraploid garlic were established by applying different antimitotic agents based on high-frequency direct shoot organogenesis initiated from inflorescence explant. The explants were cultured on solid medium containing various concentrations of colchicine or oryzalin for different duration days. Afterward, the ploidy levels of regenerated plantlets with stable and distinguished characters were confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The colchicine concentration at 0.2% (w/v) combined with culture duration for 20 days was most efficient (the autotetraploid induction rate was 21.8%) compared to the induction rate of 4.3% using oryzalin at 60 μmol L –1 for 20 days. No polymorphic bands were detected by simple sequence repeat analysis between tetraploid and diploid plantlets. The tetraploids exhibited a stable and remarkable dwarfness effect rarely reported in artificial polyploidization among wide range of phenotypic variations. There are both morphological and cytological changes including extremely reduced plant height, thickening and broadening of leaves, disappearance of pseudostem, density reduction, and augmented width of stomatal. Furthermore, the level of phytohormones, including, indole propionic acid, gibberellin, brassinolide, zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and methyl jasmonate, was significantly lower in tetraploids than those in diploid controls, except indole acetic acid and abscisic acid, which could partly explain the dwarfness in hormonal regulation aspect. Moreover, as the typical secondary metabolites of garlic, organosulfur compounds including allicin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide accumulated a higher content significantly in tetraploids. The obtained dwarf genotype of autotetraploid garlic could bring new perspectives for the artificial polyploids breeding and be implemented as a new germplasm to facilitate investigation into whole-genome doubling consequences.

Poststent restenosis is caused by insufficient endothelialization and is one of the most serious clinical complications of stenting. We observed a rapid endothelialization rate and increased fibrin deposition on the surfaces of the corroded iron stents. Thus, we hypothesized that corroded iron stents would promote endothelialization by increasing fibrin deposition on rough surfaces. To verify this hypothesis, we conducted an arteriovenous shunt experiment to analyze fibrin deposition in the corroded iron stents. We implanted a corroded iron stent in both the carotid and iliac artery bifurcations to elucidate the effects of fibrin deposition on endothelialization. Co‐culture experiments were conducted under dynamic flow conditions to explore the relationship between fibrin deposition and rapid endothelialization. Our findings indicate that, from the generation of corrosion pits, the surface of the corroded iron stent was rough, and numerous fibrils were deposited in the corroded iron stent. Fibrin deposition in corroded iron stents facilitates endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, which, in turn, promotes endothelialization after stenting. Our study is the first to elucidate the role of iron stent corrosion in endothelialization, pointing to a new direction for preventing clinical complications caused by insufficient endothelialization.

The number of cloves in a garlic bulb is controlled by axillary meristem differentiation, which directly determines the propagation efficiency. Our previous study showed that injecting garlic plants with gibberellins (GA3) solution significantly increased clove number per bulb. However, the physiological and molecular mechanism of GA-induced axillary bud formation is still unknown. Herein, dynamic changes in histology, phytohormones, sugars and related genes expression at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days after treatment (DAT) were investigated. Histological results indicated two stages (axillary meristem initiation and dormancy) were in the period of 0–30 days after GA3 treatment. Application of GA3 caused a significant increase of GA3 and GA4, and the downregulation of AsGA20ox expression. Furthermore, the change trends in zeatin riboside (ZR) and soluble sugar were the same, in which a high level of ZR at 2 DAT and high content of soluble sugar, glucose and fructose at 4 DAT were recorded, and a low level of ZR and soluble sugar arose at 16 and 32 DAT. Overall, injection of GA3 firstly caused the downregulation of AsGA20ox, a significant increase in the level of ZR and abscisic acid (ABA), and the upregulation of AsCYP735 and AsAHK to activate axillary meristem initiation. Low level of ZR and soluble sugar and a high level of sucrose maintained axillary meristem dormancy.

To analyze the risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients with optic neuritis through imaging examinations and clinical data analysis. 130 patients with optic neuritis admitted to our hospital from February 2018 to February 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into a poor prognosis group (n = 52) and a good prognosis group (n = 78) based on their prognosis. Imaging examination and clinical data analysis, along with the assessment of the predictive value of statistically significant continuous variables using ROC experiments and risk factors using logistic regression were performed. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in general data such as gender and BMI between the two groups (P > .05). Compared with the group with good prognosis, the group with poor prognosis had higher age (34.47 ± 1.58 years vs 35.81 ± 2.60 years), onset to visit interval (1.81 ± 0.40 weeks vs 2.50 ± 0.64 weeks), VCAM-1 (608.70 ± 42.80 ng/mL vs 625.58 ± 35.62 ng/mL), recurrence rate (48.72% vs 69.23%), optic nerve atrophy rate (3.85% vs 15.38%), eye rotation pain rate (28.21% vs 30.77%), and MRI long T2 signal rate (21.79% vs 40.38%). The proportion of MRI T1 enhanced signals was relatively high (17.95% vs 34.62%) (P < .05). Age, the interval between onset and visit time, and AUC of VCAM-1 were 0.657, 0.785, and 0.621, and the optimal cutoff values were 35 years old, 2 weeks old, and 620.29 ng/mL; 95% CI was (0.596 0.738), (0.704 0.852), and (0.532 0.704), P < .05. Age (>35 years old), recurrence (yes), interval between onset and visit (>2 weeks), MRI long T2 signal (yes), and MRI T1 enhanced signal (yes) are all risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients with optic neuritis. Clinical attention should be paid to high-risk populations.

[Display omitted] •TBSS can be used as an effective indicator to identify the white matter damage in patients with early carotid plaque.•The control of blood pressure in patients with carotid plaque is very important for the development of cognitive impairment.•The cognitive function of patients of asymptomatic carotid plaques has a downward. It has been shown that symptomatic or severe carotid atherosclerosis is closely related to cognitive impairment and brain white matter damage. However, there is still a lack of effective and non-invasive imaging biomarkers to identify early high-risk cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the integrity of brain white matter and cognitive impairment in patients with asymptomatic carotid plaques by using imaging technology. All subjects were from a project of Stroke Risk Screening and Prevention and were defined as stroke high-risk patients (with three or more stroke risk factors). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to analyze the whole brain white matter abnormalities in 61 patients with carotid artery plaque and in 40 healthy controls. At the same time, the general clinical data between the two groups were compared, such as age, gender, smoking, hypertension and cognitive function scores etc. Furthermore, the plaque group was divided into the have-hyperintensities group and the no-hyperintensities group to compare their microstructure of white matter injuries. The cognitive scores of plaque group were significantly lower than that of control group. We found that when plaque group and control group were compared, no white matter fiber tracts with difference was found in FA, MD, AD and RD. However, the decrease of FA and the increase of RD were found in some white matter regions (P < 0.05) when comparing the have-hyperintensities group and the no-hyperintensities group. These white matter regions included anterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, cingulum (cingulate gyrus), forceps minor, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus. What’s more, there were significant differences in blood pressure between the two groups. The cognitive function of patients with early high-risk cerebrovascular diseases (asymptomatic carotid plaques) has a downward trend. TBSS based on DTI can help to find out the actual damage of brain white matter in patients with early carotid plaque, and reflect the early pathological changes from the micro level.

It is necessary to detect the high-precision rotor position and control real-time drive for a high-performance switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. Its optimal control is based on the accurate rotor position information. And the controller processing ability directly influences the effect of control strategy and the motor's real-time response. In terms of the defect that traditional SRM drive can't meet the high-precision requirement and the single processor adopted as controller is limitable to process in real time, this article puts forward a new control proposal that adopts absolute encoder to produce high-precision SRM rotor position signal, and designs an all-digital controller with digital signal processor (DSP) and complex programmable logic device (CPLD) based on SPI bus communication, which could appropriately combines the fast real-time operation of DSP with the reliability of logic processing of CPLD, achieving SRM high-performance drive. So the system makes a great progress in the real-time response ability and output performance.

It is very important to detect the accurate rotor position of switched reluctance motor (SRM) for a high-performance switched reluctance motor drive. And, there are two main factors to influence SRMs rotor position detection, which are the accuracy of the position signal and the controllers real-time response. It cant meet the accuracy requirements to detect shaft position information by opto-couplers, so absolute encoder is used to produce the high-precision rotor position signal. Moreover, the all-digital controller based on DSP and CPLD achieves the real-time detection and applications of high-precision rotor position signal on SRM, with their strong ability on data processing and hardware logic describing. Due to adopting high-precision rotor position detection and control, it carries out successfully and improves the system performance. The experimental results show that the design is reliable and effective, which has great significance for the establishment and realization of high-performance SRM drive.

The rotor position of switched reluctance motor (SRM) is an essential information, and especially in high-performance SRM drive, it is important to achieve high resolution and real-time position detection. However, opto-coupler and linear encoder cant meet the demand of position detection accuracy. Moreover, if the controller detects the position directly, it is difficult to achieve a controller for remote control of the position detecting because of interference. In this paper, a novel position detecting method is proposed. Absolute encoder is used to achieve high resolution rotor position signal. MCU collects position signal from encoder, and The position information is transmitted to the master controller DSP via the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. The experimental results show that the position detecting method meet the requirement of high-precision and real-time function of high-performance SRM drive.