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Pregnancy complications are known to be risk factors for the onset of depression and anxiety symptoms. This study assessed associations between pregnancy complications, including concurrent complications, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among pregnant women living in France. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 492 pregnant women. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics were collected using an online questionnaire. Depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were employed to identify associations between mental health outcomes and pregnancy complications. While 37% of women declared no pregnancy complications, 9.76% declared two or more complications, and 63% of participants had at least one complication. Among these latter, 68.9% had a high risk of depression, 83.9% elevated state anxiety, and 77.4% elevated trait anxiety. State anxiety scores were significantly higher in women who felt they did not receive adequate social support from their partner, family, and friends and who reported dissatisfaction with medical care. Adjusting for confounders, we identified that women with complications had higher odds of experiencing higher state anxiety scores (adjusted OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.40-6.10). Positive associations were also observed between gestational diabetes mellitus and increased likelihood of reporting depressive symptoms (adjusted OR: 1.99; CI:1. 20-3.29) and high state anxiety scores (OR: 3.31; CI: 1.22-9.01). We found a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women with complications. Gestational diabetes mellitus was positively associated with antenatal depression and high state anxiety levels. These findings suggest that women with complications have a higher risk of developing depressive and anxious symptoms. Screening for and treating physical and mental health problems in women experiencing pregnancy complications and poor mental health symptoms are crucial to safeguard the well-being of the mother and the fetus.

Background Global crises inevitably increase levels of anxiety in postpartum populations. Effective and efficient measurement is therefore essential. This study aimed to create a 12-item research short form of the 51-item Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale [PSAS] and validate it for use in rapid response research at a time of global crises [PSAS-RSF-C]. We also present the same 12-items, in five other languages (Italian, French, Chinese, Spanish, Dutch) to increase global accessibility of a psychometric tool to assess maternal mental health. Methods Twelve items from the PSAS were selected on the basis of a review of their factor loadings. An on-line sample of UK mothers ( N  = 710) of infants up to 12 weeks old completed the PSAS-RSF-C during COVID-19 ‘lockdown’. Results Principal component analyses on a randomly split sample ( n  = 344) revealed four factors, identical in nature to the original PSAS, which in combination explained 75% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analyses ( n  = 366) demonstrated the four-factor model fit the data well. Reliability of the overall scale and of the underlying factors in both samples proved excellent. Conclusions Findings suggest the PSAS-RSF-C may prove useful as a clinical screening tool and is the first postpartum-specific psychometric scale to be validated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This offers psychometrically sound assessment of postpartum anxiety. By increasing the accessibility of the PSAS, we aim to enable researchers the opportunity to measure maternal anxiety, rapidly, at times of global crisis.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale. Methods: psychometric study carried out with 262 women in the first six months after giving birth. The analysis included: item-total correlation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest. Parallel analysis was used to adjust dimensionality. Evidence of the validity of relationships with other variables was verified through the correlation between the PSAS, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale and the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory. Results: the removal of eight items improved the quality of fit of the baseline model without affecting reliability. The results indicated stability and evidence of the validity of relationships with other variables showed positive correlations between the PSAS and the other scales used for this purpose. Conclusions: the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale has satisfactory psychometric parameters for the Brazilian context. RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña de la Escala de Detección de Ansiedad Posparto (PSAS). Métodos: es un estudio psicométrico realizado entre 262 mujeres durante los primeros seis meses del posparto. El análisis incluyó: correlación ítem-total, análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis factorial confirmatorio, alfa de Cronbach y test-retest. Se utilizó el análisis paralelo para ajustar la dimensión y se comprobó la validez de las relaciones con otras variables mediante la correlación entre la PSAS, la Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo y el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado. Resultados: la eliminación de ocho ítems mejoró la calidad de ajuste del modelo referencial sin afectar la fiabilidad. Los resultados indicaron estabilidad y corroboraron la validez de las relaciones con otras variables, demostrando así, correlaciones positivas entre la PSAS y las demás escalas utilizadas para este fin. Conclusiones: la Escala de Detección de Ansiedad Posparto exhibe parámetros psicométricos satisfactorios para el contexto brasileño. RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as evidências de validade da versão brasileira da Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale. Métodos: estudo psicométrico realizado com 262 mulheres nos primeiros seis meses após o parto. A análise incluiu: correlação item-total, análise fatorial exploratória, análise fatorial confirmatória, Alfa de Cronbach e teste-reteste. Para ajuste de dimensionalidade foi utilizada a análise paralela. A evidência de validade de relações com outras variáveis foi verificada através da correlação entre a PSAS, a escala de Depressão pós-parto de Edimburgo e o Inventário de Ansiedade traço-estado. Resultados: a eliminação de oito itens melhorou a qualidade de ajuste do modelo basal sem afetar a fidedignidade. Os resultados indicaram estabilidade e a evidência de validade de relações com outras variáveis mostrou correlações positivas entre a PSAS e as demais escalas utilizadas para este fim. Conclusões: a Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale apresenta parâmetros psicométricos satisfatórios para o contexto brasileiro.

The impact of children's interactions with parents in the context of out-of-home placements is receiving much-needed cross-disciplinary attention. However, the paucity of instruments that can reliably represent young children's experiences of such interactions precludes a nuanced evaluation of their impact on wellbeing and development. In response to this empirical gap, the present study investigates children's relational withdrawal as a clinically salient, easily observable and conceptually valid measure of infants' and toddlers' responses to parents. Relational withdrawal, challenging behaviors and salivary cortisol were assessed before, during and after parental visits. Conceptually, the findings suggest that observations of relational withdrawal correlate meaningfully with measure of neurobiological reactivity. Clinically, three profiles of cross-variable responses in children appeared, distinguishing between groups that experience increased, decreased or unchanged levels of stress in response to parental visits. Taken together, the findings lend empirical support to systematic observations of relational withdrawal to bolster evaluations of young children's experience of parental visitation during out-of-home placements.

The goal of this study is to describe and analyze the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms and its relation to the parental interactions of mothers (19–47 years) with their 3–4 year old preschool children. Parental interactions, traumatic experiences in mothers’ childhood, and current depressive symptoms were measured using the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I), respectively. A nonclinical sample of 81 Chilean mothers with their children was used. Results show that the presence of trauma in mothers’ childhood has an impact on parenting; specifically, mothers with an emotional neglect experience showed greater difficulties in adequately promoting autonomy in their children.

In this study we explored, in men, one of the most common postpartum syndromes in women: the postpartum blues. The aims of the study were (a) to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum blues in fathers, (b) to explore the sociodemographic and perinatal factors that may be associated with its intensity, and (c) to investigate the relationship between the intensity of blues symptoms and the quality of father-to-infant bonding. Three hundred and three French-speaking fathers living in France completed a sociodemographic and obstetrical questionnaire, the Maternity Blues Questionnaire, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. The fathers were recruited from two maternity hospitals and a Child and Maternal Health Centre within 10 days of their infant’s birth, or from online forums devoted to parenting. At least 17.5% of fathers experienced postpartum blues. A high level of education was associated with a higher level of postpartum blues symptoms. Dissatisfaction with the maternity care and significant father involvement during pregnancy and delivery predicted more severe postpartum blues symptoms. Symptoms of postpartum blues were positively correlated with impairment in the father-to-infant bond. This study lends support to the existence of postpartum blues among fathers and highlights its possible consequences on early father–infant relationships.

The study assessed how the timing of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms affects infant socio-emotional characteristics at age 18 months. The study was a longitudinal cohort study that included six assessment points from the third trimester of pregnancy up to age 18 months (±1 month). Assessment of mothers included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, while assessments of infant included the Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) at 18 months. Mothers were categorized into one of the following groups: mothers who presented postnatal depression only (n = 19); mothers who presented both prenatal and postnatal depression (n = 14), and mothers who never showed perinatal depression symptoms (n = 38). Mothers who presented both prenatal and postnatal depression showed significantly higher levels of depressive score, reactivity to stress and level of anxiety trait compared to mothers of the two other groups. Infants of prenatally and postnatally depressed mothers had higher scores on the internalizing subscore of the ITSEA. The number of depression episodes during the study period was positively correlated with the externalizing and internalizing subscores of the ITSEA. These findings support the need to provide specific screening to identify women with prenatal depression.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as evidências de validade da versão brasileira da Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale. Métodos: estudo psicométrico realizado com 262 mulheres nos primeiros seis meses após o parto. A análise incluiu: correlação item-total, análise fatorial exploratória, análise fatorial confirmatória, Alfa de Cronbach e teste-reteste. Para ajuste de dimensionalidade foi utilizada a análise paralela. A evidência de validade de relações com outras variáveis foi verificada através da correlação entre a PSAS, a escala de Depressão pós-parto de Edimburgo e o Inventário de Ansiedade traço-estado. Resultados: a eliminação de oito itens melhorou a qualidade de ajuste do modelo basal sem afetar a fidedignidade. Os resultados indicaram estabilidade e a evidência de validade de relações com outras variáveis mostrou correlações positivas entre a PSAS e as demais escalas utilizadas para este fim. Conclusões: a Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale apresenta parâmetros psicométricos satisfatórios para o contexto brasileiro. ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale. Methods: psychometric study carried out with 262 women in the first six months after giving birth. The analysis included: item-total correlation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest. Parallel analysis was used to adjust dimensionality. Evidence of the validity of relationships with other variables was verified through the correlation between the PSAS, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale and the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory. Results: the removal of eight items improved the quality of fit of the baseline model without affecting reliability. The results indicated stability and evidence of the validity of relationships with other variables showed positive correlations between the PSAS and the other scales used for this purpose. Conclusions: the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale has satisfactory psychometric parameters for the Brazilian context. RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña de la Escala de Detección de Ansiedad Posparto (PSAS). Métodos: es un estudio psicométrico realizado entre 262 mujeres durante los primeros seis meses del posparto. El análisis incluyó: correlación ítem-total, análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis factorial confirmatorio, alfa de Cronbach y test-retest. Se utilizó el análisis paralelo para ajustar la dimensión y se comprobó la validez de las relaciones con otras variables mediante la correlación entre la PSAS, la Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo y el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado. Resultados: la eliminación de ocho ítems mejoró la calidad de ajuste del modelo referencial sin afectar la fiabilidad. Los resultados indicaron estabilidad y corroboraron la validez de las relaciones con otras variables, demostrando así, correlaciones positivas entre la PSAS y las demás escalas utilizadas para este fin. Conclusiones: la Escala de Detección de Ansiedad Posparto exhibe parámetros psicométricos satisfactorios para el contexto brasileño.