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The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: “assistance animal”, “companion animal”, “educational/school support animal”, “emotional support animal”, “facility animal”, “service animal”, “skilled companion animal”, “therapy animal”, and “visiting/visitation animal”. At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., “skilled companion animal” and “service animal”) due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed.

A bomb-sniffing dog detected the dynamite in [Howard MacFarland Fish]'s luggage at a federal inspection station at Houston's Bush Intercontinental Airport shortly after Continental Airlines Flight 52 out of Buenos Aires landed about 6 a.m. Houston Fire Department Assistant Chief Omero Longoria said Fish told authorities he works in mining and often handles explosives. Longoria said federal officials were investigating whether Fish's explanation was true. On the Lafayette campus in Easton, the news came as a shock to students who know Fish. Nicholas Scott, who roomed with him last year, said he thought another student was joking about Fish. \"He's an all-American, nice kid. Plays sports, plays lacrosse, pretty typical Lafayette kid, I'd say,\" Scott said.

A bomb-sniffing dog detected the dynamite in [Howard MacFarland Fish III]'s luggage at a federal inspection station at Houston's Bush Intercontinental Airport shortly after Continental Airlines Flight 52 out of Buenos Aires landed about 6 a.m. Houston Fire Department Assistant Chief Omero Longoria said Fish told authorities he works in mining and often handles explosives. Longoria said federal officials were investigating whether Fish's explanation was true. On the Lafayette campus in Easton, the news came as a shock to students who know Fish. Nicholas Scott, who roomed with him last year, said he thought another student was joking about Fish. \"He's an all-American, nice kid. Plays sports, plays lacrosse, pretty typical Lafayette kid, I'd say,\" Scott said.

A bomb-sniffing dog detected the dynamite in [Howard MacFarland Fish]'s luggage at a federal inspection station at Houston's Bush Intercontinental Airport shortly after Continental Airlines Flight 52 out of Buenos Aires landed about 6 a.m. Houston Fire Department Assistant Chief Omero Longoria said Fish told authorities he works in mining and often handles explosives. Longoria said federal officials were investigating whether Fish's explanation was true. On the Lafayette campus in Easton, the news came as a shock to students who know Fish. Nicholas Scott, who roomed with him last year, said he thought another student was joking about Fish. \"He's an all-American, nice kid. Plays sports, plays lacrosse, pretty typical Lafayette kid, I'd say,\" Scott said.

\"I'd like to have my sermons on the High Holy Days focus on how we can be better people, how we can pursue righteousness in the year ahead,\" said Rabbi Dan Feder of Congregation Keneseth Israel, a reform synagogue in Allentown. \"I normally focus on themes like that rather than geopolitics, but certainly, tonight demands that.\" Rabbi Allen Juda of Congregation Brith Shalom, a conservative synagogue in Bethlehem, said his sermons will look at how the tragedy has affected our lives. PHOTO by MICHAEL KUBEL, The Morning Call; Rabbi [Jonathan Gerard] faces the Torah in the open ark at the Temple Covenant of Peace in Easton. 'Our tradition commands us to celebrate the new year,' he said. 'But how can we celebrate when so many people suffer, when so many + people don't even know if they should grieve?'