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The liner temperature distribution of an aero-engine combustor is a critical parameter for evaluating its cooling effectiveness. It provides essential guidance for designing the combustor cooling flow field, assessing combustion performance, identifying critical regions, and predicting service life. However, current research on surface temperature field measurements in real or model aero-engine combustors remains limited. Existing studies focus primarily on the liner temperature measurement under near-steady-state conditions, with less attention to its dynamic changes. This study employs Laser-Induced Phosphorescence (LIP) thermometry to measure the effusion-cooled liner temperature field of an aero-engine model combustor under various CH4/Air swirling premixed flame conditions and varying blowing ratios. Based on the geometric characteristics of the effusion-cooled liner, an optimization method for matching phosphorescence images of different wavelengths is proposed. This enhances the applicability of phosphorescence intensity ratio-based LIP thermometry in high-vibration environments. The study specifically focuses on the dynamic response of LIP thermometry for monitoring combustor liner temperature. The instantaneous effects of blowing ratio variations on liner temperature rise rates were investigated. Additionally, the influence mechanisms of a broad range of combustion conditions and the blowing ratios on the combustor liner temperature distribution and cooling effectiveness were examined. These findings provide theoretical and technical support for cooling design and dynamic liner temperature field measurement in real aero-engine combustors.

Ammonia, as a promising carbon-neutral fuel, has attracted growing attention for blended combustion applications from academia to industry. Low-NOx-combustion strategies such as staged combustion, oxygen-enriched combustion, and exhaust gas recirculation may lead to ammonia combustion in CO2-rich and NO-rich environments. In this work, the laminar burning velocities (SL) in NH3/CH4/O2/NO/CO2 flames with various ammonia blended ratios under atmospheric pressure were investigated using the heat flux method. The addition of NO to the oxidizer significantly enhances SL, with the enhancement factor ξ proportional to the NO fraction in the oxidizer and strongly dependent on the fuel composition. Chemical effects rather than thermal-diffusion effects dominate the enhancement of SL. Kinetic analysis shows that NO actively participates in the reaction network during the early flame stage, promoting the formation of key radicals such as H and OH through pathways like NH2 + NO = NNH + OH and NNH = N2 + H, thereby accelerating chain-branching and sustaining flame propagation.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a hot topic in various research fields nowadays. And MOF-derived metal oxides prepared by the sacrificial template method have been widely applied as catalysts for pollutant removal. Accordingly, we prepared a series of MOF-derived MnOx catalysts with diverse morphologies (rod-like, flower-like, slab-like) via the pyrolysis of MOF precursors, and the as-prepared MnOx catalysts demonstrated superior performance compared to the one prepared using the co-precipitation method. MnOx-II, with a flower-like structure, exhibited excellent activity for formaldehyde (HCHO) catalytic ozonation at room temperature, reaching complete HCHO conversion at O3/HCHO of 1.5 and more than 90% CO2 selectivity at an O3/HCHO ratio of 2.5. On the basis of various characterization methods, it was clarified that the enhanced catalytic performance of MnOx-II benefited from its larger BET surface area, abundant oxygen vacancies, better redox ability at lower temperature, and more Lewis acid sites. The H2O resistance and stability tests were also conducted. Furthermore, DFT calculations substantiated the enhanced adsorption of HCHO and O3 on oxygen vacancies, while in–situ DRIFTS measurements elucidated the degradation pathway of HCHO during catalytic ozonation through detected intermediates.

Swirl spray combustion has attracted significant attention due to its common usage in gas turbines. However, the high pressure in many practical applications remains a major obstacle to the deep understanding of flame stability and pollutant formation. To address this concern, this study investigated a swirl spray flame fueled with n-decane at elevated pressure. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used simultaneously, enabling the distinction of the locations of OH, PAHs, and mixtures of them, providing detailed information on flame structure and evolution of PAHs. The effects of swirl number and ambient pressure on reaction zone characteristics and PAHs’ formation were studied, with the swirl number ranging from 0.30 to 1.18 and the pressure ranging from 1 to 3 bar. The data suggest that the swirl number changes the flame structure from V-shaped to crown-shaped, as observed at both atmospheric and elevated pressures. Additionally, varying swirl numbers lead to the initiation of flame divergence at distinct pressure levels. Moreover, PAHs of different molecular sizes exhibit significant overlap, with larger PAHs able to further extend downstream. The relative concentration of PAH increased with pressure, and the promoting effect of pressure on producing larger PAHs was significant.

This paper reports the latest update to and a 24 h continuous operation test of the CEU’s thermochemical iodine–sulfur cycle water-splitting system with a maximum H2 hydrogen production capacity of 1500 L/h. To address challenges such as high energy consumption and severe corrosion in traditional processes, the system was updated and optimized by introducing a small-cycle design, simulated using Aspen Plus software, achieving a thermal efficiency of 53%. Specifically, the key equipment improvements included a three-stage H2SO4 decomposition reactor and an HI decomposition reactor with heat recovery, resolving issues of severe corrosion when H2SO4 boils and reducing heat loss. During 24 h continuous operation in January 2025, the system achieved a peak hydrogen production rate of 1536 L/h and a long-term stable rate of approximately 300 L/h, with hydrogen purity reaching up to 98.75%. This study validates the potential for the scaling up of iodine–sulfur cycle hydrogen production technology, providing engineering insights for efficient and clean hydrogen energy production.

In wet flue gas desulfurization and denitrification processes, nitrite accumulation inhibits denitrification efficiency and induces secondary pollution due to its acidic disproportionation. This study developed a Mn-modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, achieving efficient resource conversion of nitrite in nitrogen-containing wastewater through an O3 + Mn/ZSM-5 catalytic system. Mn/ZSM-5 catalysts with varying SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (prepared by wet impregnation) were characterized by BET, XRD, and XPS. Experimental results demonstrated that Mn/ZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 400) exhibited a larger specific surface area, enhanced adsorption capacity, abundant surface Mn3+/Mn4+ species, hydroxyl oxygen species, and chemisorbed oxygen, leading to superior oxidation capability and catalytic activity. Under the optimized conditions of reaction temperature = 40 °C, initial pH = 4, Mn/ZSM-5 dosage = 1 g/L, and O3 concentration = 100 ppm, the NO2− oxidation efficiency reached 94.33%. Repeated tests confirmed that the Mn/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited excellent stability and wide operational adaptability. The synergistic effect between Mn species and the zeolite support significantly improved ozone utilization efficiency. The O3 + Mn/ZSM-5 system required less ozone while maintaining high oxidation efficiency, demonstrating better cost-effectiveness. Mechanism studies revealed that the conversion pathway of NO2− followed a dual-path catalytic mechanism combining direct ozonation and free radical chain reactions. Practical spray tests confirmed that coupling the Mn/ZSM-5 system with ozone oxidation flue gas denitrification achieved over 95% removal of liquid-phase NO2− byproducts without compromising the synergistic removal efficiency of NOx/SO2. This study provided an efficient catalytic solution for industrial wastewater treatment and the resource utilization of flue gas denitrification byproducts.

In 2020, energy-related CO2 emissions reached 31.5 Gt, leading to an unprecedented atmospheric CO2 level of 412.5 ppm. Hydrogen blending in natural gas (NG) is a solution for maximizing clean energy utilization and enabling long-distance H2 transport through pipelines. However, insufficient comprehension concerning the combustion characteristics of NG, specifically when blended with a high proportion of hydrogen up to 80%, particularly with minority species, persists. Utilizing the heat flux method at room temperature and 1 atm, this experiment investigated the laminar burning velocities of CH4/NG/H2/air/He flames incorporating minority species, specifically C2H6 and C3H8, within NG. The results point out the regularity of SL enhancement, reaching its maximum at an equivalence ratio of 1.4. Furthermore, the propensity for the enhancement of laminar burning velocity aligned with the observed thermoacoustic oscillation instability during fuel-rich regimes. The experimental findings were contrasted with kinetic simulations, utilizing the GRI 3.0 and San Diego mechanisms to facilitate analysis. The inclusion of H2 augments the chemical reactions within the preheating zone, while the thermal effect from temperature is negligible. Both experimental and simulated results revealed that CH4 and NG with a large proportion of H2 had no difference, no matter whether from a laminar burning velocity or a kinetic analysis aspect.

As the energy structure evolves, low-load operation of coal-fired boilers is becoming common, posing challenges to combustion stability. This study explored the co-combustion of brown gas (HHO) with bituminous coal and anthracite in a one-dimensional furnace. Results indicate that introducing HHO significantly elevated combustion temperatures, with maximum increases of 158 °C and 207 °C, respectively. In the premixed mode, the flame front shifted upstream, indicating advanced ignition timing. Moreover, HHO co-combustion notably enhanced the combustion stability of anthracite, as reflected in stabilized furnace temperatures. With increasing HHO flow rate, CO concentrations from both bituminous coal and anthracite were reduced by over 80%. The combustion efficiency of bituminous coal reached 98%, while the combustion efficiency of anthracite increased by 19% (premixed) and 13% (staged), confirming the premixed mode’s superiority in promoting complete combustion. HHO co-combustion increased SO2 emissions but had a complex effect on NOX emissions due to the competition between NOX reduction caused by HHO and NOX formation caused by the increased combustion temperature. HHO co-combustion changed the melting point of fly ash, increased the content of Al2O3, and reduced the content of Na2O, K2O, and MgO, influencing the slagging behavior of the boiler and the subsequent management of fly ash.

Measurement of acoustic waves from laser-induced breakdown has been developed as gas thermometry in combustion atmospheres. In the measurement, two laser-induced breakdown spots are generated and the local gas temperature between these two spots is determined through the measurement of the sound speed between them. In the previous study, it was found that the local gas breakdown can introduce notable system uncertainty, about 5% to the measured temperature. To eliminate the interference, in present work, a new measurement procedure was proposed, where two individual laser pulses with optimized firing order and delay time were employed. With the new measurement procedure, the system uncertainty caused by local gas breakdown can be largely avoided and the temporal and spatial resolutions can reach up to 0.5 ms and 10 mm, respectively. The improved thermometry, dual-laser-induced breakdown thermometry (DLIBT), was applied to measure temperatures of hot flue gases provided by a multijet burner. The measured temperatures covering the range between 1000 K and 2000 K were compared with the ones accurately obtained through the two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) thermometry with a measurement uncertainty of ~3%, and a very good agreement was obtained.

Ammonia–coal co-firing is emerging as a promising technological pathway to reduce carbon production during coal-fired power generation. However, the coupling effects of the ammonia energy ratio (ENH3) and equivalence ratio on the ignition mechanism and emission characteristics—particularly under staged injection conditions—remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates these characteristics in a laboratory-scale furnace. Spontaneous chemiluminescence imaging and flue gas analysis were employed to decouple the effects of aerodynamic interactions and chemical kinetics. The experimental results reveal that the ammonia injection strategy is the critical factor governing coal ignition performance. Compared to the premixed mode, staged injection—which establishes an independent, high-temperature ammonia flame zone—provides a superior thermal environment and circumvents oxygen competition between the fuels, thereby markedly promoting coal ignition. At an ENH3 of 50%, the staged configuration reduces the ignition delay time of coal volatiles by a striking 60.93%. Within the staged configuration, increasing either the co-firing ratio or the overall equivalence ratio further enhances coal ignition. Analysis of pollutant emissions elucidates that the formation of NO, N2O, and NH3 is intimately linked to the local combustion conditions of ammonia. An excessively lean local equivalence ratio leads to incomplete ammonia combustion, thereby increasing N2O and NH3 slip.