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Workplace disability management programs are important in managing injury and disability. A stratified random sample of 188 employers in health care workplaces (71 hospitals, 48 nursing homes, 42 private clinics, and 27 community clinics) completed a mailed Organizational Policies and Practices (OPP) questionnaire. The OPP asked questions about eight workplace disability management practices. This article compares disability management practices across the four types of health care workplaces. A one-way analysis of variance for each of the eight practices demonstrated significant differences across facility types for all practices, except ergonomic practices. For unionized versus non-unionized workplaces, there were significant differences in all practices, except ergonomic practices. For workplaces with formal policies versus those without policies, there were significant differences in all practices, except people-oriented culture and safety diligence. Variations in disability management practices in health care workplaces need to be addressed to provide more effective prevention and treatment of work-related injuries and disability.

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence on workplace rehabilitation interventions for work-related upper extremity disorders (WRUEDs). The literature search identified a total of 811 abstracts from Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and EMBASE databases. The abstracts were independently assessed by four reviewers and 53 full-text articles were identified. Twenty-one studies were then randomly allocated to two pairs of reviewers. Using a 24-item critical appraisal form, the reviewers evaluated the articles for quality and level of evidence. During this process, an additional 13 articles were discarded, resulting in eight studies. The effectiveness of these studies was limited by small sample sizes, lack of standardized outcome measures, and inadequate reporting of interventions and results. The findings of this review indicate that the evidence for workplace interventions for WRUEDs has not been established. This systematic review provides a rigorous analysis of workplace interventions for WRUEDs and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.

KEY WORDS Professional issues Professional practice Risk taking References

Workplace organizational policies and practices (OPPs) play a pivotal role in managing injury and disability. This study identifies the workplace OPPs in Ontario's education sector. OPPs were examined using a cross-sectional survey with 157 participants. The relationship among the type of school, workplace OPPs and injury and disability outcomes were investigated. Mean subscale scores (potential range 1-5) varied from 3.1 (SD, 1.0) to 4.2 (SD, 0.6) for all schools. Private schools scored lowest on measures of disability prevention, disability management, and corporate culture. Ergonomic practices and return to work initiatives were achieved less frequently than other OPPs for all schools. Higher scores on safety diligence were associated with lower injury and disability incidence (proportion of variance explained ranged from 10 to 23%). Higher scores on people-oriented culture were associated with lower disability incidence and duration (proportion of variance explained ranged from 7 to 20%). Public schools engage more often in workplace OPPs than private schools. Improved achievements on safety diligence and people-oriented culture practices predict reduced injury and disability outcomes.

Brockett et al present a contemporary conception of the relationship between law and ethics that reinstates morality as a core component and describe the educational philosophy of two programs in rehabilitation science where the ethics education component is being analyzed.